• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

In this paper, an analytical solution for the wave-induced seabed response in a porous seabed is derived. Unlike previous investigations with quasi-static soil behaviour, dynamic soil behaviour is considered in the new solution. The basic one-dimensional framework proposed by Zienkiewicz et al (1980) is extended to two-dimensional cases. Based on the analytical solution derived, the effects of dynamic soil behaviour on the wave-induced seabed response are examined. The boundary of quasi-static soil behaviour and dynamic soil behaviour is clarified, and formulated for engineering practice.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.277-290
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of environmental impact assessment(EIA) and to suggest new EIA technology. The problems of EIA in Korea can be summarized as follows. First, the EIA does not reflect the impact of policy, plan and program on environment. Second, the project EIA does not consider the cumulative impacts such as additive impacts, synergistic impacts, threshold/saturation impacts, induced and indirect impacts, time-crowded impacts, and space-crowded impacts. Third, the EIA techniques in Korea are not standardized. Finally, the present EIA suggests only alternatives to reduce adverse impacts. To solve above-mentioned problems, the development of new EIA technology is essential. First, the new EIA technology should be developed toward pollution prevention technology and comprehensive and integrated environmental management technology. Second, new fields of EIA for pollution prevention contain strategic environmental assessment, cumulative impacts assessment, socio-economic impact assessment, cyber EIA and EIA technology necessary after the reunification of Korean Peninsula. Third, EIA technology for integrated environmental management contains the development of integated environment assessment system and the development of packaged EIA technology. The EIA technology for integrated environmental assessment system contains (1) development of integrated impact assessment technology combining air/water quality model, GIS and remote sensing, (2) integrated impact assessment of EIA, traffic impact assessment, population impact assessment and disaster impact assessment. (3) development of integrated technology combining risk assessment and EIA (4) development of integrated technology of life cycle assessment and EIA, (5) development of integrated technology of spatial planning and EIA, (6) EIA technology for biodiversity towards sustainable development, (7) mathematical model and GIS based location decision techniques, and (8) environmental monitoring and audit. Furthermore, there are some fields which need packaged EIA technology. In case of dam development, urban or industrial complex development, tourist development, landfill or combustion facilities construction, electric power plant development, development of port, road/rail/air port, is necessary the standardized and packaged EIA technology which considers the common characteristics of the same kind of development project.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2002

Japanese oil companies have begun to set up a mutual support system to prepare for any large scale oil spillages due to the huge increase in size of tankers since 1973. In 1990, the Petroleum Association of Japan established the Oil Spill Response Department and has been conducting researches on management of oil spill combatting materials and the effective prevention of maritime oil disasters. Japan Coast Guard, in accordance with the regulations of the OPRC in 1995, formulated the national contingency plan and built a mutual-contact network among the related government institutions. Its Guard & Rescue Department. Disaster Prevention Section has been working for the maintenance of oil spill combatting materials and coordinating related work with private organizations. The Japanese government has been strengthening the maritime oil spillage management system since the Nakhodka wreck incident in 1997.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

In semi-transverse ventilation system applied for road tunnel, adjustment of the port opening ratio is an essential part for uniform airflow rate per unit length over the entire tunnel. However, it has not been considered decently throughout the design process and operating of the tunnel. Therefore, in this study, we developed a program for the calculation of the opening size ratio of supply or exhaust port in transverse ventilation system and carried out the research to present a management plan for the port. In supply duct system, the opening size of the port had a tendency to increase and then decrease later when it gradually becomes closer toward the bulkhead at the beginning of the duct the minimum opening degree is to appeared as 56%. In the exhaust system, port size is the smallest at the beginning of duct as 15%, has shown a tendency to increase towards the bulk head. As results of estimating the air flow rate for 300 m intervals, the exhaust flow rate in the center of tunnel appeared to be extremely low as 8.1% and 12.5% when port size is constant and is adjusted supply type. Thus, even if the normal ventilation efficiency is declines, yet it is highly recommend adjusting the port size in order to obtain a uniform flow rate at fire accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.389-390
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• 2022

Recently, Recently, the increase in international trade volume and the explosive increase in cargo volume due to the non-face-to-face society are leading to an increase in risk exposure and safety accidents in the port industry. In addition, as the Serious Disaster Punishment Act came into effect on January 27, 2021, various guidelines and laws to protect safety and life in port terminals are being enacted. However, despite these efforts, medium-to-large safety accidents in the port terminal industry continue to occur. According to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, from 2016 to 2019, the number of casualties in the port handling industry increased by 4.2%. For effective follow-up management of port accidents or the preparation of related safety laws/systems, a risk analysis in consideration of the cause and damage of the accident must be conducted first, so that realistic accident reduction and prevention measures can be established. Therefore, in this study, major risk factors and preventive measures were derived by conducting risk assessment based on 1,039 cases of port terminal accidents collected by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency for 5 years from 2016 to 2022. After that, the priorities for preventive measures were determined through IPA analysis, Borich needs analysis, and The Locus For Focus analysis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.785-795
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• 2008

The swell is a major cause of interruption for the activity in a port and the ship navigation in coastal waters, coastal geographical changes, and the disaster with a loss of lives. However, many researches about the observation and the prediction of swells have not been conducted actively due to the difficulties to collect and synthesize the massive amount of long term field data for waves and meteorological information. In this study, the internet-based realtime monitoring system(Fieldbox) was developed to collect the wave data. The characteristics and main components of swells occurred in Korea were analyzed using wave data observed through the Fieldbox and the meteorological data collected by the KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) and NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration). The characteristics of the swell generation patterns were analyzed using the monthly data of the Kwangan Tower between 2004 and 2006 to estimate the specific features such as sources and locations of swells generated in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.375-388
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• 2017

In order to solve the traffic congest and environmental issues, small-cross section tunnel for small car only is increasing, but there is not standard for installation of disaster prevention facility. In this study, in order to investigate the behavioral characteristics of thermal environment and smoke in a small cross section tunnels with a large port exhaust ventilation system, the A86, the U-Smartway and the Seobu moterawy tunnel, Temperature and CO concentration in case of fire according to cross sectional area, heat release rate and exhaust air flow rate were analyzed by numerical analysis and the results were as follows. As the cross-sectional area of the tunnel decreases, the temperature of the fire zone increases and the rate of temperature rise is not significantly affected by heat release rate. However, there is a difference depending on the change of the exhaust air flow rate. In the case of applying the exhaust air flow rate $Q_3+2.5Ar$ of the large port exhaust ventilation system, the temperature of the fire zone was 7.1 times for A86 ($Ar=25.3m^2$) and 5.4 time for U-smartway ($Ar=37.32m^2$) by Seobu moterway tunnel ($Ar=46.67m^2$). The CO concentration of fire zone also showed the same tendency. The A86 tunnels were 10.7 times and the U-Smartways were 9.5 times more than the Seobu moterway. Therefore, in the case of a small section tunnel, the thermal environment and noxious gas concentration due to the reduction of the cross-sectional area are expected to increase significantly more than the cross-sectional reduction rate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2011

During the past decade, the performance-based design method of caisson breakwaters has been developed, which allows a certain damage while maintaining the function of the structure. However, the existing method does not consider the changing coastal environment due to climate change impacts so that the stability of the structure is not guaranteed over the lifetime of the structure. In this paper, a time-dependent performance-based design method is developed, which is able to estimate the expected sliding distance and the probability of failure of a caisson breakwater considering the influence of sea level rise and wave height increase due to climate change. Especially, time-dependent probability of failure is calculated by considering the sea level rise and wave height increase as a function of time. The developed method was applied to the East Breakwater of the Hitachinaka Port which is located on the east coast of Japan. It was shown that the influence of wave height increase is much greater than that of sea level rise, because the magnitude of sea level rise is negligibly small compared with the water depth at the breakwater site. Moreover, investigation was made for the change of caisson width due to climate change impacts, which is the main concern of harbor engineers. The longer the structure lifetime, the greater was the increase of caisson width. The required increase of caisson width of the Hitachinaka breakwater whose width is 22 m at present was about 0.5 m and 1.5 m respectively for parabolic and linear wave height increase due to climate change.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.917-930
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• 2018

A quantitative risk assessment method for quantitatively evaluating the fire risk in designing a road tunnel disaster prevention facilities has been introduced to evaluate the appropriateness of a disaster prevention facility in a large tunnel through which all vehicle types pass. However, since the quantitative risk assessment method of the developed can be applied only to the large sectional area tunnels (large tunnels), it is necessary to develop a quantitative risk assessment method for road tunnels passing only small cars which has recently been constructed or planned. In this study, fire accidents scenarios and quantitative risk assesment method for small road tunnels through small cars only which is based on the methods for existing road tunnels (large tunnels). And the risk according to the distance between cross passage is evaluated. As a result, in order to satisfy the societal risk assessment criteria, the distance of the appropriate distance between cross passages was estimated to be 200 m, and the effect of the ventilation system of the large port exhaust ventilation system was quantitatively analyzed by comparing the longitudinal ventilation system.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.887-895
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• 2019

Recently, the number of underground road development projects has been increasing to solve traffic problems in the national capital region and metropolitan areas with intensified overcrowding, and there has been a tendency to plan underground roads by applying a double-deck tunnel technology that has advantages in constructability and economical efficiency. The double-deck tunnel has a structure where one excavation section is divided into two parts and used as up and down lines, and is mainly used as a road for small vehicles only due to its low floor height. In addition, due to the small cross-sectional area, it has characteristics different from those of general road tunnels in terms of ventilation and disaster prevention. In this regard, this study proposed an operational plan that applies an oversized exhaust system, which is one of semi-transverse ventilation systems, to small cross-sectional tunnels like double-deck tunnel with low floor height, and a comparative analysis between smoke exhaust characteristics according to the fire occurrence locations and oversized exhaust systems was conducted using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The results showed that unlike uniform exhaust, intensive smoke exhaust using the oversized exhaust port maximized the delay effect of smoke diffusion and limited the smoke within 50 m above and below the fire point.