• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2006

Distribution of population densities of heterotrophic bacteria, E. coli, and Salmonella and Shigella in seawater and sediments at 40 stations near Samcheonpo Bay were measured for 3 times from July to December, 2003. Population densities of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater during survey periods were in the range of $1.7{\pm}0.9{\times}10^3{\sim}2.4{\pm}0.9{\times}10^5$ CFU $mL^{-1}$ and the highest density was shown at St. 34 during the sampling period of September, 2003. Population densities of heterotrophic bacteria were shown higher values on September than those of July and December at all sampling stations. Population densities of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria in sediments during survey periods were in the range of $2.2{\pm}0.2{\times}10^3{\sim}2.0{\pm}0.2{\times}10^5$ CFU $mL^{-1}$ and their population densities at sampling stations far from Samcheonpo Bay measured lower values than those near Samcheonpo Bay. Population densities of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria in the sediments were not affected by physico-chemical factors of upper water environment. E. coli were detected only at 8 stations in seawater and 4 stations in the sediments among 40 sampling stations on July and were not detected during September and December. Salmonella and Shigella were detected only a few stations on July and September during sampling periods.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.

• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Diel vertical distribution of phytoflagellates and interactions between the phytoplankton components and environmental and biological factors were studied in a small artificial pond for three days on the December 18, 1998 and April 9 to 10, 1999. The phytoplankton population was dominated by Mallomonas akrokomos of chrysophytes and Cryptomonas marssonii and Chroomonas sp. of cryptophytes. The vertical distribution of these phytoflagellates taxa exhibited clear diel migration pattern. Moreover their migration patterns are showed differential fluctuation between M. akrokomos, C. marssonii and Chroomonas sp. The later two species upward migrated in the evening as well as night, whereas the former species migrated downward. Their distinctive migration pattern was found during the night but was not observed in the morning. During daytime C. marssonii and Chroomonas sp. showed maximum density above 2 m depth but M. akrokomos below 2 m depth. The diel vertical distribution of the dominant phytoflagellates did not show significant correlation between physical, chemical and biotic factors.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate state and problems of Seongnam Jungang Market that lost competitiveness under rapidly changing logistics environment, and to give market redevelopment model, project validity and operation management plan considering commercial area and location of the market. The public market at the community that has tradition and culture of the residents provides small merchants with employment chance and to let residents buy daily necessities. The market allows farmers to sell agriculture products by themselves and to increase income. Most of public markets that open every five days help residents meet each other to exchange information. Most of public markets have been placed at local towns and rural areas to lose distribution functions remarkably at less population and quick aging.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

The exposure of human beings to toxic trace metals (Cu, Zn) continues to be an important public health issue and concern. This study was conducted to assess the exposure to trace metals (Cu, Zn) in the general Korean population by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Serum samples were obtained from 40 healthy volunteers. Specimens were collected in special container and we applied sample processing to minimize contamination. We used ICP-MS and AAS to analyze simultaneously the concentration of metals including copper, zinc. Distribution of trace metal levels in the general healthy population showed lower values. The results in this study can provide background data for clinical studies associated with trace metal exposure in the korean population.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.261-274
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• 2014

In this paper we develop Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators of the finite population mean with the assumption of posterior linearity rather than normality of the superpopulation under the balanced loss function. We compare the performance of the optimal Bayes estimator with ones of the classical sample mean and the usual Bayes estimator under the squared error loss with respect to the posterior expected losses, risks and Bayes risks when the underlying distribution is normal as well as when they are binomial and Poisson.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2017

This article explores the analysis of longitudinal surveys in which same units are investigated on several occasions. Multivariate exponential ratio type estimator has been proposed for the estimation of the finite population median at the current occasion in two occasion longitudinal surveys. Information on several additional auxiliary variables, which are stable over time and readily available on both the occasions, has been utilized. Properties of the proposed multivariate estimator, including the optimum replacement strategy, are presented. The proposed multivariate estimator is compared with the sample median estimator when there is no matching from a previous occasion and with the exponential ratio type estimator in successive sampling when information is available on only one additional auxiliary variable. The merits of the proposed estimator are justified by empirical interpretations and validated by a simulation study with the help of some natural populations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.176-176
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• 2003

In the previous studies, some genetic polymorphisms in the human mitochondrial DNA have been associated with athletic performance in several populations. To investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA 5178A/C polymorphism and athletic performance in Korean population, blood samples were collected from 100 male Korean elite athletes and 64 sedentary controls. There was no significant difference in allele frequency of mitochondrial DNA 5178A/C polymorphism between two groups (P > 0.05). However, 5178A allele frequency in Korean population was very higher than those in other populations studied. Because it has been reported that this genetic polymorphisms is associated with longevity, further study will be needed to clarify the relationship between this genetic polymorphism and life expectancy of Korean population.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2003

Habitat heterogeneity can enhance biological diversity by providing variation in structural diversity. This paper reviewed heterogeneous habitat serves as a population stability and superior demographic performance (e.g., high density, survivorship, reproductive rate) can be observed compared with organisms with inferior demographic performance. The idea of habitat variation has been further developed in modelling. Furthermore the size and configuration (distribution) of a patch (of a particular habitat type) become effective for the stability of population through hiding places and food resources. Species diversity is related to habitat complexity that provides structural diversity to ground -dwelling organisms. Finally coarse woody debris can enhance habitat complexity thus stabilizing population fluctuation and increasing survivorship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2010

The Direct Quadrature Method of Moments (DQMOM) has been presented for the solution of population balance equation in the wide range of the multi-phase flows. This method has the inherently interesting features which can be easily applied to the multi-inner variable equation. In addition, DQMOM is capable of easily coupling the gas phase with the discrete phases while it requires the relatively low computational cost. Soot inception, subsequent aggregation, surface growth and oxidation are described through a population balance model solved with the DQMOM for soot formation. This approach is also able to represent the evolution of the soot particle size distribution. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is represented by the laminar flamelet model together with the presumed PDF approach and the spherical harmonic P-1 approximation is adopted to account for the radiative heat transfer.