• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast effect if a saline flush following low-volume contrast medium bolus improves vascular and parenchymal enhancement using a saphenous vein in abdominal CT for small animals. Six clinically healthy beagle dogs underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. They were divided into nine groups (each group, n = 6), according to the volume of contrast medium 1, 2, and 3 mL/kg, and volume of the saline solution 0, 5, and 10 mL. Dynamic CT scanning was performed at the hepatic hilum level. The maximum contrast enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, and time to equilibrium phase were calculated from the time attenuation curves. Mean attenuation values for all groups were measured in the aorta, portal vein, and liver. After contrast enhancement, grading of image quality regarding surrounding artifacts and evaluation of the hepatic hilum structures was performed. For comparison of the effect of the contrast material and saline solution doses, differences in mean attenuation values between the contrast medium 2 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, and between contrast medium 3 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, were analyzed for statistical significance. There were no significant differences between with and without saline flushing at the same contrast medium dose groups. There were no significant differences in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of contrast medium alone and the 2 mL/kg dose of contrast medium with saline solution flush. However, there was a significant difference in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium without the saline flush group and the 2 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium alone group. Grades of the artifacts were not significantly different in the saline flush regardless of the dose of the contrast medium. Using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush resulted in similar liver parenchyma attenuation, compared with using 3 mL/kg of contrast medium without saline solution flush. In CT evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseases, using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush may yield decreased risk of contrast nephropathy and cost-saving.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1999

조영 증강제를 이용한 나선식 CT는 간 질환을 진단하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하고있음에도 불구하고 진단의 효율을 최적화하는 프로토콜은 명확하게 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 나선식 CT에서의 간암-간 대조 곡선을 모의 실험(simulation) 하여 다양한 요소들이 시간-조영 곡선에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 파악하고, 또한 CT 검사 전에 모의 실험을 하여 이론적으로 최적의 스캔을 할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 약동학(pharmacokinetics)에 기초한 compartment model을 구성하였다. 간암, 간, 대동맥 및 간문맥 등을 각 구획(compartment)으로 설정하여 각 구획에서의 미분방정식을 얻은 후 적분하여 Hounsfield unfit 값을 조영제 주입 후 시간의 함수로 얻었으며 각 구획의 시간-조영 곡선을 출력하였다. 구현한 프로그램에서는 간암의 크기 및 종양 혈관의 분포 등과 같은 간암의 성질, 간경화의 정도에 따른 간 혈관 공급의 양상 및 조영제의 부피, 농도, 주입 속도 등의 조영제 주입 방법, 환자의 몸무게, 키 등의 환자의 신체 계수, 그리고 심박출량 등의 환자의 혈역학적 계수 등을 입력 받아 간암을 비롯한 각 구획의 시간-조영 곡선 및 간-간암 대조 곡선을 출력할 수 있도록 하였다. 모델링을 통해 얻은 조영 증강 곡선은 같은 환경하에서 얻은 24명의 환자 데이터와 비교하여 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 조영 증강제 주입 방법의 변화가 간암-간 대조 곡선에 미치는 영향을 비교할 수 있었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

This study was performed to establish normal hepatoscintiangiographic(HSA) pattern of hepatic blood flow and to investigate dynamic differential HSA findings of primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscess of the liver. HSA was carried out after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mCi of Tc-99m-phytate by obtaining sequential anterior images of 1-second exposure for 16 seconds. Observations included (1) baseline study of normal hepatic blood flow pattern by correlating with contrast angiogram, (2) time sequence phasing of normal HSA, and (3) analysis of altered patterns in primary and metastatic carcinomas and abscesses of the liver. Materials consisted of 20 normal subjects, 28 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastatic carcinomas and 7 liver abscesses. Results were: (1) Normal HSA demonstrated 3 distinct phases of arterialization(AP), of arterial hepatogram(AHP), and of portal venous hepatogram(PVHP). The means of each phase were 5.3, 6.3 and 8.3 seconds, respectively. Portal vein could be seen in all but one of 20 normal subjects. (2) Pattern changes in diseases groups were early start of AP in carcinomas and very early start of AP in abscesses. AP became prolonged in all disease group. (3) Distinction between AHP was sharp in metastasis and abscesses but un sharp in primary hepatoma. Cold area or areas became vascularized in primary hepatoma but not in abscess. Cold areas of metastasis were inhomogeneously vascularized in late AP and throughout AHP and became relatively vascular as PVHP began. The cold area of abscess showed rim enhancement during AH and APH. These differences in HSA pattern were very useful in differential diagnosis of the diseases studied.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.454-457
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• 2006

Purpose: The anastomosis of hepatic artery to recipient vessel has a major role in a liver transplantation, so its occlusion is the most important cause of failure of liver transplantations. We made the study to reveal the peculiarities in pediatric liver transplantations compared with adult cases. Methods: From January 1999 to September 2005, we performed 99 cases of pediatric liver transplantation. The mean age at operation was 4.17 years of age. The hepatic vein and portal vein are anastomosed by the general surgeons and then the hepatic artery is anastomosed by the plastic surgeons. The Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography were used for postoperative checkup for hepatic artery patency. Results: There were no immediate complications, but hepatic arterial occlusion was developed in 3 cases (2.8%). In pediatric patients, the anastomosis of hepatic artery is more difficult than adults because of the rapid respiratory and pulse rate, the small vascular diameter, and the large gap of diameter difference between the recipient and the donor vessels. Conclusion: We could confirm that pediatric liver transplantations are relatively safe but long learning curve was needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.260-264
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• 1997

This study was conducted with adult cockerels to determine whether dietary RNA affects feed intake and renal weight and function, and if the responses are similar to dietary adenine. Chickens were ad libitum fed a RNA diet (100 g/kg) or an adenine diet (9.1 g/kg) for 14 d and catheterized in right jugular vein, hepatic portal vein and both urethers, and saline together with para-amino hippuric acid and sodium thiosulfate was continuously infused into them to evaluate renal functions. Dietary RNA reduced feed intake and body weight, and dietary adenine increased kidney weight expressed as a proportion of body weight (P < 0.05). Feed intake and body weight on the adenine diet and kidney weight on the RNA diet showed similar though non significant tendencies. No calculi were detected in the kidney in chickens fed either the RNA or adenine diets. Plasma inorganic phosphate (IP), Ca and 1,25 $(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$ concentrations were increased by dietary RNA and adenine, although the increases of IP and Ca in adenine-fed chickens were not significant. Uric acid and urea concentrations in the blood plasma were unaffected by dietary RNA or adenine. Both dietary RNA and adenine increased renal blood flow rates 3.5-3.7 fold, renal plasma flow rates 3.4-3.7 fold and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) 2.9-3.0 fold (p < 0.01). Clearance of urea, IP and Ca were also enhanced by dietary RNA, but not by dietary adenine. However, neither RNA nor adenine affected uric acid clearance. Only IP clearance was significantly augmented at the glomerular level by dietary RNA (p < 0.05). Glomerular filtration of uric acid, urea, IP and Ca and reabsorption of urea, IP and Ca at the renal tubule were increased by dietary RNA and adenine (p < 0.05), whereas tubular secretion of uric acid was decreased by both dietary treatments. It is concluded that dietary adenine is effective in changing renal function and P and Ca metabolism in chickens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper was to compare the clinical efficacy of iopamidol and iopromide, iohexol nonionic contrast media in terms of their image quality in Beagle dogs with hepatic CT angiography and their application in veterinary clinics. With 9 Beagle dogs, contrast media of iopamidol (pamiray-$300^(R)$) and iopromide (ultravist-$300^(R)$, iohexol (omnipaque-$300^(R)$) were induced intravenously (600 mg I/kg, BW) and CT angiography was done under general anesthesia. CT scan included scout, pre-contrast and cine examinations. During CT angiography, peak HU (Hounsfield unit) and peak time were examined on each site (ROI; region of interest) of the aorta, caudal vena cava, potral vein and liver parenchyma. Any side effects were also examined. After experiments, it was found that there were no significant changes of HU and maximal enhancing time of each ROIs of aorta, caudal vena cava, portal vein and liver parenchyma between these contrast media. And any side effects were not noted. So it is concluded that iopamidol has similiar contrast enhancement like as iopromide and iohexol in hepatic angiography and and it is thought to be useful for evaluation of the abdominal organs by CT scan in veterinary clinics.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 1992

The influence of phenobarbital (PB) pretreatment (75 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 4 days) on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem (DTZ) and its metabolite, desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), was investigated in rats. DTZ was injected via femoral (3 mg/kg) or portal (10 mg/kg) vein to the control and PB-pretreated rats. DAD was also injected separately via femoral (3 mg/kg) vein to both groups of rats. The intrinsic hepatic plasma clearance of DTZ was found to be significantly increased (6.8-fold) by the PB pretreatment. However, the fraction of an intravenous DTZ dose converted to DAD $(F_mi)$ was only slightly (6%) increased and calculated metabolic rate constant of DTZ to DAD was not affected by the pretreatment. On the other hand, plasma free fraction of DTZ was increased (1.8-fold) from $4.24{\pm}0.25%$ to $7.45{\pm}0.54%$ by the pretreatment. However, the l.8-fold increase in the free fraction of DTZ would not explain the 6.8-fold increase in the hepatic intrinsic clearance of DTZ. Therefore, the increase in either the hepatic blood flow or the metabolism other than to DAD was expected as the probable mechanism(s) of the increased hepatic clearance of DTZ. Sequential metabolism of DAD to further metabolites, however, would be a more potential cause of the apparently unchanged metabolism of DTZ to DAD by the PB-pretreatment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.365-385
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• 1995

In order to prove the antitumor effect of Wekyungtang(WKT) that was originated in Bigeubchunkeumyobang(備急千金要方), Wekyungtang with Houttuyniae Herba(WKT-I) and Wekyungtang with Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(WKT-II) experimentally, the studies were done, We evaluated the cytotoxic activity against B16- Fo as well as the synergistic effects with anticancer drugs such as cyclophophamide (CPM), cisplatin(CPT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and measured body weight, survival time, hematological changes, changes of tissues in G57BL／6 implanted with B16-Fo. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In vitro cytotoxic effect against B16-Fo was shown in all groups as compared with control group, but the concentrations showing inhibitory growth rate below 55% of control was recognized in all concentrations of Wekyungtang(WKT) against B16-Fo and also concentration of $10^4$g／ml above in all group with cyclophophamide (CPM), concentration of $10^3$g／ml in Wekyungtang(WKT-l) with cisplatin(CPT) in synergistic effect, 2. In vivo body and tumor weight were significantly suppressed in all groups as compared with control group 3. The number of platelet, WBC, RBC were significantly increased in all groups, platelet aggregation was significantly increased in WKT-I and WKT-II as compared with control group. 4. In changes of tissues heavy infiltration oh cancer was shown in portal vein, pulmonary tissue, vein, peribronchiole, aveoli, while WKT-I was effective in antihepatic metastasis and WKT-II in pulmonary matastasis. From above results it was concluded that wekyungtang(WKT), wekyungtang with Houttuyniae Herba(WKT-I) and wekyungtang with Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(WKT -II) had antitumor effect, and also wekyungtang combined with Houttuyniae Herba or Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba were more effective than wekyungtang only and also cyclophophamide (CPM), cisplatin(CPT) showed the more synergistic effect which suggests the necessity of continuous study on the mechanism of antitumor action of Houttuyniae Herba or Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권6호
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• pp.1426-1431
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• 2022

간내 문맥정맥단락은 간문맥-대정맥 또는 간문맥-간정맥이 연결되어 있는 드문 혈관 질환이다. 간내 문맥정맥단락은 주로 무증상을 보이며, 다른 질환으로 영상 검사를 하였을 때 우연히 발견될 수 있다. 하지만 단락양이 많거나 증상이 있는 경우 단락 색전술을 고려하여야 한다. 저자들은 선천성 간내 문맥정맥단락 환자에서 갑자기 간성뇌증이 발생하여 이를 경간 코일 색전술로 치료한 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2013

We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who had cholestasis after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination therapy. Liver biopsy was performed 36 days after the onset of jaundice because of no evidence of improving cholestasis. Liver histology revealed portal inflammation, bile plug, and biliary stasis around the central vein with the loss of the interlobular bile ducts. Immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin 7 and 19 were negative. These findings were consistent with those of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS). Chlestasis was progressively improved with dose increment of urosodeoxycholic acid from conventional to high dose. This is the first case report of trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole associated VBDS in Korean children. The case suggests that differential diagnosis of VBDS should be considered in case of progressive cholestatic hepatitis with elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase after or during taking medicine to treat nonhepatobiliary diseases illness.