• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.647-650
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• 2009

Using 200 porcine colon tissues, the efficiencies of three isolation methods of Campylobacter from porcine intestines were compared: Method 1, direct streaking of colon mucosa; Method 2, direct inoculation of intestinal contents with a swab; Method 3, inoculation of pre-enriched medium. A total of 460 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 178 samples (89%) by direct streaking of colon mucosa, 142 samples (71%) by direct streaking of a swab, and 94 samples (47%) by pre-enrichment of intestinal contents in Preston broth. Direct streaking of colon mucosa was superior to the other two isolation methods, in terms of rapidity and higher efficiency. When isolates were identified with various biochemical tests and PCRs specific to 16s rRNA, mapA, and ceuE, C. coli was the predominant species (87%) in porcine, whereas the rest of the isolates were identified as C. lanienae.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31.1-31.12
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• 2021

Background: Blackened intestines in slaughtered pigs have been commonly observed in China in recent years. However, no cause has been reported. Objectives: We attempted to determine whether the blackening of the pig intestine was related to an excess of copper (Cu) in their feed. Methods: In this study, we observed and collected porcine intestines in small- and large-scale pig slaughterhouses in Shandong province from May to October 2018. Twelve types of metal ions were detected in the black intestinal samples. Results: The Cu level in the intestine samples was mostly higher than the Chinese national limit for food. Further study showed that Cu supplementation in most commercial porcine feed also exceeded the national standard. An animal model (mouse) that could mimic the intestinal blackening in pigs was established. Compared to control mice, Cu accumulated in the liver and intestines of mice fed an excessive Cu level, confirming the excessive Cu in the feed may be considered the major cause of blackened porcine intestines. Microscopic examination revealed that black intestines had many particles containing Cu in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells showed degeneration and necrosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, overuse of Cu in animal feed can lead to animal poisoning and Cu accumulation in animal products. Such overuse not only harms the health of livestock but can also affect public health.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the effects of starch noodles (dangmyeon; SNs) with different starch sources and porcine intestines (PIs) with different pH on the rehydration stability of Korean blood sausage (sundae). Mungbean SN3 and PI3 (pH 9.18) showed significantly higher values of 80.69%-91.67% and 79.66%-80.98%, respectively, regardless of the drying methods (hot air, vacuum and freeze drying) (p<0.05). A number of larger pores were observed only in the cross-section of the freeze dried SN and PI through SEM. SN2 (potato starch) and PI3 (pH 9.18) showed lower expansion (⁎ΔL 6.90 mm) and higher expansion ratio (⁎ΔL 26.29 mm), respectively, after rehydration of freeze dried sample (p<0.05). From the application of SN2 (potato starch) and PI (0.5%-2.0% Na-pyrophosphate) to freeze dried sundae manufacturing, higher rehydration stability of more than 91.5% was obtained. These results suggested that potato SN and treatment of PI with Na-pyrophosphate is useful for desirable rehydration stability of freeze dried sundae.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2003

A disease with severe diarrhea occurred in a herd of one thousand, 1-week-old piglets in Chinju, Korea, and was diagnosed as porcine epidemic diarrhea by the detection of N gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) from small intestines. A PEDV, named as Chinju99, was also isolated from the intestines after two blind-passages in Vero cells supplemented with trypsin (10 ug/ml). and the biological and physicochemical properties of the isolate were characterized. The virion was roughly spherical in shape and had spike peplomers on its outer surface. The virus exhibited cytopathic effects such as rounding degeneration at initiation of infection and syncytia formation later in Vero cells. The virus was labile to 20% ether and 5% chloroform but stable in acid with pH 4-7 at $4^{\circ}C$. The infectivity of the virus was maintained at $50^{\circ}C$ for 180 min, and the buoyant density of the virus in sucrose was 1.180 g/ml. All biological and physicochemical properties of the virus were typical features of coronaviruses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2000

In an outbreak of acute porcine diarrhea in newborn piglets, an etiological study was carried out using piglets submitted in Cheju Province Institute for Livestock Promotion(Cheju Veterinary Service for the disease diagnosis). Sixteen piglets(2-7 days old) were collected from 4 farms during outbreaks of diarrhea disease(from January to April 2000). Specimens were taken after necropsy and examined by immunohistochemistry using of monoclonal antibodies for porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) virus, transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) virus, and porcine rotavirus. Immunohistochemistry showed that PED virus antigens, but both TGE virus and rota virus antigens not, were localized in the some epithelial cells of the intestines of 14 animals among 16 piglets examined. PEB virus antigens were mainly detected in the cytoplasm of enterocytes. Infected cells, which were most abundant in the villous epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum, were uncommon in the crypt, epithelial cells, the lamina propria and Peyer's patches of piglets examined. The results suggest that PED virus is one of the most prevailing agents in an outbreak of fatal diarrhea in newborn piglets on Cheju island and PED virus was need to further study to prevent this disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.805-813
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• 1994

Immunohistochemical study on the intestinal tissues obtained from the 21 pigs of the 14 terms in Korea in which the clinical and epidemiological features had indicated the possible outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) was performed using the indirect immunofluorescence test and/or the immunoperoxidase method in order to detect PED viral antigens in the infected cells of the intestines, and histopathological features were described as well. By immunohistochemical analysis, PED viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi and recognized slightly in the cells lining the colonic surface epithelium as well. Occasional fluorescence was also seen in a few intestinal crypt epithelium. On light microscopy, the piglets with PED showed marked villous atrophy and fusion, and severe enterocyte degeneration and desquamation. On the other hand, the older pigs more than 4 week old age was mild villous atrophy and fusion, severe villous epithelial cell proliferation, and moderate mononuclear cell infiltration.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

A total of 41 Salmonella (S.) strains were isolated from pigs suffered with severe watery diarrhea and were tried to identify by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Fibrinous exudate and ulceration in the large intestine were prevalent in gross observation, and variable degrees of enteritis were observed in the histology of large intestines. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses demonstrated that 41 strains were identified as S. Typhimurium (39 strains), though 2 stains were failed to identify. Further identification was performed using both direct smear and protein extraction method by MALDI-TOF MS analyses. In terms of extraction methods, 100% (41/41) of isolates were identified to species level of S. spp. Whereas only 43.9% (18/41) were identified to species level using the direct method. These results thus suggest that rapid and accurate diagnosis of porcine salmonellosis can be guaranteed by MALDI-TOF MS combined with protein extraction method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2006

In the present study, methods of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were evaluated for the rapid detection and differentiation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) and rotavirus in piglets suffering from diarrhea. For the purposes, the PCR conditions were first confirmed for the amplification of VP7 gene of rotavirus and N gene of TGEV and PEDV using each specific primers and their annealing temperature. Multiplex RT-PCR methods were further determined to distinguish these viral infections and the results are as follows. For the specific amplification of these viral genes, the reliable PCR condition was determined as 30 cycles of reaction consisting each 1 min of denature at $94^{\circ}C$, annealing at $42^{\circ}C$ and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$ with 1.0 mM $MgCl_2$. It was able to differentiate these viral infections in the intestines and feces of piglets suffering from diarrhea by duplex PCR for TGEV and PEDV and single PCR for rotavirus with a primer-annealing temperature of $42^{\circ}C$. When the multiplex RT-PCR were undertaken for the field samples, 17 cases of PEDV and 5 cases of rotavirus infections were differential diagnosed in a total of 92 samples of intestines and feces of the piglets with diarrhea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a subsequent infection of PCV2 on piglets with PEDV. The results obtained were as follows: Antibodies against PCV2 and PEDV were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72h postinfection. And the antibody titers of alone infections with PEDV were gradually reduced and increased from 60 hpi to 72 hpi. Whereas, the antibody titers of dual infections with PCV2 and PEDV were gradually reduced all the time. PEDV antigens were detected at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hpi, being seen almost exclusively in feces and small intestines from PEDV-infected piglets and PCV2-coinfected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and jejunum tissues by RT-PCR were 94.9% and 91.1% in dual infections and 87.1% and 83.6% in alone infections with PEDV, respectively. In dual infected piglets, significantly more PEDV antigens were detected in the feces and small intestines tissues at 24 hpi (P<0.05) than in the same feces and tissues of the alone infected piglets. Thereafter, at 72 hpi significantly more PEDV antigens (P<0.05) was detected in the jejunal tissues of the dual infected piglets with than of alone PEDV-infected piglets. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum by IFA were 91.3%, 91.3% and 83.3% in dual infected piglets and 75.0%, 83% and 75% in alone infected piglets, respectively. Intense and specific fluorescence signals were more often seen within jejunal villous enterocytes in dual infected piglets than alone infected piglets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to potective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Serum antibody titers against PEDV were examined by serum neutralization (SN) test, dectection for PEDV or PEDV antigen from feces and small intestines was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunoflurescence (IFA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The piglets administered the PEDV antiserum showed higher antibody titers than those of control group and sustained during the experimental period. 2. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and small intestines by RT-PCR were 26.2% and 16.7% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 48.1 % and 75.0% in control group, respectively. 3. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the small intestine by IFA were 0% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 50.0% in control group, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of antiserum against PEDV to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection.