• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2013

In order to obtain functional materials from aloe callus, we cultured Aloe vera L. leaf on MS medium added 0.2 mg/L IAA, 0.3 mg/L kinetin and 100 mg/L grape or/and apple juice for 30 days. While a callus differentiation during callus culture did not show, the cultured leaves were uniquely released extracellular material into the agar plate. After cultivation for 18 days, the cultured leaf and agar were harvested for extraction a functional material. The materials extracted were measured on the amount of total phenols, flavonoids and polysaccharides and determined on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. In result, callus extracts of additive free (CT) and added apple juice (2T) had more amount of phenol compound ($659{\mu}g/mL$, $533{\mu}g/mL$) and flavonoid ($580{\mu}g/mL$, $501{\mu}g/mL$) than natural leaf (p: $525{\mu}g/mL$, f: $301{\mu}g/mL$). However, the extract of natural leaf had the better effect of lipid peroxidation and polysaccharide content than the culture extract. All samples extracted had same effect on the nitrite scavenging activity. On the other hand, only 2T extract showed excellent 72% nitric oxide scavenging activity. The agar extract was also confirmed to contain polyphenol compound and polysaccharide content that had antioxidant and antimicrobial activity partly.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2019

In the present study, the alcoholic and enzymatic extracts of Ecklonia maxima were prepared and their antioxidant activities were evaluated via the free radical scavenging activities. The lyophilized seaweed powder was extracted by 70% ethanol and the resultant extract was obtained, named as the alcoholic extract of E. maxima stem (EMSE) obtained. The residue after EMSE preparation was continuously by Celluclast-assistant extraction and then the obtained enzymatic extract was identified as polysaccharides-rich extract of E. maxima stem (EMSP). The results indicated that the extraction yields of EMSE and EMSP were 2.18% and 5.43%, respectively. In addition, the free radical scavenging activities of EMSE and EMSP were determined using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. EMSE containing 5.36% of polyphenol and 1.56% of polysaccharide scavenged DPPH and alkyl radicals at the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.48 and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively. EMSP containing 0.33% of polyphenol and 41.58% of polysaccharide showed at the $IC_{50}$ values of 0.33 and 0.55 mg/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate that EMSP containing a high amount of polysaccharides possesses a strong free radical scavenging activity which might be a potential ingredient in pharmacological and cosmeceutical industries.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.468-474
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• 1989

Pseudomonas delafieldii이 다당류 생산을 위한 배양조건을 검토하였다. 최적 배지조성은 glucose 25g/$\ell$, peptone 2.06 g/$\ell$, yeast extract 0.5g/$\ell$, KH$_2$PO$_4$2g/$\ell$, MgSO$_4$2g/$\ell$, CaCO$_3$2.5g/$\ell$이며 교반속도는 300rpm, 온도는 30도, pH는 6.5이었다. 이 조건에서는 flask culture를 할 경우 5.91g/$\ell$가 생산되며 이 때 수율은 23.65%, overall productivity는 50.98mg/g/h이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1987

To investigate antitumor constituents of higher fungi, the carpophores of Polyporus giganteus Pers. ex. Fr. (81 g, dry weight) which were collected in Indiana, U. S. A. were examined for antitumor activity. Two protein-bound-polysaccharide fractions (I and II) were prepared from the hot water extract and one fraction (III) from the 0.1 N NaOH extract of the carpophores. The antitumor effect of each fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 implanted subcutaneously in female ICR mice. Of three fractions, Fraction II showed 85.2% inhibition ratio at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days and was named gigantan. Gigantan was found to contain 59% polysaccharide and 27% protein. Its polysaccharide moity was a heteroglycan that consisted of mainly glucose (89.3%), galactose (7.7%), minaose (2.0%) and fructose (1.0%).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2021

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes photoaging, which represents skin damage, disrupts skin barrier function, and promotes wrinkle formation. We investigated that the polysaccharide extract of an edible basidiomycetous white jelly mushroom, Tremella fuciformis, (TF-Glucan^®) exhibited statistically photoprotective activity by inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and increasing collagen synthesis, and an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines at the concentrations of less than 1000 ㎍/ml, which is not cytotoxic (p < 0.05). Additionally, TF-Glucan^® increased the expression of involucrin and filaggrin to prevent the disruption of UVB-induced barrier function (p < 0.05). TF-Glucan^® was assessed as a safe material by the human primary skin irritation (1, 3, 5%), human repeated insult patch test (no sensitization at 5%), 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay (no phototoxicity, PIF < 2, MPE < 0.1), eye irritation test test by BCOP (no category, IVIS ≤ 3) and local lymph node assay (negative at 10, 25, 50%) for identifying potential skin sensitizing. These results suggest that TF-Glucan^® may be useful as an anti-photoaging ingredient for developing cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

Background: In this study, we examined the effects of various enzymes on chemical conversions of ginsenosides in ginseng extract prepared by amylases. Methods: Rapidase, Econase CE, Viscozyme, Ultraflo L, and Cytolase PCL5 were used for secondary enzymatic hydrolysis after amylase treatment of ginseng extract, and ginsenoside contents, skin permeability, and chemical compositions including total sugar, acidic polysaccharide, and polyphenols were determined on the hydrolyzed ginseng extract. Results: Rapidase treatment significantly elevated total ginsenoside contents compared with the control (p < 0.05). In particular, deglycosylated ginsenosides including Rg3, which are known as bioactive compounds, were significantly increased after Rapidase treatment (p < 0.05). The Rapidase-treated group also increased the skin permeability of polyphenols compared with the control, showing the highest level of total sugar content among the enzyme treatment groups. Conclusion: This result showed that Rapidase induced the conversion of ginsenoside glycosides to aglycones. Meanwhile, Cytolase PCL5 and Econase treatments led to a significant increase of uronic acid (acidic polysaccharide) level. Taken together, our data showed that the treatments of enzymes including Rapidase are useful for the conversion and increase of ginsenosides in ginseng extracts or products.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 1992

생물응집체 개발을 목적으로 Zoogloea ramigera115를 이용하여 균주배양 및 생물고분다 생성실험을 시시하였다. 다당류 최고 생성률을 얻을 수 있는 최적기질로 탄소원으로는 glucose, 질소원으로는 $NaNO_3$ 유기영양원으로는 yeast extract가 선택되었다. 초기 pH가 6일 때 가장 높은 세포성장과 점성을 나타내었다. 생성돈 생물고분자는 ultrasonication과 고속 원심분리를 거친 후 propanol 첨가에 의해 효율적으로 추출되었다. 생물고분자는 jae test에 의한 응집실험에서 높은 침강성을 보여 응집제 사용가능성을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1981

The carpophores of a mushroom, Naematoloma fasciculare (Fr.) Karst, were extracted with 0.2 N NaOH and the extract was dialyzed through visking tube. It was found to contain an antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. The components of this aqueous extract were found to be a polysaccharide and a protein by color reactions including Anthrone and Lowery-Folin tests. The hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with 3% HCL-Me-OH and trimethylsily lation of the hydrolysate yielded five monosaccharides, i. e. glucose, frutose, mannose, galactose and xylose, which were detected and analyzed by GLC. After hydrolysis of the protein with 6N HCl, 15 amino acids, including aspartic acid and glutamic acid, were detected and analyzed by an auto amino acid analyzer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2008

An edible marine red alga, Grateloupia filicina, collected from Jeju Island of Korea was hydrolyzed by cheap food-grade carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celuclast, AMC, Termamyl, and Ultraflo) to investigate its anticoagulant activity. Among the tested enzymatic extracts of G. filicina, a Termamyl extract showed the highest anticoagulant activity. Anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel-permeation chromatography on Sepharose-4B were used to purify the active polysaccharide from the crude polysaccharide fraction of G. filicina. The purified sulfated polysaccharide (0.42 sulfate/total sugar) showed ${\sim}1,357kDa$ molecular mass and was comprised mainly of galactose(98%) and 1-2% of glucose. The sample showed potential anticoagulant activity on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) thrombin time (TT) assays. The purified G. filicina anticoagulant (GFA) inhibited the coagulation factor X (92%), factor II (82%), and factor VII (68%) of the coagulation cascade, and the molecular interaction (protein-polysaccharide) was highly enhanced in the presence of ATIII (antithrombin III). The dissociation constant of polysaccharide towards serine proteins decreased in the order of FXa (58.9 nM) >FIIa (74.6 nM) >FVII (109.3 nM). The low/less cytotoxicity of the polysaccharide benefits its use in the pharmaceutical industry; however, further studies that would help us to elucidate the mechanism of its activity are needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

홍삼으로부터 염기성 수웅액 추출, 음이온교환 크로마토그래피 및 겔여과 크로마토그래피를 순차적으로 수행하여 항트롬빈 활성을 보이는 다당체를 분리하였다. 이 다당체는 셀룰로스 아세테이트막을 사용한 전기영동에서 하나의 띠로 나타나 비교적 순수하게 정제되었음을 알 수 있었고, 겔여과 크로마토그래피에서 결정된 평균 분자량은 약 177kDa이었다. $40.2\%$의 유론산, $9.2\%$의 황산기 및 $1.5\%$의 단백질을 포함하는 산성다당체였고, 구성 중성당으로 rhamnose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, glucose, fucose, xylose를 1.00 : 0.88 :0.86 : 0.78 : 0.70 : 0.33 : 0.22의 비율로 포함하고 있었다. 이 다당체는 트롬빈에 의한 피브리노겐의 응고를 농도에 비례하여 저해하였고, 혈장을 사용한 실험에서 내인성 경로를 통해 혈액응고를 저해하는 것으로 나타났다.