• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.523-534
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• 2023

Purpose: Intra-abdominal infection is a common postoperative complication of laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomies (PPGs). Many studies have reported that intra-abdominal infectious complications after gastrectomy adversely affect patient survival outcomes. To prevent gastric fluid leakage into the abdominal cavity, we developed a novel anastomosis method in which the stomach lumen is not opened (termed the non-opened clean end-to-end anastomosis method [NoCEAM]) and evaluated its feasibility. Materials and Methods: Subsequent to lymphadenectomy, the oral and anal resection lines were sutured using an intraoperative endoscope. After closing the stomach circumferentially with clips, the specimen was rolled outward like a "donut." We resected the specimen circumferentially using a linear stapler, and anastomosis was completed simultaneously. We examined the feasibility of this procedure ex vivo, using three porcine stomachs, and in vivo, using one pig. Subsequently, we applied the procedure to 13 consecutive patients with middle-third early gastric cancer utilizing laparotomic, laparoscopic, and robotic PPG. Results: NoCEAM was completed in all porcine models and human cases. In the human cases, the mean operation time (±standard deviation) was 279±51 minutes, and mean blood loss volume was 22±45 mL. The mean number of linear staples used was 5.06±0.76. None of the patients had complications, and all were discharged on the eighth postoperative. The serum total protein, serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels did not change significantly after surgery. Conclusions: NoCEAM is feasible and safe for performing totally laparoscopic or robotic PPG. It may reduce postoperative complications, such as intra-abdominal infections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1820-1826
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• 2007

In this study, we conducted various experiments in order to develop enhanced cultural conditions for in vitro-produced porcine embryos. All embryos were produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of immature oocytes from abattoir-derived ovaries. In experiment 1, we cultured IVF embryos in 4 different groups, namely, 0% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3% BSA, 0.05% Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 0.5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) added to the basal fluid cultural medium, Porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3). The rates of embryo development were higher in the group where the PZM-3 media had been supplemented with 3% BSA than the other groups. While not statistically significant, the percent of blastocysts and hatched blastocytes were 6.9% and 25.0% in the 3% BSA group vs. 1.2-6.4% and 0-16.7% in the other groups, respectively. In experiment 2, we added 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to PZM-3 on day 0 of culture and observed the development rate of blastocysts per day of culture from days 0 to 5. The development rate of blastocysts was higher at 15.6% on day 4 than on any other day, and was significantly higher than on day 0 or day 1 (p<0.05). The development rate of hatched blastocysts was 26.7% on day 4, and was higher than on any other day. In experiment 3, we cultured IVF embryos with different fluid culture media, grouped as 1) PZM-3+0.3% BSA (day0-day7); 2) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$day-4) PZM-3+10% FBS; 3) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$PZM-3+0.3% BSA+(day-4) FBS 10%; and 4) PZM-3+0.3% BSA+10% FBS (day0-day7). The development rates of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts were 21.5% and 53.1% in group 3, respectively, which was significantly higher than group 4 with respect to blastocyst development (5.2%, p<0.05) but not hatched blastocysts (14.3%). The total cell number (TCN) of blastocysts in group 3 was higher at $37.8{\pm}16.1$ than the other groups at $16.8{\pm}4.4$ - $30.1{\pm}10.9$; however, this was not significantly different. The results of this study showed that PZM-3 containing 0.3% BSA and supplemented with FBS during the later stage of culture on day 4 resulted in better TCNs and an increased rate of hatched blastocysts.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), fetal bovine serum (FBS) bovine serum albumin (BSA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on blastocoel formation, total cell number, apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression of porcine diploid parthenotes developing in vitro. The addition of 0.4% BSA to the culture medium enhanced the development of 2-cell stage parthenotes to the blastocysts stage (P<0.01). FBS reduced cell numbers of blastocysts (P<0.01) and increased percentage of apoptosis in the blastocysts (P<0.001). However, while BSA increased cell numbers, it did so only when EGF was present. Either agent on its own had no effect. Similarly, apoptosis in the blastocysts was not influenced by either agent on its own but was reduced when both BSA and EGF were present. Furthermore, semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that EGF enhanced the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL in the presence of 0.4% BSA but BSA and EGF alone had no effect, and EGF and/or BSA did not influence Bak gene expression in the blastocyst stage parthenotes. However FBS reduced Bcl-xL mRNA expression (P <0.05) and enhanced Bak expression. This result suggests that apoptosis related genes expression is significantly affected by supplements, which may result in alteration of apoptosis and embryo viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo production. The development rate to the 2 cell ($71.4{\sim}75.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($6.8{\sim}13.3%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVM medium were similar among treatment groups. Blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the control group (0.0mg/ml) than in the group of 1.0mg/ml supplement (20.0% vs. 0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell ($62.0{\sim}70.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($15.4{\sim}38.5%$) with different ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ concentrations in IVM medium was similar among treatment groups. The development rate to the blastocyst was significantly higher in the group of 1.0mg/ml(15.3%) than in the group of 0.5mg/ml supplement (7.6%, p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell and blastocyst stages following the first addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ in IVM medium was significantly higher in the control group (77.0% and 18.9%) and was $0{\sim}44\;hr$(77.2% and 16.9%) greater than that observed in other treatment groups (p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($68.1{\sim}74.8%$) and blastocyst stages ($9.2{\sim}12.7%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVC medium was similar among treatment groups. However, blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the group of 3.0mg/ml supplement (30.0%) than in the control group (0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($72.9{\sim}78.0%$), blastocyst ($7.1{\sim}14.2%$) and hatching stages ($33.3{\sim}38.1%$) were not different. The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($63.6{\sim}72.5%$), blastocyst ($8.4{\sim}16.1%$) and hatching stages ($18.2{\sim}37.5%$) at the different culture periods were similar among treatment groups. This study suggested that if the addition level and periods of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ addition are adjusted, it is possible to replace BSA in the in vitro porcine embryo production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal activation condition for parthenogenetic development. In order to activate oocytes at 24 hrs post onset of maturation, the oocytes were cultured $3{\sim}13{\mu}M\;Ca^{2+}$ for 5 min., $5-8{\mu}g/ml$ cytoclacin for 6 hrs, 0.5~2.0 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine(DMAP) for 3 hrs alone or combination. The activated oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 media at 5% $CO_2$, 95% air, $38^{\circ}C$. The cleavage rate after 48 hrs culture of oocytes treated with $3-13{\mu}M\;Ca^{2+}$, $5-8{\mu}g/ml$ cytoclacin and 0.5~2.0 mM DMAP for 5 min., 6 hrs and 3 hrs were 9.6%~20.0%, 0.0%~7.3% and 9.4%~21.8%, 0.0%~7.3% and 9.1%~21.8% and 0.0%~7.3%, respectively. When oocyte were treated with $10{\mu}M\;Ca^{2+}$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ cytoclacin and 2.0 mM DMAP the blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher than other group. The cleavage rate after 48 hrs culture of oocytes treated with $Ca^{2+}$ + cytoclacin, $Ca^{2+}$ + DMAP, cytoclacin + DMAP were 75.9%~93.5% and 9.7%~19.0%, respectively. When oocytes were treated with $Ca^{2+}$ followed by DMAP, the blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher than other group(p<0.05). When necleus transferred embryos co-cultured with bovine serum albumin(BSA), epithemal growth factor(EGF) and calf serum(CS), the developmental rate to blastocyst were higher than control group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2008

This study was designed to develop a method of liquid storage of boar sperm at $4^{\circ}C$ by using the modified Beltsville F5 (BF5) diluent with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Boar sperm were stored in lactose-egg yolk and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (LEN), BF5 and Golden-Pig liquid 4 (GPL4) diluents at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days and were examined for sperm viability, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The percentage of sperm viability in GPL4 diluent was higher than in LEN and BF5 diluent from 1 to 5 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The percentage of sperm viability steadily declined from 1 to 5 days of storage in the three different diluents. Sperm ATP in GPL4 diluent was higher than in LEN and BF5 diluents from 1 to 5 days of storage. Sperm ATP rapidly declined after 5 days of storage in the three different diluents. Porcine oocytes matured in vitro were inseminated with different sperm concentrations of liquid semen stored for 3 days in GPL4 diluent. The percentage of monospermic oocytes did not show any differences from 2.5 to $20{\times}10^5$ sperm/ml. However, the percentage of polyspermic oocytes in the sperm concentration of $2.5{\times}10^5$ sperm/ml was lower than in concentrations of 5, 10 and $20{\times}10^5$5 sperm/ml. The percentage of blastocysts from the cleaved oocytes at $2.5{\times}10^5/ml$ sperm concentration was significantly lower than at 5, 10 and $20{\times}10^5sperm/ml$ concentrations. In conclusion, GPL4 diluent can be stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 5 days and showed higher sperm viability and sperm ATP concentration compared with LEN and BF5 diluents. Also, we found that GPL4 diluent can be used for IVF of porcine oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.988-991
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• 1998

Plasma proteins were obtained from bloods of slaughtered bovine and porcine and analyzed by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). Serum albumin content decreased in the following order: Porcine Plasma Protein (PPP)> Bovine Plasma Protein (BPP)> Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC). Protein contents of BPP, PPP, and WPC determined by Kjeldahl method were 85.79%, 82.30%, and 84.38%, respectively. Compared to WPC, plasma proteins had higher emulsifying activity index (EAI) below 2% protein concentration and slightly lower EAI above 4% protein concentration. Plasma proteins had higher EAI in the acidic pH range and more dependence on NaCl than WPC. Also, EAI of plasma proteins with NaCl was higher in the acidic range than that of WPC. These results indicated that plasma protein can be utilized as a raw material for emulsifier.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the peptide to carrier ratio on the immune and biological functions to inhibin immunization in Hanwoo. A peptide sequence kom the alpha -subunit (19~32 peptide) of porcine inhibin was synthesized for antigen and conjugated to human serum albumin(HSA) for carrier protein. Anti-inhibin sera(AI) were produced 52 day later from rabbit after injection of inhibin-$\alpha$ -subunit peptide conjugator for antigen with the interval of 2 weeks. Immune-blotting analysis using antibody specific fur inhibin-$\alpha$ subunits revealed that the inhibin was detected at 1.0 cm bovine follicular fluid(bFF). However, each stage of corpus lutea and 0.1 cm of follicular fluid were not detected. The maximal contents of estradiol-17 $\beta$ in Hanwoo ovarian follicular fluid were detected at 2.0 cm of follicular size(diameter), but the mean total contents of these hormone decreased significantly with decreasing diameter of follicles. However, progesterone contents of follicular fluid were high at 1.0 cm of follicle. Progesterone secretion by Hanwoo granulosa cell cultured for 48 hr in vitro was significantly (p＜0.05) inhibited in 5% bFF and 5% bFF + 5% AI addition group compared with control group. Estradiol-17 $\beta$ secretion by Hanwoo granulosa cell cultured for 48 hr in vitro was significantly (p＜0.05) increased in 5% AI and 5% AI + 5% bFF addtion group compared with control group. However, the groups added 5% AI were not changed compared to control groups in progesterone and estradiol-17 $\beta$. Taken together, we suggested that inhibin in the mature FF plays a pivotal role on the biosynthesis of steroid hormone of follicular cells during follicular development.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop a serum-free, defined medium of IVM of pig oocytes. The TCM-199 with supplemented with polyvinylalcohol(PVA), polyvinylpyrrollidone(PVP) and porcine follicular fluid(pFF) were used as basal medium. The effects of the these additives on the rates of maturity and development under in-vitro fertilization and in vitro culture were examined and subsequently considered on the possibilities be sustituted for the bovine serum albumin(BSA). Maturation rate of pig oocytes in IVM media containing PVA(82.4％), pFF(89.4％) and BSA(90.0％) were significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of PVP(78.6％). Cleavage rate after IVF of PVP(64％) was significantly lower(P<0.05) than these of PVA(73％), pFF(77％) and BSA(73％) supplements. in vitro development rates to morulae and blastocyst on PVP(54％) were also significantly lower(P<0.05) than these of the supplements of PVA(63％), pFF(69％) and BSA(65％). In comparison of maturation and fertilization rates of pig oocytes in each supplements, the maturity rates of PVA(82.4％), pFF(89.4％) and BSA(90.0％) were significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of PVP(72.4％) and while, the fertilization rates of pFF(87.1％) and BSA(89.1％) were significantly higher(P<0.05) than these of PVA(78.0％) and PVP(70.6％). It may be concluded that PVA and pFF can be substituted far BSA in medium for culturing pig oocytes; however, it may be considered that PVP were limited to for BSA in the in vitro culture of the embryos.