• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.223-243
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• 2002

Female-headed household is one of the common family type in the changing Korean society. This study explored and described the coping strategies of poor female household heads who were in struggle with economic, physical, and emotional problems. The data was gathered by in-depth interviews with fifteen poor female heads of households. In the process of qualitative interview and analysis, the coping strategy was emerged as an important theme. The major strategies which the poor female heads had adopted were as follows. First strategy was making up their minds to live as heads of households to keep their children in the fence of family. Second was accepting that any husbands would not be helpful in general. Third was developing independence, which meant providing their families on their own labor without expecting the support from social network or welfare system. Forth strategy was giving the present situation a positive definition: it gave them the emotional comfort.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

This cross-sectional study assessed household food insecurity among low-income rural communities and examined its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors as well as coping strategies to minimize food insecurity. Demographic, socioeconomic, expenditure and coping strategy data were collected from 200 women of poor households in a rural community in Malaysia. Households were categorized as either food secure (n=84) or food insecure (n=116) using the Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity instrument. T-test, Chi-square and logistic regression were utilized for comparison of factors between food secure and food insecure households and determination of factors associated with household food insecurity, respectively. More of the food insecure households were living below the poverty line, had a larger household size, more children and school-going children and mothers as housewives. As food insecure households had more school-going children, reducing expenditures on the children's education is an important strategy to reduce household expenditures. Borrowing money to buy foods, receiving foods from family members, relatives and neighbors and reducing the number of meals seemed to cushion the food insecure households from experiencing food insufficiency. Most of the food insecure households adopted the strategy on cooking whatever is available at home for their meals. The logistic regression model indicates that food insecure households were likely to have more children (OR=1.71; p<0.05) and non-working mothers (OR=6.15; p<0.05), did not own any land (OR=3.18; p<0.05) and adopted the strategy of food preparation based on whatever is available at their homes (OR=4.33; p<0.05). However, mothers who reported to borrow money to purchase food (OR=O.84; p<0.05) and households with higher incomes of fathers (OR=O.99; p<0.05) were more likely to be food secure. Understanding the factors that contribute to household food insecurity is imperative so that effective strategies could be developed and implemented.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Using data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, this study investigated whether children with high levels of problem behaviors adjusted more poorly on the $1^{st}-grade$ than children with low levels of problem behaviors, and whether there was evidence of intra-individual stability in behavior problems over time. Data were analyzed by use of the Latent Growth Model and group differences analyses. Three findings were noteworthy. First, there was evidence of intra-individual and inter-individual variability in behavior problems between poor- and non-poor household children. Second, children with higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 4 years had lower school readiness scores at 6 years. Finally, children with lower levels of school readiness at 6 years had lower school adjustment scores in $1^{st}$ grade. The results discuss implications for future research and policies for preschool children. With mediating effect of school readiness, developmental trajectories of child's problem behavior have been found to be predictors of delayed achievements in school. The results show that intervention programs are necessary for children with high levels of problem behavior. This study also showed that children who experienced poverty at home could have more difficulties in school readiness and school adjustment.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2004

Since the 1990s there have been increasing concerns about coresident grandparents and their children in the U.S. This study focused on the coresident grandparents and grandchildren, categorized into 6 household structures, and examined whether household structure with sociodemographic variables affected economic well-being. The data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used, and frequencies, $x^2$ tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were conducted by SPSS Windows. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the yearly household income among the 6 household structures. In addition, household structure affected the economic well-being. Especially, grandchildren in grandmother only, some parents present families, and in grandmother only, no parent families were more likely to be poor than those in both grandparents.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.31-57
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• 2019

본 연구는 분가의 양상을 분석하고, 이를 통해 상대적 빈곤에 대한 시사점을 제시한다. 분가 확률은 가구 소득이 높을수록 높으며, 분가 이후 취업자 및 소득이 더 큰 폭으로 증가하는 양상을 보인다. 즉, 분가는 소득이 높은 가구에서 더 빈번하게 발생하는 정상재(normal goods)의 성격이 강한 것으로 판단된다. 노인 가구에 대한 역사실적 분석(counter-factual analysis) 결과, 상대 빈곤에 처한 노인 가구들 가운데 최근 분가한 자녀세대의 부양능력을 감안할 경우 빈곤의 규모가 1/3~1/8까지로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부양의무 조항이 삭제된 빈곤 정책은 실질적으로 빈곤하지 않는 노인들에게 정부지출이 집중되는 비효율을 초래할 우려도 높다고 판단된다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.31-60
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• 2012

빈곤가구의 식품 미보장은 상대적으로 풍요로운 사회에서 경험되는 불평등과 사회적 박탈을 보여주는 중요한 현상이므로, 이 연구에서는 아동이 있는 수급 가구들의 '식품 미보장 경험'을 탐색하였다. 연구에 참여한 부모들은 제한된 소득 내에서 식품 구입을 위해 사용할 수 있는 자원의 부족으로 인해 적절한 혹은 충분한 양의 식재료 구입에 어려움을 겪고 있을 뿐 아니라, 질 낮은 식재료의 선택 및 사용, 상대적으로 보다 값싼 재료로의 대체, 이용가능한 식재료 종류(특히 육류와 과일)의 제한, 단조롭고 제한된 식사 구성과 같은 경험을 일상적으로 하고 있었다. 때로는 이로 인해 아이들이 식사를 거르기도 하였다. 즉 '식품 미보장'개념을 구성하는 내용들이 아동이 있는 빈곤 가구들에서 실제로 경험되고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만 식품 미보장 척도상에서 보고가능한 내용과 질적 면접을 통해 보고되는 내용에 어느 정도 차이가 있으므로 이러한 점이 향후 식품 미보장 척도를 활용함에 있어 충분히 고려되어야 할 것이라고 생각된다. 또 대부분의 가정에서 현재 이루어지고 있는 다양한 사회복지서비스들이 부분적으로 가구내 식품 미보장 상황을 보완해 주고 있는 점 등도 척도 활용시 고려되어야 할 점이라고 생각된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2010

We conducted this study to determine the factors associated with childhood obesity. The subjects were 170 preschool children in Busan. Data were collected by using questionnaires which asked for information about socioeconomic status, parental perception of their child's weight status and dietary/physical activity behavior. BMI was calculated for each child and their classification was determined, according to their age and sex, as follows: "overweight" at or above the 85th percentile, "normal" for the 15th-85th percentile, and with a BMI below the 15th percentile the children were deemed as underweight. Classification according to BMI percentile showed that 23.5% ($18.25{\pm}1.33\;kg/m^2$) of the children were overweight, 62.9% ($15.51{\pm}0.76\;kg/m^2$) normal, and 13.5% ($13.23{\pm}2.86\;kg/m^2$) were underweight. Socioeconomic status, as represented by the parents' level of education, the occupation of the father and the household income, did not affect the results. However, mothers working outside the household was a factor that was more likely to affect the weight status (p<0.05). Among mothers whose children were overweight, 30% underestimated their children's weight status (believing them to be of normal weight when they were overweight), and 25% failed to recognize the necessity of weight control for their overweight children. While sedentary activity and total daily activity levels were not related to BMI, the level of physically active leisure activity was inversely correlated with BMI (p<0.05). Although there were no differences in total energy intake, dietary behavior was significantly related to weight status. Overweight children had poor eating tendancies: they eat faster (in less than 15 minutes), overeat, and eat late at night. Based on our findings where hereby recommended the following interventions to help limit weight problems in Korean pre-schoolers: early promotion of active leisure behavior and healthy eating habits, along with attempting to correct parental misperception of healthy weight status for children.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.73-102
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• 2008

본 연구는 우리나라 기혼 여성의 노동공급에 있어서 취학 자녀가 지니는 효과에 대해 분석한다. 출산 및 저연령 자녀의 효과에 초점이 맞추어진 기존의 기혼 여성 노동공급 논의에서 한 걸음 더 나아가, 본 연구는 고학년 자녀의 효과에 초점을 맞춘다. 고학년 자녀가 기혼 여성의 노동공급을 제약할 가능성은, 최근 자녀 교육에 있어서 어머니의 역할이 강조되는 사회적 경향과 연계되어 생각할 수 있다. 본 결과에 의하면 고학력 기혼 여성일수록, 그리고 가구소득이 높을수록 취학 자녀로 인해 노동공급이 제약되는 효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2017

Objective : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4-5) or poor (GOS 1-3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13-15, 8 had scores of 12-8, and 4 had scored 3-7. The diagnoses were as follows : 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. Conclusion : The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of malnutrition and to explore its association with socioeconomic and social support factors among Korean elderly in the community. Methods : The study sample was a weighted population of 10,160 elderly who participated in the 2014 Korean Elderly Living Conditions and Welfare Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association socioeconomic and social support factors have with malnutrition. Results : Of the Korean elderly 18.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Being uneducated (OR=1.40) and having a lower household income (OR=1.97) were significantly associated with malnutrition even after adjusting for other socio-demographic and health-related covariates. Elderly who lived alone (OR=1.86) and who had poor relationships with their children (OR=1.97) were at much higher risk of malnutrition than their counterparts. Their having poor relationships with acquaintances and poor social participation were also associated with malnutrition. Conclusions : Socioeconomic and social support resources are important factors in the nutritional status of the elderly.