• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2022

During the Japanese colonial period, Japan exploited the entire Korean Peninsula and targeted not only cities but also rural areas. The exploitation of rural area was accelerated with the support of Oriental colonization Company and The countryside was a living scene of direct exploitation. However, most of the research was concentrated in representative port cities such as Kunsan, which transports logistics such as rice and grains. There was insufficient research on how Japanese entered the country, how Korean were plundered, and the rural villages that were the target of exploitation. The contents of hi-exploitation were also historical and historical humanities such as colonial land ownership and farm management, and the spatial structure of the existing traditional villages were insufficiently investigated. Hwaho-ri, Shin Taein-eup, Jeollabuk-do, centered on Yongseo Village, there are many traces of farm houses, hospitals, employee residences, schools, churches, and Oriental colonization Company This study aims to study what changes traditional rural villages have brought by the Japanese colonial rule, centering on Hwaho-ri Village.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.504-509
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• 2011

Recently, construction projects are very complicated and diverse such as high-rise buildings and big bridges, etc. These complicated projects call for a system which can effectively generate productive ideas and activities. Value Engineering (V.E.) activity within construction projects is a necessity for systematic design management and to improve construction ability. This need in the construction industry has required a regular implementation of VE into construction projects. For this reason; America, South Korea, and some other nations have adopted VE applications which control the baseline investments of the construction projects. The process of VE activity is a preferred system and a reasonable alternative. In particular, idea generation within these projects is an important stage in the VE job plan. In this study, VE idea patterns are extracted through best practice analysis from VE cases of road construction projects. Next, we suggest an idea hierarchy model to be used in conjunction with VE idea patterns. This model is supported by reasonable idea generation in VE activity of construction projects. Finally, this model could possibly be the outcome of successful VE results.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2007

The main purpose of this paper is to manage the container property effectively at the container yard by applying the RTLS technology to the field of port logistics. Yet, many kinds of noises happen to be inputted with the distance value(between the reader and the tag) which is to be inputted into the location identification algorithm, which makes the distance value jumped due to the system noise of the ultrasonic sensor module and the measurement noise. The Kalman Filter is widely used to prevent this jump occurrence; the noises are eliminated by using the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) while considering that the distance information of the ultrasonic sensor is non-linear. Also, the 3D RTLS system at the port container yard suggested in this research is designed not to be interrupted for its ultrasonic transmission by positioning the antenna at the front of each sector of the container where the active tags are installed. We positioned the readers, which function as antennas for location identification, to four places randomly in the absolute coordinate and let the positions of the active tags identified by using the distance data delivered from the active tags. For the location identification algorithm used in this paper, the triangulation measurement that is most used in general is applied and newly reorganized to calculate the position of the container. In the first experiment, we dealt with the error resulting in the angle and the distance of the ultrasonic sensor module, which is the most important in the hardware performance; in the second, we evaluated the performance of the location identification algorithm, which is the most important in the software performance, and tested the noise cancellation effects for the EKF. According to the experiment result, the ultrasonic sensor showed an average of 3 to 5cm error up to $45^{\circ}$ in case of $60^{\circ}$ or more, non-reliable linear distances were obtained. In addition, the evaluation of the algorithm performance showed an average of $4^{\circ}{\sim}5^{\circ}$ error due to the error of the linear distance-this error is negligible for most container location identifications. Lastly, the experiment results of noise cancellation and jump preservation by using the EKF showed that noises were removed in the distance information which was entered from the input of the ultrasonic sensor and as a result, only signal was extracted; thus, jumps were able to be removed and the exact distance information between the ultrasonic sensors could be obtained.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

Many of previous studies suggested that working capital management is an important component of firm's financial decision and efficient working capital management affects firms' profitability and it's value. Recently, Korean shipping firms have been suffering from financial distress by recession of shipping economy. In this point of view, this study tries to investigate the relationship between working capital management and shipping firm's profitability, using panel data on 46 Korean shipping firms for the period of 2004-2013. As result of panel regression, it proved that average payment period, inventory turnover, cash conversion cycle and operating cycle are significantly associated with firms profitabilities such as profit margin ratio and operating profit ratio, and the manager of shipping firm can increase firms profitability by more efficient working capital management. There are strong positive relationships between average payment period and operating cycle and firm's profitability. These results suggest that managers can create firm's value by increasing average payment period and operating cycle. Otherwise inventory turnover and cash conversion cycle have negative relationships with firm's profitability. It means that managers can increase firm's profitability by reducing these variables.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.451-458
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• 2016

Since Modigliani and Miller developed their theory of capital structure in 1958, it has become one of the most debated issues in corporate management. This is because the capital structure decision necessarily affects financial risk and the firm's value. Throughout the research, one of the most concerning problems is determining what factors influence the firm's capital structure. Since Korean shipping firms have been suffering from a long term economic recession, an optimal capital structure has become increasingly critical to survive in the shipping industry. This paper studies panel data on 46 Korean shipping companies since 2000 to find the factors that affect capital structure. The results suggest that a negative relationship arises between firm size, tangible assets, profitability and non-debt tax shields against leverage. Otherwise, it proved that growth opportunity has a positive relationship with the firm's leverage. In the research model during a booming shipping economy, growth opportunity and non-debt tax shield are not associated with firm's capital structure.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.107-114
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• 2016

Purpose - Loading can decrease the productivity due to the possibility of carrying out with the opposite order of storage in container terminal. When the container is to be taken out, it is needed to move the container stacked upon the container to be carried out to other place temporarily. It is called as rehandling. Remarshalling, with the loading plan, is the arranging the containers before the ship arrives in order to avoid the rehandling during the carrying out. The present study tried to find out the factors affecting the efficiency when building the remarshalling plan with the utilization of neighboring storage space as a outer slot, and analyzed the efficiency of several remarshalling algorithms with the combination of those factors. Research design, data and methodology - The present study used, when the remarshalling plan is prepared for utilizing the outer slot, the simulation methods in order to compare the efficiency of the remarshalling algorithms which made with the factors affecting the efficiency. The factors affecting the efficiency are the method of making the child node, method of arrangement, and possibility of application of FIX. In order to analyze the affecting factors on the efficiency, several algorithms are prepared with the combination of production of the child node and the arrangement method with the availability of FIX application. With this algorithm, the effect of the factors on the efficiency after building up of remarshalling plan with the target on the bay with 10 rows, 8 columns, and 10 indices. Results - The method of rearrangement and making of a child node as the factor affecting the efficiency of remarshalling utilization of the outer bay were studied. It is efficient to combine the method of making a child node with MCS in order to reduce the number of moving the containers. For reducing the time in carrying out, it was found that all arrangement methods should be combined with RCS for the efficiency. The result of experiment shows the application of FIX with good result in case of succession ratio. In addition, when FIX was not applied, all of the most combinations resulted in short time in remarshalling. As a result, it can be concluded that the algorithm with proper combination of making the child node and the arrangement can increase the job efficiency based on the importance. Conclusion - The present study suggested and analyzed the algorithms with the combination of the arrangement method, the making of child node, and FIX. It is needed to develop the algorithm to judge the possibility whether the best remarshalling plan can be built or not within the bay in order to find a better method between the two cases such as within the bay and outer the bay. As a method for extending the study on the factors affecting the efficiency, it is possible to find out the way to build the remarshalling plan within the permitted time under any storage situation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.119-134
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• 2013

Korea has established the MOMAF (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries) in 1996 while only a few countries have adopted the unified management system for the area of maritime, oceans and fisheries affairs. The Ministry has been broken up to three parts of maritime affairs, oceans and fisheries and allocated to each related ministries in 2008, and reorganized as the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries including maritime affairs in 2013. However, the newly established MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries) has been evaluated as simply duplicated the former organization so as not to meet the oceanic environmental changes. This paper aims to suggest the appropriated organizational reinforcements measures on the basis of analysis of questionnaire survey which has been conducted targeting experts such as academic researchers and industry field players in the area of oceans, maritime and fisheries. The survey pointed out mainly five scopes such as (1) transferring the administrative task of shipbuilding and plant industries from the existing Ministry to the MOF, (2) reinforcing the structural functions of maritime, port construction and logistics affairs, (3) collaboration system with related Ministries for the ocean sovereignty, (4) securing the financial support system for the maritime industries, (5) transferring the management authority of maritime and ocean universities from the existing Ministry to the MOF. Looking back on the interministerial interest conflicts, it is very difficult to agree on the transfer of the existing task of above first and fifth suggestions. But the remain three suggestions could be done with interior abilities of the MOF by means of structural changes and professional manpower supplement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.123-132
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• 2017

In order to identify the factor and effect of shippers' inland transportation decision in North China and the Republic of Korea, the determinants of shipping liners, shippers and forwarders when selecting ports were extracted through previous studies and then analyzed using factor analysis and Fuzzy-AHP. As a result of analyzing the importance between groups, it can be found that while logistics costs at port and accessibility to hinterland are the most important factors for shipping liners, shippers and forwarders. Transportation cost by feeder is the most important sub factors for shipping liners. Inland transportation cost is the most important sub factors for shippers and forwarders. Through this study, it was recognized that one of the biggest concerns of shippers was reduction of inland transportation cost In addition, it was confirmed that the main factor of shifting the decision of the port selection from the shipping liners to the shipper is the reduction of inland transportation cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.441-449
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to present the improvement measure of lagging behind coastal shipping system to be a logistic hub-nation with a competitive edge. For this purpose, this research tries to find out major northeast asia environment factors and accordingly the effects of its. The effects of coastal shipping system's development strategy is analysed by structural equation model and multiple regression model. Research results show that three types of coastal shipping developing strategy(connected transportation system, structure of coastal shipping system, governmental support policy) will contribute much to be logistic hub-nation. The contribution effects is increasing cargo from strengthened feeder transport system and maximizing logistic service &minimizing logistic costs. From the result, some implications are derived as follow. First, familiar environmental balanced ocean-coastal transport system is required. Second the one-stop logistic service system is necessary to build excusive feeder port, and to establish Ro-Ro ship & high-speed ship, etc.. Third, governmental support policy and subsidy(tax exempted oil & various tax benefits) are required to bring up lagging behind coastal shipping system to be a logistic hub-nation with a competitive edge.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2017

Earnings management is defined as an intentional act during the financial reporting process or a manager's choice of accounting policies to avoid earnings decreases or obtain some private gains. Shipping firms have a highly debt-intensive capital structure and a significant motivation in earnings management to avoid failure of a Debt Covenant. From this point of views, this paper tries to determine the relationship between the capital structure and discretionary accruals estimated using the re-modified Jones model (1995). The sample used to test the research models is made up of 87 Korean shipping firms during the period from 2007 to 2015. A histogram analysis, t-test and FGLS confirm the possibility of using earnings management, and it proved that Korean shipping firms manage their earnings to avoid financial loss. An analysis of the relationship between the capital structure and earning managements, shows it is difficult to support the Debt Covenant, shown as a negative relationship between the debt ratio and debt maturity as shipping firms' capital structure and discretionary accruals as earning management variable. An additional analysis presents a negative relationship between previous debt maturity and discretionary accruals, and the possibility of earning management in a highly increased debt ration group.