• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2002

This study was performed to estimate the degree of consolidation using excess pore water pressure in the very soft ground. The final settlement prediction methods by Hyperbolic, Asaoka and Curve fitting methods from the measured settlement data were used to compare with the degree of consolidation estimated by excess pore water pressure. The dissipated excess pore water pressure during embankment construction and the peak excess pore water pressure on the completed embankment were used for the estimation of the degree of consolidation. After completion of embankment, it was concluded that the degree of consolidation estimated from dissipated excess pore water pressure was more reliable than that from the peak excess pore water pressure. And, the degree of consolidation estimated from the surface settlement was nearly the same as settlement of each layer. The degree of consolidation estimated from dissipated excess pore water pressure was a little larger than that from settlement.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2008

In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30 cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater, while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments, indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

Theoretical calculation results are presented for the enhancement of the water mass flow rate through the hydrophobic micro/nano pores in the membrane respectively on the micrometer and nanometer scales. The water-pore wall interfacial slippage is considered. When the pore diameter is critically low (less than 1.82nm), the water flow in the nanopore is non-continuum and described by the nanoscale flow equation; Otherwise, the water flow is essentially multiscale consisting of both the adsorbed boundary layer flow and the intermediate continuum water flow, and it is described by the multiscale flow equation. For no wall slippage, the calculated water flow rate through the pore is very close to the classical hydrodynamic theory calculation if the pore diameter (d) is larger than 1.0nm, however it is considerably smaller than the conventional calculation if d is less than 1.0nm because of the non-continuum effect of the water film. When the driving power loss on the pore is larger than the critical value, the wall slippage occurs, and it results in the different scales of the enhancement of the water flow rate through the pore which are strongly dependent on both the pore diameter and the driving power loss on the pore. Both the pressure drop and the critical power loss on the pore for starting the wall slippage are also strongly dependent on the pore diameter.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2008

지중터널은 대부분 지하수위 하부에 위치하므로 지하수 처리문제는 터널의 장기운영에 있어 매우 중요하다. 배수형터널의 경우 수리기능이 원활하면 라이닝에 수압이 작용하지 않으나 장기 운영으로 인해 배수시스템의 열화가 진행되면서 라이닝 배면에 설계 시 고려하지 않았던 간극수압이 작용하게 되는데, 이를 잔류수압이라 한다. 잔류수압은 피에조미터로 그 측정이 가능하나 이는 라이닝 및 배수시스템을 훼손할 염려가 있어 부적합하기 때문에 라이닝을 손상시키지 않으면서 작용수압을 평가할 수 있고, 운영 중 라이닝의 건전도 평가(health monitoring) 시 수압상태의 파악이 가능한 비파피 예측기법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이론적 및 수치해석적 방법을 사용하여 운영 중 터널에 작용하는 간극구압(잔류수압) 예측기법을 제시하였으며, 본 해석방법을 이용하면 비파괴 방법으로 라이닝에 작용하는 간극수압의 파악이 가능하다. 제안된 방법은 이론적 예측기법과 수치해석 결과인 정규화 간극수압 분포곡선과를 병용함으로써 터널 운영단계에서의 잔류수압에 대한 안정성 검토에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

지질구조의 일례를 모형화하여 3종류 시료에 대해 간극수압계를 사용하여, 가압수두와 간극비 변화에 따른 간극수압 변화측정을 60회의 실험을 통하여 실시하였다. 본 연구는 불포화 붕적토층에서 간극비와 가압수두 변화에 따른 간극수압의 변화를 기록하여 최종간극수압 VWT와 공기간극수압 Ua를 구하여 이들의 변화를 최종반응률과 공기반응률로 나타냈으며, 시료별로 투수계수와 간극비의 관계를 수식화 하였다. 실험결과 시료에 따라 간극수압 변화 형태가 계단형과 파형으로 나타났으며, 최종간극수압까지의 시간 지체는 모래, 사질실트, 점토질 모래 순이었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

In this study, an experiment with large-scale model was performed according to raising embankment in order to investigate the cause of collapse by a change in water level of reservoir. Also, the settlement and pore water pressure by high water level and a rapid drawdown were compared and analyzed. After raising embankment for inclined core, there was no infiltration by leakage. For the vertical core, the pore water pressure showed a largely change by faster infiltration of pore water than in the inclined core. In a rapid drawdown, inclined core was remained stable but vertical core showed a largely change in pore water pressure. A settlement after a raising embankment showed a larger measure of settlement than before the raising embankment. The leakage quantity before a raising embankment and an inclined extension showed no leakage. Leakage in vertical extension was measured 160 $l$. From the result, a instrument system that can accurately estimate a change of pore water pressure shall be established for a rational maintenance and stabilization of raising embankment for agricultural reservoir.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1996

본 연구는 산불 발생이 임지의 수저류 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시했다. 비산불 지역과 산화적지를 대상으로 산림토양의 수저류능을 토양공극, 최대수분량, 이용가능수량, 그리고 투수율을 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 주요 인자들의 측정에 의해서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 산화적지와 대조구에서 토성이 깊어질수록 전공극(全孔隙), 조공극(組孔隙), 이용가능 수량, 투수율은 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내고, 세공극(細孔隙)은 약간 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 대조구에 비해 산화적지에서는 투수율, 조공극량 및 이용가능수량이 낮게 나타나는 반면, 세공극량은 높게 나타났다. 그리고 산불이 발생한 직후에는 산림토양의 공극량 분포에 큰 변화가 일어나지 않지만, 시간이 경과함에 따라 산화적지의 표토 공극분포에 변화를 일으키면서 서서히 토심 20-40cm까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 토심변화에 따른 이용가능수량의 변화는 대조구에 비해 산화적지에서 상대적으로 큰 폭으로 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 이 결과로 산림의 수저류능은 산불에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.324-338
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• 2015

진행파 혹은 임의 반사율을 갖는 부분중복파 혹은 완전중복파-흐름-해저지반의 상호작용에 관한 해석해가 Lee et al.(2014; 2015a; 2015b; 2015c; 2015d) 및 Yamamoto et al.(1978)과 같은 다수의 연구자들에 의해 유도되었으며, 그들은 진동간극수압과 잔류간극수압을 별개로 취급하여 각 파동에 의한 지반응답을 논의하였다. 그러나, 실제 현장이나 실험에서 해저지반내 간극수압은 진동성분과 잔류성분이 별개로 나타나는 것이 아니고 그의 합 (전간극수압)으로 주어지기 때문에 전간극수압의 관점에서 반드시 검토될 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 진동간극수압과 잔류간극수압뿐만 아니라 전간극수압의 측면에서 파동조건, 지반조건 및 흐름조건의 변화에 따른 지반응답의 변동특성을 논의하였으며, 더불어 이에 따른 액상화의 연직깊이에서 특성변화를 검토하였다. 이로부터 진행파와 순방향의 흐름의 공존장에서는 흐름속도가 증가할수록 무차원진동간극수압이 증가하고, 무차원잔류간극수압은 감소하여 결과적으로 무차원전간극수압이 작아지며, 무차원액상화 깊이도 감소하는 등의 지반응답특성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2005

In this research, an attempt is made to derive the practical estimation of the degree of consolidation in soft clay from field measurements under embankments. For the practical estimation of pore water pressure in soft clay, the elasto-viscous rheological model was proposed, with a transform of parameters and a field geotechnical measurements in southern Korea. By using the rheological properties of soft clays and the dissipation of excess pore water pressure behaviour during step loading, a degree of consolidation or pore water pressure estimation in the future can be performed, and are shown to be generally close to the field measurements of pore water pressure. Finally, a pore water pressure behaviour in soft clay can be explained through measured data in field and the excess pore water pressure data can also be used to estimate settlement.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

The initial condition of $\Delta \sigma_3 \;=\; \Delta u$ is used for analyzing the time dependent behavior of ground. This is based on the concept that the coefficient of pore water B is the unity on the condition of saturation. but some measured consolidation data in the field showed that the pore water pressure was not dissipated as time elapsed but it was maintained constant value or it's dissipation rate was slower than that of the predicted. and so the measured data of pore water pressure was not consistent with that of settlement. In this study, the rheological model for the pore water pressure behavior on undrained condition was induced and compared with the experiment data of the literature. The result showed that the suggested model was consistent well with the result of experiment, but the suggested model could not explain the effect of the decrease of void ratio according to consolidation.