• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2019

Recently, the city development policies are being switched to the policies focusing on recession worldwide. Even though South Korea is also facing the phenomena that small and medium-sized cities are downsized because of a decrease in population and an aging society problem, there is lack of solutions and even they are still planning city development policies based on prospect of high growth. This study is featuring 4 viewpoints depending on shrinking population trend in 7 small and medium sized local cities, which are chosen as downsized cities. It is dealing with population peak, current population, 2030 population, and 2040 population viewpoints. And this study uses downsizing simulation that suggests optimum area that fits population and then shows visual check of the status of the small and medium sized local cities. The area of the small and medium sized local cities are expanded more than needs when they are on population peak point. However, they need only 20% to 25% of current area in 2030 and 2040. The most important thing is realizing the seriousness and facing up to the 'shrinking' phenomena that each small and medium-sized cities suffer. Therefore, this study has significance for presenting the status of small and medium-sized cities' problems in South Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-77
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• 1979

The purpose of this study is to explain the increasing trend of the aged population and its demographic characteristics. This study is based on the data for the aged population above 65 years old published by the Bureau of Statistics, Economic Planning Board. The increasing trend of the aged population has been analyzed and projected from 1955 to the year 2000. Some demographic charicteristics of the aged population including marital status, educational status and status of economic activities have also been analyzed in order to identify the problems associated with aging of population in Korea. The study offers the following conclusion. 1. The aged population index, the proportion of aged population to total population was 3.6 in 1975 and projected to be 6.6 in 2000. There has been steady increase of the aged population is reflected in changes of population structure. The proportional change of the aged population index was 100.0 in 1955, 109.0 in 1975 and 200.0 in 2000 respectively. 2. As for marital status of the aged population 77.6 per cent of male were married while 24.3 per cent of female were married in 1975. 22 per cent of male were widowed while it spouses died declined remarkable the mortality rate declined. 3. As the educational status of the aged, 77 per cent never attended school and 18 per cent attended from a primary school. This is very low and the number of educated men is higher than that of educated women. The rank ordering of schooling is city, Eub and Myeon in that aged. 4. The dependency ratio of the aged population was 5.9 in 1955, 6.1 in 1975 and will be 9.8 in 2000. It is gradually increasing as indicated above 20 per cent of aged population was economically active of these, they are employed in the following occupations as listed in order of the magnitude of the aged population employed. The employment status of the aged workers shows that a greater number of persons are self-employed than workers for another employer. In particular, temporary employees comprise 56.0 per cent of those employed.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.5-31
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• 2012

This paper aims at investigating the dynamics between aging population and local finance. In recent years, the aging rate has been accelerating the pace. The trend implies that Korea is moving towards the aging society, presumably, with unprecedented speed in the world. Aging society's biggest problems are centered around the explosive growth of the financial needs. In particular, these problems are apt to appear more seriously in local governments, as most of them are confronted with high level of aging population and poor financial bases. Firstly, it analyzes how the population structure in the local government impacts local finance, income and expenditure. Based upon in-depth literature reviews, this study examines variables related to aging population and local fiance. Secondly, it focuses on a series of positive and negative feedback loops which would reveal the essence of the mutual interaction structure between aging population and local governments' fiscal behaviors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2009

Objectives : A method of estimation using 8 populationbased cancer registries databases in Korea(KRCR DB) has been introduced as another strategy for validly estimating the national cancer incidence(NCI) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of this method with using the 7 KRCR DBs, excluding Seoul covering 21% of the total population of Korea. Methods : We designed the study method(NCSE_7) as same as the estimating method with using 8 KRCR DBs (NCSE_8) in order to ensure maximal comparability. We defined the expected number of cancer cases in each registry as the number of observed cases and then we added the weighted observed cases according to gender, age and the proportion of the population covered by each registry for the population of the seven regions and the population of all areas, with excluding these seven regions. From the expected number of total cancer incidents, the estimated NCI was calculated by dividing the expected number of cancer cases by the number of the total population. The standard error(SE) of the estimated incidence was also taken from the expected number of total cancer incidents. Results : Compared with the results of the NCSE_8, the overall age-standardized rates(ASR) in men and women became over-estimated and under-estimated, respectively. Primary sites that showed statistically significant differences were the colo-rectum, prostate, breast and thyroid. The index of death certificate only(DCO)and microscopically verified(MV)% indicating levels of data quality were decreased, especially for the brain in DCO% and kidney in the MV%. Conclusions : The database of Seoul regional cancer registry has a key role for the method to estimate the valid nationwide cancer statistics in Korea with using the population-based cancer registries databases.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.193-212
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• 2020

In Korea, the term 'public library service population' is applied in various situations without academic discourse. This study analyzed concepts and applications of the term with literary reviews and case studies in United States, Australia, Japan, and Korea. And also this study redefined concepts and suggested new measurements of 'design population' and 'service population.' The former is the population who lives in area where public library can serve, and only demographic characteristics can be identified. It can be calculated based on the population of administrative district. In case of urban areas with a population of more than 100,000, it can be calculated the population within a radius of 2km from library. In areas with a population of less than 100,000 it can be calculated based on the population of Eup, Myeon, and Dong. In both cases the estimated population up to the library's opening year is added. Service population is used for the planning, evaluating, and promoting library services, and it can be defined as the actual users or estimated population determined by the input resources of the public libraries. It can be calculated by the number of enrolled members, or service participants, or target populations according to the size of input resources. The advantages of the proposal in this study are enabling efficient facility placement or resource inputs in public libraries and enhancing reliability of measuring output versus input. In addition, this study proposed to delete for paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Library Act to avoid confusion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1989

The author performed on epidemiological study of the TMD in 189 elderly people and 195 young people with Helkimo index. The clinical dysfunction index was based on data from clinical examination and the anamestic dysfunction index was based on data from the interview with the investigated person. The results were as follows : 1. In the elderly population, 27.5% reported that they had subjectively symptom of TMD but 43.4% had sign and symptoms of TMD in clinical examination. 2. The mean values for maximal opening differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 47.22mm and 51.44mm (p<0.001) and less than a 40mm opening was observed 7.9% in elderly population, 0.5% in young population (p<0.001). 3. The mean values for lateral movement to the right and left did not differ with age, which were 8.56mm and 8.47mm in elderly population, 8.90mm and 8.81mm in young population, but the mean value for protrusion differed significantly between elderly and young populations, 6.89mm and 7.64mm (p<0.01). 4. A higher incidence of TMJ noise was recorded in the elderly and young populations than young population, especially crepitus, but a higher incidence of clicking was recorded in young population (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Rural decline due to the decrease of the local population is an inevitable phenomenon, and a vicious cycle has been formed between a lack of basic living services and a population decrease in rural areas. Therefore, the study aims to derive the migration decision-making characteristics based on basic living service infrastructure data in rural areas. To do this, the population change over the past 20 years was categorized into six types, and the relationship between the classified population change types and the number of basic living service infrastructures was analyzed using decision tree analysis. Of the total 3,501 regions, 801 regions were the continuous decline type, of which 740 were rural areas. On the other hand, among 569 regions that were the continuous increase type, 401 regions were urban areas, confirming the population imbalance between rural and urban areas. As a result of the decision tree analysis on the relationship between population change types and the distribution of basic living service infrastructure, the number of daycare centers was derived as an important variable to classify the continuous increase type. Hospitals, parks, and public transportation were also found to be major basic living services affecting the classification of population change types.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.107-134
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• 2016

Accelerated ageing with low fertility is one of the most critical problems in Korea. Because of ageing via low fertility, Korea will face a serious demographic cliff. This research primarily focus on the analyzing the dynamics of the marginal ageing state and decreasing population especially in Eup and Myeon region. This study based on the system dynamics approaches for finding causal loop structure of marginal ageing and critical mass of population disappearing. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, demographic marginalization trends have already begun in the Eups and Myons of Gun. Second, marginal aging speed in Eup/Myeon areas is causing an population disappearing in the near future. Third, critical mass of population disappearing will begin when the rate of marginal aging is exceed 82% after 2023.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2010

Taking the East-Hwasung area as the case, this study first builds gridded population data based on the municipal population survey raw data, and then measures, by way of GIS tools, the major urban spatial variables that are thought to influence the composition of the regional population. For the purpose of comparison, the urban models based on the Genetic Algorithm technique and the regression technique are constructed using the same input variables. The findings indicate that the GA output performed better in differentiating the effective variables among the pilot model variables, and predicted as much consistent and meaningful coefficient estimates for the explanatory variables as the regression models. The study results indicate that GA technique could be a very useful and supplementary research tool in understanding the urban phenomena.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.795-806
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• 2024

Objective: Karan Fries (KF), a high-producing composite cattle was developed through crossing indicine Tharparkar cows with taurine bulls (Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Jersey), to increase the milk yield across India. This composite cattle population must maintain sufficient genetic diversity for long-term development and breed improvement in the coming years. The level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures the influence of population genetic forces on the genomic structure and provides insights into the evolutionary history of populations, while the decay of LD is important in understanding the limits of genome-wide association studies for a population. Effective population size (N_e) which is genomically based on LD accumulated over the course of previous generations, is a valuable tool for e valuation of the genetic diversity and level of inbreeding. The present study was undertaken to understand KF population dynamics through the estimation of N_e and LD for the long-term sustainability of these breeds. Methods: The present study included 96 KF samples genotyped using Illumina HDBovine array to estimate the effective population and examine the LD pattern. The genotype data were also obtained for other crossbreds (Santa Gertrudis, Brangus, and Beefmaster) and Holstein Friesian cattle for comparison purposes. Results: The average LD between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was r² = 0.13 in the present study. LD decay (r² = 0.2) was observed at 40 kb inter-marker distance, indicating a panel with 62,765 SNPs was sufficient for genomic breeding value estimation in KF cattle. The pedigree-based N_e of KF was determined to be 78, while the N_e estimates obtained using LD-based methods were 52 (SNeP) and 219 (genetic optimization for N_e estimation), respectively. Conclusion: KF cattle have an N_e exceeding the FAO's minimum recommended level of 50, which was desirable. The study also revealed significant population dynamics of KF cattle and increased our understanding of devising suitable breeding strategies for long-term sustainable development.