• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제10권16호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1987

Process capability is reflected on four major factors such as materials, equipments. skill of operators, and methods. The status of the process is typically represented by the mean value 〔$\mu$〕as a central tendancy, and the variance 〔$\sigma$$^2$〕 as a magnitude of dispersion. This paper analyzes the process capability by the experiment of chips is accounted on a population from the process. So, this paper analyzes the next four cases : (1) When the process distribution is changed from N[$\mu$$_1$, $\sigma$$^2$〕to N〔$\mu$$_2$, $\sigma$$^2$〕. (2) When the process distribution is changed from N[$\mu$, $\sigma$$_1$$^2$] to N[$\mu$, $\sigma$$_2$$^2$]. (3) When the population is compounded by the different two distributions of N〔$\mu$$_1$, $\sigma$$^2$〕and N〔$\mu$$_2$, $\sigma$$^2$〕. (4) When the population is compounded by the different two distributions of N〔$\mu$, $\sigma$$_1$$^2$〕 and N[$\mu$$\sigma$$_2$$^2$].

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 1989

1986년 8월부터 12월까지 낙동간 하구의 3정점에서 Aeromonas의 분포 및 이에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 Aeroamonas spp. 개체수 변화는 $4.3\times10^{2}-4.6\times 10^{4}$ MPN/100ml로 기록되었다.분산분석의 결과 Aeromonas spp. 의 분포는 정점간에 유의한 차이가 이쓴 것으로 나타났으며 정점 2에서 가장 높은 개체수를, 정점 3-B에서 가장 작은 개체수를 보였다. Aeromonas spp.의 분포에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 알아보기 위하여 중회귀 분석 및 주요인 분석(principal component analysis)을 한 결과 Aeromonas spp. 의 분포는 담수의 유출과 무기영양염류의 유입에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 종속영양세균, 이용가능한 질소원, 분변성대장균 및 수온고 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

A comparative analysis of size and age structures of coastal subfossil shell assemblages of the shortnecked clam Ruditapes philippinarum from open and protected bays of Cheju Island (Korea) was carried out. On the whole, taking into account the damage of small fragile shells, size and age structures of the shell assemblages corresponded to the classical curve of bivalve population distribution when its mortality diminishes with age increase up to a certain threshold. It was found that shell samples from open bays of the western, southern and eastern coasts included shells of smaller and younger individuals (L ${\leq}$ 40 mm, ${\leq}$ 4 years) than samples from the eastern protected bay (L ${\leq}$ 54.5 mm, ${\leq}$ 6 years). Evidently, strong wave activity was the reason for a short life-span of the clams from the open areas. Growth was investigated retrospectively by annual growth rings on the shells. Growth rates of the clams from the various coasts of Cheju Island differed. However, growth rates of the clams from different biotopes at the same (eastern) side of the Island were similar. Shell height/length and width/length ratios statistically significantly increased with the clam age increase. Most likely, the reason for such shell shape alteration is that more conglobated individuals more survive being more energy-optimal than oblong specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권11호
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• pp.1774-1786
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• 2018

Phenotypic variation among clones (individuals with identical genes, i.e. isogenic individuals) has been recognized both theoretically and experimentally. We investigate the effects of phenotypic variation on evolutionary dynamics of a population. In a population, the individuals are assumed to be haploid with two genotypes : one genotype shows phenotypic variation and the other does not. We use an individual-based Moran model in which the individuals reproduce according to their fitness values and die at random. The evolutionary dynamics of an individual-based model is formulated in terms of a master equation and is approximated as the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) and the coupled non-linear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with multiplicative noise. We first analyze the deterministic part of the SDEs to obtain the fixed points and determine the stability of each fixed point. We find that there is a discrete phase transition in the population distribution when the probability of reproducing the fitter individual is equal to the critical value determined by the stability of the fixed points. Next, we take demographic stochasticity into account and analyze the FPE by eliminating the fast variable to reduce the coupled two-variable FPE to the single-variable FPE. We derive a quasi-stationary distribution of the reduced FPE and predict the fixation probabilities and the mean fixation times to absorbing states. We also carry out numerical simulations in the form of the Gillespie algorithm and find that the results of simulations are consistent with the analytic predictions.

• 지역연구
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2018

본 연구는 대구혁신도시 사례를 중심으로 신시가지형 혁신도시개발에 따른 대도시 인구분포 변화를 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 2007~2016년 통계청 인구동향조사와 국내인구이동통계 마이크로데이터를 활용하여 대구광역시 및 주변 시군의 인구변화를 자연적 증가와 사회적 증가(인구이동)로 분해하여 동태적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대구광역시의 인구는 지속적인 감소경향을 보이는 반면, 도시외곽 혁신도시개발지가 위치한 동구는 해당지역으로의 인구유입에 따라 인구성장을 경험하고 있었다. 특히 2014년 이후 동구로의 높은 순 인구이동의 발생은 대구혁신도시 개발의 준공과 공공기관 이전 시기와 일치하는 패턴을 보여주었다. 2007~2016년 사이 동구로 이동 인구의 전출지역을 분석한 결과 수도권으로부터 유입은 전체의 6.9%인 반면 동구 내부이동(34.5%)과 더불어 대구 내 7개 구군(35.8%)과 주변 4개 시군(8.2%)에서 유입된 인구가 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 특히 대구혁신도시가 위치한 동구로의 전입인구는 동구 인접지역인 수성구, 북구, 경산시로부터 유입인구가 많은 것으로 나타나 시가지형 혁신도시개발은 도시의 외연적 확산을 심화시키고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.12-28
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• 2024

본 연구는 제주도의 주요 관광지별 COVID-19 전후 관광객 유동인구 변화 추세를 공간분석을 통하여 확인하고, 이를 통하여 관광객 유동인구 패턴 변화에 대한 이해를 하고자 한다. 제주도의 성산읍과 안덕면을 연구지역으로 선정하였으며, 연구기간은 COVID-19 발생전 1년과 발생후 2년으로 설정하였다. 공간분석을 위하여 이동통신 유동인구 데이터를 정제 및 가공하여 유동인구 분포와 유동인구 증감 데이터를 산출하였으며, 이를 공간데이터화 하여 주요 관광지의 위치데이터와 중첩분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 실내 관광지와 소규모 시설은 COVID-19 직후 유동인구가 감소하였으며, 개방된 해안지역 또는 대규모 시설의 경우 유동인구 감소가 적거나 오히려 유동인구가 증가한 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 관광개발에서 관광시설 특성에 따른 유동인구의 변화를 파악할 필요가 있으며, 관광지 개발시 팬데믹과 같은 위험상황에 대응할 수 있는 관광시설 및 전략의 개발이 필요하다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1989

The distribution pattern of Clonorchis sinensis metacercaria in Pseudorasvora parva population and correlation between P. parva and metacercaria of C. sinensis were studied. The surveved areas were Chomanpo and Bulamdong, Kim-Hae Gun which were endemic area of clonorchiasis, and wansa, Sa-Chon Gun, Souh Kyong-Sang Do. The results are as follows: 1) The areas of Chornanpo and Wansa showed high infectivity in 99-100% of infection rate and 282-308 of average infection number per-fish. But the area of Bulamdong showed relatively. low infectivity in 95.8% of infection rate and 44 of average infection number. 2) The distribution patterns of C. sinensis metacercaria in P. parva population which were collected in Chomanpo and Wansa were shown Poisson distribution and the distribution pattern in Bulamdong showed mid-pattern of shifting over from Poisson distribution to Negative binomial distribution. 3) The correlation between P. parva length and average number of C. sinensis metacercaria in the present studied areas represented as direct proportion relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2011

본 연구는 초기하분포의 모수, 즉 성공의 확률에 대한 신뢰구간추정에 대하여 설펴보았다. 초기하분포의 성공의 확률에 대한 신뢰구간은 일반적으로 잘 알려져 있지 않으나 그 응용성과 활용성의 측면에서 신뢰구간의 추정은 상당히 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 초기하분포의 성공의 확률에 대한 정확신뢰구간과 이항분포와 정규분포에 의한 근사신뢰구간을 소개하고 여러 가지 모집단의 크기와 표본 수에 대하여, 그리고 몇 가지 관찰값에 대한 정확신뢰구간과 근사신뢰구간을 계산하고 소 표본의 경우에 모의실험을 통하여 실제포함확률의 측면에서 살펴보았다.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2006

A comparison was made of population of the economically important cockle Anadara (=Scapharca) broughtoni (Bivalvia, Arcidae) inhabiting different areas of the Razdolnaya River estuary at the head of Amurskii Bay (Peter the Great Gulf, East Sea). Also, changes in cockle population density and structure, as well as in cockle growth rates during the last 20 years were studied. In all years of investigation, the morphometrical parameters and growth rates of cockles were smaller at the sites located close to the River mouth than farther down-estuary. The differences can be attributed to higher concentration of suspended particulate matter, decreased salinity and water temperature, as well as a longer exposure to these unfavorable environmental factors at sites located close to the River mouth, compared to farther sites. For two decades, cockle population density had decreased by almost 30 times at some sites in the River estuary. The main reason for this population decline is commercial over-fishing of the cockle. Besides, for the last 20 years, linear parameters of the cockles in the population decreased approximately by 30% and weight parameters, almost two times. Cockle growth rates also decreased for this period. Evidently, these facts are due to the damaging effect of dredging.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to estimate the population pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin in healthy adult Korean and to investigate the factors influencing the pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of clarithromycin were calculated with the data from healthy adult Koreans. A total of 798 plasma concentrations obtained from 78 subjects after administration of a single oral dose of 250 mg or 500 mg were used for the modeling. The concentration-time data were fitted to a one-compartment open model assuming a first-order absorption and elimination with no lag time. The correlations between various factors [such as sex, age, height, weight, sect creatinine (Scr) and dose and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with stepwise linear recession analyses. The selected covariates were incorporated in the population model of NONMEM, and the importance of each covariate was investigated by means of backwards elimination. The apparent clearance (CL/F) was significantly correlated to Scr and sex, and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) was significantly correlated to Scr and height in a nonlinear relationship. The population values of Ka was 1.8 h $r_{-1}$, CL/F was 37.71 L/hr, Vd/F was 200 L and t/ sub 1/2 / was 3.68 hrs for a male Korean with 170 m height and 1.0 mg/dL Scr.