• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.642-649
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to investigate methods of applying activity-based cost to menu engineering and to examine the feasibility. A total of 6 menu items of XYZ restaurant in Seoul were selected and the ledger of September 2005 was used for menu analysis. The menu mix percent of beef sirloin steak (61.95%) and beef tenderloin steak (17.13%) were labeled as high, whereas BBQ pork ribs (4.94%), salmon fillet (2.66%), seafood platter (5.77%), and teriyaki chicken (7.56%) showed low menu mix percent. In addition, the contribution margin for BBQ pork ribs (29,000 won), salmon fillet (25,810 won), seafood platter (22,400 won), and teriyaki chicken (22,000 won) were higher than the average contribution margin (21,957 won), and those for beef sirloin steak (21,200 won) and beef tenderloin steak (21,900 won) were lower than average. When popularity and contribution margin were applied in menu engineering, BBQ pork ribs, salmon fillet, seafood platter and teriyaki chicken were classified as puzzles and beef tenderloin steak and beef sirloin steak as plowhorses. Menu engineering using popularity and operating profit, which was calculated from activity-based cost, also gave the same results, whereas the additional label for activity cost placed BBQ pork ribs and salmon fillet in the brain teaser category. Ranking analysis on variables estimating menu profitability using Spear-man's ${\rho}$ revealed that there were no significant correlation between variables, which means the estimation of menu item profitability could differ by methods of analysis. With these results, it was concluded that activity-based cost would help to establish more detailed marketing strategy for a restaurant.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2008

녹차 및 로즈마리, 세이지, 바질, 오레가노 4종의 허브를 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%씩 각각 첨가하여 제조한 돼지고기 육원전과 닭고기 육원전의 품질 특성 연구 결과, 소비자에 의한 관능 검사에서 돼지고기 육원전의 경우 향미, 맛, 조직감, 색 항목에서 무첨가군과 녹차 0.5%, 오레가노 0.5% 로즈마리 0.5% 등의 첨가군이 높은 기호도를 보였으며, 닭고기 육원전에서는 녹차 0.5%, 로즈마리 0.5%, 바질 0.5% 첨가군의 기호도 점수가 높아 각 육류와 잘 조합되는 허브를 알아낼 수 있었다. 또한, 허브 및 녹차의 첨가율이 높아질수록 기호도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 녹차는 육류의 종류에 상관없이 다른 허브보다 많은 양의 첨가가 가능함을 보여주었다. 또한, 육원전 제조 당일보다 냉장 저장 후 샘플간의 전반적인 기호도 점수 차이가 줄어드는 경향을 나타내었다. 지방 산화 실험 결과, 제조 당일 TBARS 값은 각 첨가군과 무첨가군의 차이는 유의적이지 않았으나, 첨가군에서 MDA양이 다소 낮은 경향을 보였다. 첨가군의 돼지고기 육원전 냉장 저장 시 $15{\sim}45.8%$, 닭고기는 $9.5{\sim}31.0%$ 지방 항산화 효과가 있었으며, 냉동 저장 시에는 돼지고기는 $8.4{\sim}31.7%$, 닭고기에서는 $19.0{\sim}33.0%$로 지방 산화의 억제 정도를 보였고, 첨가군이 무첨가군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 나타내며 MDA 생성량이 감소하였다. 즉, 녹차 및 허브를 첨가한 것이 제조 당일 측정보다는 저장을 함으로써 지방의 항산화 효과가 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 0.5% 각각 첨가했을 경우, 녹차와 허브의 항산화 능력에 차이가 없었으며, 녹차의 경우 다량 첨가에도 기호적 수용도가 높아, 녹차 1.5%에서 항산화능력이 가장 높았다. 녹차 첨가량과 항산화 능력은 정비례하였다. 관능검사와 지방 산화검사 결과, 돼지고기 육원전에는 녹차와 오레가노, 로즈마리의 첨가가 적합하며, 닭고기 육원전에는 녹차와 로즈마리, 바질의 첨가가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 녹차는 모든 육류에 첨가하여도 적합하였으나, 허브의 경우 육류에 따라 적합성이 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 각 육류에 맞는 녹차 및 허브를 첨가하여 풍미와 맛을 개선하면서 저장성을 높일 수 있는 우수한 육원전을 제조할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2024

본 연구는 콜리플라워 분말의 첨가가 저지방 닭가슴살 소시지에 미치는 품질 특성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 콜리플라워 분말의 첨가는 소시지 반죽의 pH를 상승시켰으며(P<0.05), 가열 감량 및 저장 감량의 총합을 감소시켰다(P<0.05). 저지방 처리군에서 첨가된 수분의 증가로 인해 낮은 경도를 나타냈으며, 저장 중 수분 손실로 인해 대조구를 제외한 모든 처리군에서 경도가 증가하였다. 콜리플라워 분말의 첨가는 저장 30일차에서 MDA 생성을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 관능평과 결과, 모든 평가항목에서 콜리플라워를 첨가한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 평가를 받았다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과, 콜리플라워 분말을 이용하여 보수력과 지질 산패도가 개선된 저지방 닭가슴살 소시지의 제조가 가능할 것으로 생각되나, 콜리플라워 분말을 첨가한 저지방 닭가슴살 소시지의 관능적 특성에 대한 소비자의 기호도가 낮기 때문에 추가적인 연구 및 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.606-611
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• 1999

ESR 기기를 이용하여 뼈를 함유한 육류의 방사선 조사 유무를 알아보았다. 닭고기, 돼지고기, 쇠고기 시료를 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 kGy로 조사한 후 살과 골수를 제거한 뼈를 건조한 다음 시료로 사용하였다. 분광은 적용 자장에 대한 흡광도의 일차미분으로 나타냈으며 Bruker Win-EPR spectrometer로 기록하였다. 실험결과 방사선 조사시료는 전형적 비대칭성 신호를 나타냄으로서 비조사 시료와 확실히 구별되었다. 방사선 조사된 닭뼈의 경우 상업적인 조사선량인 3 kGy보다 적은 1 kGy이하까지 검출이 가능하였다. 또 방사선 조사한 시료의 신호 높이는 같은 시료의 채취부위 차이보다는 시료 종류간의 차이로 인하여 높이가 달랐다. 각 시료의 조사선량에 따른 신호의 높이를 알아본 결과 쇠고기 뼈가 가장 높았으며 다음으로는 돼지고기 뼈 그리고 닭고기 뼈의 경우 제일 낮아서 동물의 크기가 클수록 크게 나타났으나 어느 경우든 조사선량에 따라 직선관계를 보임으로서 개략적인 정량도 가능하였다. 또 이들 신호의 크기는 6주간의 저장기간동안에도 변하지 않아 ESR 기기법은 빠르고 확실한, 육류의 방사선 조사 유무를 판별할 수 있는 검출법임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2021

The study aimed to evaluate pork loin quality after short-term (ten-day) storage in a supercooling refrigerator. Pork loin samples were stored for 10 days in a traditional refrigerator (control) and a commercially available supercooling refrigerator (SC). Pork quality measurements included meat pH, meat color, water holding capacity (drip loss and cooking loss), tenderness (hardness), and a sensory evaluation. Temperature changes of 0.45 ± 0.2℃ and 0.02 ± 0.25℃ occurred in the control and the SC, respectively, during 10 days of storage. The temperature in the SC chamber did not remain below freezing point, failing to meet expectations. Regarding the pork quality measurements, only the drip losses in the control and the SC were significantly different (4.45% vs. 2.59%, p < 0.01) after 10 days of storage. There were no significant differences between the two types of refrigerator in terms of the other measurements. Additionally, the overall acceptability of the pork loin did not vary significantly between the control and the SC when the sensory evaluation was performed. Therefore, a commercial SC could prove beneficial in terms of water holding capacity during the short-term storage of meat. Further research should be performed to evaluate quality changes that occur during long-term storage of meat in SC s and evaluate a wide range of meat, such as beef and chicken.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics in beef (n = 1,071), pork (n=7,837) and chicken (n=1,536) from slaughter houses in Gyeongbuk province by EEC-4 plate method, Charm II and HPLC during 2005. Residues of antibiotic were detected from 9 beef (0.8%) and 119pork (1.52%) by EEC-4 plate method, and total positive rates were 1.23% (128). 126 samples of the 128 positive samples by the EEC-4 plate method were detected by charm II test. 128 samples were classified as tetracyclines 110 (95.5%), ${\beta}$-lactam 2 (1.6%), sulfonamide 22 (17.2%), quinolone 1 (0.8%). The highest residual concentration of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlor-tetracycline, penicillin, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine and enrofloxacin were 7.57, 0.27, 0.40, 0.24, 14.24, 4.33, 8.59, 0.12, 0.09 and 1.98 ppm, respectively and 49 samples were exceeded legal admitted levels.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the increase of DPPH radical scavenging activity of meat substitute by heating. The meat substitute showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than those of other foods rich in protein such as beef, pork, chicken, and soybean curd. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of meat substitute was dependent upon concentration, heating temperature and heating time of meat substitute. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of meat substitute was enhanced with increasing heating temperature and time. The increase of DPPH radical scavenging activity was only applied to meat substitute without showing any activation in other foods rich in protein such as beef, pork, chicken, and soybean curd.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

A total of 30L monocytogenes strains from different sources including 13 strains isolated from the foreign imported meat were genotyped in order to establish their genetic relatedness and to compare them with the foreign isolates. PFGE analysis of genomic DNA showed the $11\~16$ fragments ranging in size from 38 to 504 kb. Eleven different PFGE types $(1\~11)$ were identified in the dendrogram at $75\%$ similarity, and the two major PFGE types, type 1 and 2, contained $94\%$ of domestic isolates (16/17). All isolates from domestic beef and pork carcass were grouped in each different type, however, isolates from chicken were clustered together with those from pork and beef. We also found all foreign strains were unrelated with each other, regardless of geographic criteria and that they could be differentiated from those from the domestic isolates by PFGE pattern. The PFGE pattern of one isolate from chicken wing, which the chicken meat was found to be imported from foreign country, was closely related to that of isolate from the Thailand.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.255-269
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer awareness and demand related to country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, and to provide basic data to reexamine the need for current policies and to determine problems. The study found that 70% of the respondents thought that the implemented representation policy had improved food quality, and 81.3% of the respondents checked country-of-origin labeling at restaurants. In addition, 74.7% of the respondents answered that "reward for accusation" was appropriate policy. Regarding the degree of recognition of the meat importers, the respondents were well aware of the importing countries, but did not recognize the importing country of chicken. In terms of preference for meat importers, Australian beef was rated highest, but beef from the U.S. was ranked seventh. However, in preferences for pork and chicken, U.S. products were rated highest. According to the survey, in a question regarding the perception toward country-of-origin labeling, the respondents recognized that rice, beef, pork, and chicken were the targeted items. In addition, the respondents suggested that other food ingredients at restaurants should be designated as target items for country-of-origin labeling.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1259-1259
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• 2001

Meat becomes brown and rancid during storage in the refrigerator and display in the case. Color changes, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation are the important problems in the transportation / distribution of meat and retail display. The freshness of meat is determined by the sense of vision and smell. Since conventional method determining lipid oxidation is time consuming and destructive (it needs to homogenize meat with reagents, filtrate, time for reaction and read optical density using spectroscopy), more rapid and nondestructive technical tools are desired. The objective of this work was to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy as an analytical tool for determining meat color, metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation. in beef, pork and chicken. Semitendinosus and longissimus thoracis muscles from six beef steers, biceps femoris and longissimus thoracis muscles from twelve LWD crossbred pigs, and superficial pectoral muscles from twenty-four broilers were used. About a 5-cm diameter and 1-cm thick sample (20.0g) was cut from the muscle and placed on plastic foam, over-wrapped with PVC film, and displayed under flourescent lights at 4 degrees C. during 10 days for beef and pork or 4 days for chicken. The spectra was measured by NIR systems Model 5500 Spectrophotometer using fiber optic scan at range of 400 - 1100 nm. Data were recorded at 2 nm intervals and 10 scans / 10 sec were averaged for every sample. Data obtained were saved as log 1/Re, where Re is the reflectance energy, and then mathematically transformed to second derivatives to reduce effects of differences in particle size. $L^{*}$, $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$, and metmyoglobin formation were determined by conventional spectrophotometer using the integrating sphere unit. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured for lipid oxidation. A multiple linear regression was used to find the equation which would best fit the data. The number of wavelengths used in the equation was selected based on the fewer number compared to the increasing multiple correlation and Decreasing standard error. (omitted)