• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2007

본 연구는 올리브유 및 대두유의 첨가가 돼지 분쇄육의 냉장 중 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 냉장 중 색깔, 보수력, 가열감량, 두께의 증가율, 직경의 감소율, pH, VBV함량 및 TBARS값을 측정하였다. 저장 중 $L^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값의 변화는 없었으나, 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄육의 $L^{\ast}$, $a^{\ast}$ 및 $b^{\ast}$값이 올리브유나 대두유를 첨가한 것보다 높았다. 보수력은 저장 중 증가하는 경향이었으며, GP-P의 보수력이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았다. 그리고 가열감량은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 두께의 증가는 저장 중 높아졌고, 직경의 감소는 저장 중 낮아지는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 그리고 GP-P의 두께 증가율 및 직경 감소율이 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 더 컸다(p<0.05). pH는 저장 5일째 감소하였다가 그 후 저장말기까지 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분쇄육의 VBN함량은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 함량이 높았다(p<0.05). TBARS값은 저장 중 증가하였으며, GP-P가 가장 높고, GP-O가 가장 낮았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1998

This study was carried out investigate hygienic conditions of domestic packing plant for export and the shelf-life by Japanese standards. vacuum packaged chilled port loins provided by five packers(A, B, C, D and E) were transported to Japan in the same condition, Four packers(A, B, C adn d) produced the samples as hygienic as possible and one packer produced loins in the traditional hygienic condition, In TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) test all samples showed the negative reaction from the date of the quarantine(14 days after slaughtering) to 50 days The numbers of total plate count(TPC) of A, B, C and D packers that were below 108CFU/g until 50 days were accepted by Japanese Standards but TPC of E packer was over 107CFU/g at 30 days. VBN values increased sig-nificantly(P<0.01) in samples of A,B and D packers in the samples of C packer and E packer at 5% and 0.1% level respectively. The pH values of the vacuum packaged chilled pork for export at 14 days after slaughtering were 5.43∼6.00 In sensory evaluation, A, B, C and D packers which improved hygi-enic condition produced the products with good color and appearance. low drip until 40 days storage at $0^{\circ}C$ But as the storage time increase off-flavor occured at 40days in A and D packer and at 50days in B and C packer. In conclusion according to the above results of microbiological physicochemical and sensory evalution the edible periods of Korean vacuum package chilled porks may be estimated to 40∼50 days for the packers who improved hygienic condition and the shelf lives were calculated as 32∼40 days from edible period by a factor of 0.8(safety coefficient) while that of the pork from E packer which was produced in the traditional hygienic condition was estimated to 30 days after slaughtering at $0^{\circ}C$ Therefore the shelf-life of the pork of E packer would be only 24 days.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.823-828
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the released water (RW) method for measuring water-holding capacity (WHC) by pressure and filter-paper absorption within two thin plastic films. One hundred fifty pork loins with considerable variations in WHC (three pork qualities: PSE, pale, soft, and exudative; RFN, reddish-pink, firm, and nonexudative; and DFD, dark, firm, and dry; 50 pork loins in each pork quality group) were used to measure drip loss (DL)% and RW % after applying different loads (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 kg). Percentages of DL and RW were significantly (p<0.05) different among pork quality groups. The RW % of 2.5 kg load sample was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of 2.0 kg or 1.5 kg load sample. However, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in RW % among 2.5 kg, 3.0 kg, and 3.5 kg load samples for all three pork quality groups. The RW % was highly and positively correlated (r>0.95; p<0.001) with DL %. The highest correlation was observed between DL % and RW % of 2.5 kg load sample (r=0.97; p<0.001). Among all RW loads within each quality groups, the highest correlation between DL % and RW % was observed for 2.5 kg load sample (r=0.43, 0.66, and 0.46 for PSE, RFN and DFD quality groups, respectively, p<0.001). These results imply that applying 2.5 kg load is the best for determination of RW %. It is recommended as a reference method to assess DL % of pork muscles.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of pressure-mediated protein changes on the ice nucleation temperature of pork loins. To variate chemical state of meat proteins, pork loin was pressurized at varying pressure levels (100-500 MPa) for 3 min, and moisture content, expressible moisture (EM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Although, all treatments showed similar moisture content, EM and degree of protein unfolding of pork loin showed different features as of 300 MPa. At moderate pressure treatments (100-200 MPa), all protein fractions were detected in DSC experiments, and pork loin had lower EM than control (p<0.05). Meanwhile, myosin and actin of pork loin treated at greater than 300 MPa were completely unfolded, and the treatments showed high EM compared to control (p<0.05). Unfolding of meat proteins was a factor suppressing ice nucleation, and the ice nucleation temperature tended to decrease with increasing applied pressure level. The ice nucleation characteristics of pressurized pork loin exhibited a potential application in freezing storage of pressurized meat with less tissue damage comparing to freeze fresh meat, and further exploration regarding the quality change after freezing of fresh and pressurized meat was warranted.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2009

화분발효물(FPE)을 함유하는 Gelidium corneum - 젤라틴(GCG) 필름을 제조하여 돈육의 포장재로 사용하였다. FPE를 첨가한 GCG필름의 투습계수는 대조구 필름 보다 향상되었고 FPE 첨가 농도가 증가함에 따라 Escherichia coli O157:H7와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 항균효과는 증가하였다. 특히, 0.15% FPE 첨가는 E. coli O157:H7와 L. monocytogenes에 대해 대조구 대비 각각 2.98 and 3.68 Log CFU/g 감소시켰다. 또한 돈육 시료를 E. coli O157:H7 와 L. monocytogenes로 접종시킨 후 GCG 필름으로 포장한 후 저장 중 미생물 수의 변화를 측정한 결과, 0.15% 화분발효물이 첨가한 GCG 필름으로 포장 시 E. coli O157:H7와 L. monocytogenes 숫자가 저장 4일 후 대조구 대비 각각 1.49, 1.01 Log CFU/g 더 감소시켰다. 이러한 연구 결과는 0.15% 화분발효물이 첨가한 GCG 필름으로 포장한 돈육의 유통기한이 증대될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2023

This study investigated the predictability of cooking loss of pork loin through relatively easy and quick measurable quality properties. The pH, color, moisture, protein content, and cooking loss of 100 pork loins were measured. The explanatory variables included in all linear regression models with an adjust-r² value of ≥0.5 were pH and the protein content. In the linear regression model predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.7, with pH, CIE L^*, CIE b^*, moisture, and protein content as the explanatory variables. In 30 pork loins, electrical conductivity was additionally measured, and as a result of linear regression analysis for predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.646 with electrical conductivity measured at 40 Hz, with pH and color as the explanatory variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the three grades (low, middle, and high) of loin cooking loss using pH, color, and 40 Hz electrical conductivity as the explanatory variables, and the percent concordance was 93.8%. In conclusion, the addition of electrical conductivity as an explanatory variable did not increase the prediction accuracy of the linear regression model for predicting cooking loss; however, it was demonstrated that it is possible to predict and classify the cooking loss grade of pork loin through quality properties that can be measured quickly and easily.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.898-904
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• 2006

Effects of sodium bicarbonate (SBC) injection on meat quality and functionality of porcine M. longissimus lumborum were investigated. Fifteen pigs ($100{\pm}5kg$) were randomly selected at a commercial slaughter plant. After slaughtering the loins were dissected from the carcass before chilling at approximately 30 minutes post mortem. The loins were divided into four cuts for sample treatment, and SBC of 0.25 M, 0.40 M and 0.75 M was injected (2% w/w) using a syringe. As SBC injection level was increased, muscle pH increased significantly (p<0.05). SBC injection decreased lightness ($L^*$) values on the surface of muscle. Moreover, with injection of SBC, drip loss %, cooking loss % and shear force were significantly (p<0.05) decreased, whereas WHC and $Na^+$ content were significantly (p<0.05) increased. From panel testing of uncooked pork loin, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in aroma, off-flavor and drip between injection of SBC at different levels and the control, although color and acceptability were significantly lower (p<0.05) in control pork loin compare with injection of SBC at 0.75 M. In cooked pork loin from the panel test, aroma, flavour, off-flavour and juiciness were found to be similar (p>0.05) on all treatments, but tenderness and acceptability were significantly higher (p<0.05) with injection of SBC at 0.75 M than for control loin. Myofibrillar protein solubility of muscles treated with SBC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control, although no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in sarcoplasmic protein solubility between the treatments. These results indicated that SBC injection into pre-rigor porcine M. longissimus lumborum could improve ultimate pork quality characteristics such as meat color, water-holding capacity, and could inhibit muscle protein denaturation due to an increase in muscle pH.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was investigated to determine whether it was an effective binding agent for the processing of low-quality pork loins. MTGase especially promoted the coagulation of myosin heavy chain (MHC). However, the effect of MTGase on MHC from low-quality meat was less than that from the normal meat when the reaction time was not enough. The breaking strength of the heat-induced gel made of myosin B from low-quality meat with MTGase was lower than that of normal meat. Sausage made with low-quality meat with MTGase did not exhibit improved hardness, as compared to that made with normal meat. Results of this study indicated that use of low-quality meat in the manufacture of sausage was feasible to get textural property equal to that of normal meat sausage, when a half or more of the raw material was normal meat and MTGase was used in the sausage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2002

도축 후 돈육의 육질평가에 있어 중요한 요인인 사후 24시간 pH를 측정하여 pH가 5.31-5.50, 5.51-5.70, $\geq$5.71에 따른 육질을 조사한 결과, 사후 pH가 더 낮을수록 단백질 함량이 높고, 지방 함량이 낮았다(P$<$0.05). 사후 24시간 pH가 높을수록 보수력은 증가하였으며, 가열감량과 육즙감량은 유의적으로(P$<$0.05) 감소하였다. 육의 경도, 탄력성, 씹힘성과 지방경도 역시 사후 24시간 pH가 높을수록 유의적인 증가를 보였다(P$<$0.05). 육색특성 중 CIE L*값은 사후 24시간 pH가 낮을수록 유의적으로 높았으며, a*와 b*값, chroma 값은 최종 pH가 5.71 이상의 돈육에서 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P$<$0.05). Hue 값은 pH 5.31-5.70 범위에서 가장 높았으며, $\Delta$E 값도 pH 5.31-5.50에서 가장 높았다. 관능적 특성의 분석결과, 다즙성과 연도는 최종 pH가 높을수록 향상되었으나, 향미는 최종 pH 범위에 따른 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구결과, 도축 후 24시간 돈육의 pH 범위에 따라 육질의 차이를 보이기 때문에 사후 적정 pH를 유지할 수 있도록 도축전 관리, 도축방법, 도축 후 냉각 온도관리 등을 개선하는 것이 고품질 돈육생산에 있어 중요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2004

80두의 3원교잡종 돼지를 이용하여, 40일간 글라이신 베타인이 함유된 시험사료를 급여한 후 도축하여 글라이신 베타인 급여가 돈육 등심의 품질에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 돈육 등심내 글라이신 베타인의 축적율은 글라이신 베타인의 급여량이 높을수록 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 0.4% 글라이신 베타인 급여구는 저장기간의 증가에 따라 등심육의 pH가 유의적으로 (P<0.05) 증가하였으며, 저장 13일에는 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 대조구에 비교해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높은 pH를 나타내었다. 글라이신 베타인 급여 수준에 의한 명도값$(L^*)$은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 적색도$(a^*)$ 또한 글라이신 베타인의 급여에 의한 주목할만한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 황색도 $b^*$는 저장 9일에 0.4%와 0.6% 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 대조구와 0.2% 글라이신 베타인 급여구에 비교해 유의적으로 (P<0.05) 낮게 냐타났다. 또한 저장 13일에는 0.6% 급여구가 가장 낮은(P<0.05) 황색도 값을 나타내었다. 글라이신 베타인 급여에 의한 전단력 차이에서는 글라이신 베타언급여구가 대조구에 비교해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높은 전단가를 나타내었다. 또한 저장 9일까지는 0.4% 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 가장 높은(P<0.05) 전단력을 나타내었으며, 저장 13일에는 0.2% 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 유의적으로(P<0.05) 가장 높은 전단력을 나타내었다. 근절의 길이의 변화를 보면 0.6% 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 전 저장기간동안 기장 짧은(P<0.05) 근절길이를 냐타내었으며, 대조구의 근절길이는 전 저장기간동안 가장 길게 나타났다. 지방산패도의 변화는 저장기간이 경과할수록 모든 처리구의 지방산패도는 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가하였으나, 처리구간의 지방산패도는 전 저장기간동안 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 글라이신 베타인의 급여에 의해 불포화지방산의 함량은 감소하고 포화지방산의 함량은 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 특히 linoleic acid와 myristic acid는 글라이신 베타인의 급여수준이 높을수록 감소하는(P<0.05) 경향을 나타내었다. 신선육의 관능검사에서 육색은 저장 1일차에 글라이신 베타인 급여구가 대조구에 비교해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높게 나타났으나 저장기간이 경과한 이후에는 처리구간의 육색은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 신선육 육향과 전체적언 가호도 및 가열육 관능검사는 처려구간의 주목할만한 차이를 나타내지 않았다.