• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, erythrocyte micronucleus test of pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts was conducted in order to up-cycling to a high value-added industry using by-products discarded in the production process of Schisandra chinensis products and active ingredients such as dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Methods : The micronucleus test was performed according to the 'OECD Guidelines'. Including the negative control group(0 mg/kg) and the positive control group(CPA 70 mg/kg), pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts were orally administered to ICR mouse at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg. After sacrificing the experimental animals bone marrow cells were collected and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte were counted. And genetic toxicity was confirmed according to the frequency of micronucleus. Results : As a result of the micronucleus test, there were no changes in body weight, clinical signs, or death in any group. But, a significant increase was observed in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte among polychromatic erythrocytes in the positive control group administered with CPA compared to the negative control group(p<0.05). Whereas, no significant increase was observed in the group administered with pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts compared to the negative control group. Conclusions : Pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts did not induce micronucleus in bone marrow cells of ICR mouse up to a concentration of 2,000 mg/kg, and it was judged that no genetic toxicity was observed.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, acute oral toxicity test of pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts was conducted in order to up-cycling to a high value-added industry using by-products discarded in the production process of Schisandra chinensis products and active ingredients such as dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. Methods : Pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts were orally administered to SD-rats(female, n=3) without a control group according to the 'OECD guidelines'. After, mortality and clinical signs were observed, and the deceased animals were subjected to an autopsy. In addition, acute oral toxicity test was sequentially performed in step I (300 mg/kg), step II(300 mg/kg), step III(2,000 mg/kg), and step IV(2,000 mg/kg) according to the mortality. Results : There were no abnormalities caused by pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts in step I and step II. However, one animal each died in step III and step IV. In addition, clinical signs(salivation, decrease in food intake, prone position, decrease of locomotor activity, loss of locomotor activity, convulsion, hypothermia, lacrimation, staining around mouth, soiled perineal region, reddish urine, chromaturia, decrease of fecal volume, lying on side, blackish stool, no stool, compound-colored stool, refusal to feed, excitement, hypersensitivity, rigidity, dorsal position, etc.) were observed. But, no clinical signs were observed from 5th day, and experiment animals recovered completely. Conclusions : As a result of this study, pomace Schisandra chinensis extracts may exhibit acute toxicity at concentrations of 2,000 to 5,000 mg/kg, and the GHS classification was designated as 'Category 5'.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2018

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (omija) is often used in Chinese medicine to treat various human diseases, and is known to possess various bioactive components such as schizandrin and gomisin A. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts of pomace of Schisandra chinensis (PSC) and investigated their effects on cell viability and expression changes of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. PSC significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and also dramatically induced the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes, with resveratrol used as a positive control. We also assessed the effects of pure compound schizandrin (SZ) derived from Schisandra chinensis on cell viability and expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21. The results showed that SZ also decreased cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes. In addition, apoptosis was detected in SZ-treated HCT116 cells, which was confirmed with PARP cleavage. PARP cleavage was recovered in part by the transfection of NAG-1 siRNA. The results indicate that NAG-1 is one of the genes responsible for apoptosis induced by SZ. Overall, our findings may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities mediated by PSC and SZ.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effect of a phytogenic blend (SPA: a mixture containing fermented Schisandra chinensis pomace, fermented Pinus densiflora needle extract, and Allium tuberosum powder in the ratio of 2:2:1) on egg production, egg quality, blood constituents, and visceral organs in laying hens. Methods: A total of 135 Hy-line brown laying hens (48-wk-old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 9 hens. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (no exogenous SPA addition) and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet containing SPA at the level of 0.1% and 0.3% for 6 weeks. Results: The feed intake was significantly improved in SPA supplemented groups as compared with the control (p<0.05). However, egg production, daily egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not different among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). For egg quality traits, only Haugh unit (HU) was significantly improved in SPA (0.3%) (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. However, HU was not affected during 4-wk of storage at 18℃ among the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Furthermore, SPA supplementation did not affect the blood biochemical constituents except for the phosphate content, which was significantly higher in SPA groups than the CON group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in visceral organ characteristics and immune indicators (immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgG, and IgM) in SPA or CON groups. Conclusion: This study suggested that the supplementation of SPA may have beneficial effects on feed intake and egg quality in laying hens.