• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2001

Physiological activities of unripened fruit, ripened fruit and leaf of Rubus coreanus Miquel were examined. Total polyphenolic compound content, electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity were examined using extracts of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracted with various extraction solvents such as 80% methanol, 75% acetone and water. The leaf part of Rubus coreanus Miquel included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other sample groups, unripened and ripened fruit. The total polyphenol compound content of leaf (100 g, dry base) extracted with 75% acetone showed the highest value of $5.06{\sim}5.87g$. As for EDA, unripened fruit showed over 90% of electron donating ability. No significant difference in EDA was found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 80% methanol, 75% acetone and water. Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts showed different nitrite scavenging abilities under different pH conditions. The nitrite scavenging abilities at pH 1.2 were in the range of $41.25{\sim}63.24%$ whereas they were $1.59{\sim}10.99%$ at pH 4.2 and $-2.84{\sim}7.94%$ at pH 6.0. The high levels of SOD-like activities were found in ripened fruit when different extracting methods were applied. Agar diffusion tests were accomplished to examine the antimicrobial activities of the extracts prepared from unripened fruit, ripened fruit and leaf with various extraction solvents. All of the extracts revealed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus whereas no antimicrobial activities were observed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

We collected glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) from the Jollanam-do area (Hwangsan-myeon in Haenam, Jeungdo-myeon in Sinan, and Yeomsan-myeon in Yeonggwang) from June to October 2007, and analyzed levels of total amino acids, free amino acids, and total polyphenolic compounds and electron donating ability and SOD-like activity. The total amino acid content was $3,338.75{\sim}4,491.63\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $3,086.48{\sim}3,782.89\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $3,134.3{\sim}4,364.17\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwang. Proline was the main free amino acid from June through to September, and the level increased during June, the early period of maturation, and then decreased with further ripening. The total content of free amino acids was $472.75{\sim}1,080.98\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $440.46{\sim}621.77\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $387.64{\sim}669.28\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwan. Total polyphenolic compound level was $11.1{\sim}15.61\;mg/g$ in the sample from Haenam, $12.71{\sim}21.03\;mg/g$ in the sample from Sinan, and $13.13{\sim}22.28\;mg/g$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. Electron donating ability was 53.8.70.9% in the sample from Haenam, $62.7{\sim}88.8%$ in the sample from Sinan, and $63.0{\sim}72.7%$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. SOD-like activity was $28.7{\sim}41.0%$ in the sample from Haenam, 28.5{\sim}36.5% in the sample from Sinan, and 23.5.39.6% in the sample from Yeonggwang.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2009

Silibinin is a polyphenolic flavonoid compound isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with known hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant effects. Herein, we show that silibinin inhibits receptor activator of $NF-{\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells as well as from bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silibinin has no effect on the expression of RANKL or the soluble RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblasts. However, we demonstrate that silibinin can block the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in osteoclast precursors in response to RANKL. Furthermore, silibinin attenuates the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) expression during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We demonstrate that silibinin can inhibit $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced osteoclastogenesis as well as the expression of NFATc1 and OSCAR. Taken together, our results indicate that silibinin has the potential to inhibit osteoclast formation by attenuating the downstream signaling cascades associated with RANKL and $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.226-231
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• 2012

The effect of cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris JLM 0636 ($CM{\alpha}$) and Cordyceps militaris (CM) on fibrinolytic activity was investigated. The bioactive compounds and nutritional materials such as polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, glutathione, minerals, and fatty acids were also measured. Concentrations of polyphenol compounds, flavonoids, and glutathione were higher in $CM{\alpha}$ than that in CM. The major minerals of both materials were K, Ca, Mg, and Na. The major fatty acids of both materials were linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. Fibrinolytic activity was higher in $CM{\alpha}$ than that in CM. These results may provide the basic data to understand the fibrinolytic activity and bioactive compounds of $CM{\alpha}$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2016

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound present in many fruits and vegetables such as grapes, mulberries, and peanuts, has been reported to have various biological effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resveratrol-induced apoptosis in A549 ovarian cancer cells are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on A549 lung cancer cells (expressing wild-type p53) and compared it with that observed for SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells (expressing null-type p53). Resveratrol significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, compared with its effects on SKOV3 cells. It also induced A549 cell apoptosis, but did not affect anoikis resistance. Furthermore, the viability and proliferation of p53-knockdown A549 cells were unaffected by the presence of resveratrol. Therefore, we demonstrate that the anticancer effect of resveratrol against A549 lung cancer cells is dependent on the presence of functional p53.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.946-950
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• 2009

Chemical components and antioxidative activities of white ginseng, red ginseng and extruded white ginseng (EWG) were evaluated. Extrusion condition was 20% moisture content, 100 and $140^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. The results showed that total sugar and acidic polysaccharide contents of white ginseng powder were increased after extrusion treatment of which EWG at $140^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature had higher value than EWG at $100^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. Free radical scavenging activity of EWG at $140^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature was 80.2 and 45.6% respectively. The butanol fraction of polyphenolic compound and acidic polysaccharide were $27.2{\pm}0.1\;mg/g$ and $217.6{\pm}0.7\;mg/g$, respectively. The ginsenosides were quantified by HPLC and the yield of ginsenoside-Rg3s and Rg3r were achieved by extrusion process.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 2011

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound frequently found in the diet, and its physiological actions have been extensively investigated. In the present study, modulation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of resveratrol at different pHs by various antioxidants were investigated. To measure its antioxidant effects, resveratrol was incubated at different pHs, including 6.5, 7.4, and 8.0. Resveratrol incubated at pH 6.5 showed significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, whereas resveratrol incubated at pH 8.0 did not show antioxidant effects. Resveratrol produced much higher amounts of $H_2O_2$ at pH 8.0 than 7.4. The cytotoxic effects of resveratrol on HeLa cells were significantly enhanced by several antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and ascorbic acid. The present results suggest that resveratrol shows anti- or pro-oxidant effects in different cellular organelles according to the pH conditions, and blocking of reactive oxygen species from resveratrol enhances its cytotoxic effects.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the various bioactive components of five olive oil varieties, as well as to assess their contribution to the oxidative stability of the oils. Fatty acids, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, ${\beta}$-carotene, total flavonoids, total phenols, and certain phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO; blended, arbequina, hojiblanca, and picual) and pure olive oil (POO) were examined. Oxidation stability was evaluated by the peroxide value (POV). The total content of all the studied antioxidant compounds was significantly higher in the EVOOs than the POO (p<0.05). Among the EVOOs, picual had the highest levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($10.18{\pm}0.40\;mg/100\;g$), ${\beta}$-carotene ($557{\pm}8\;{\mu}g/100\;g$), and total phenols ($110.7{\pm}1.3\;mg/g$), which correlated strongly with antioxidative capacity. Furthermore, the lowest POV occurred in picual EVOO and correlated with the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, C16:1 and C18:1) and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, C18:2 and C18:3) compositions, suggesting the ratio of MUFA to PUFA is a critical parameter for the oxidative stability of olive oil. Our results indicate that the oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of EVOO depends not only on the antioxidant vitamins, but also on the amount of phenolic compounds and fatty acid profile of the oil.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring water-soluble polyphenolic pigments in plants that have been shown to protect against cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, as well as other chronic human disorders. However, the anti-obesity effects of anthocyanins are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of anthocyanins isolated from the fruit of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our data indicated that anthocyanins attenuated the terminal differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as confirmed by a decrease in the number of lipid droplets, lipid content, and triglyceride production. During this process, anthocyanins effectively enhanced the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); however, this phenomenon was inhibited by the co-treatment of compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK. Anthocyanins also inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a and b, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. In addition, anthocyanins were found to potently inhibit the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, including adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, leptin, and fatty acid synthase. These results indicate that anthocyanins have potent anti-obesity effects due to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis, and thus may have applications as a potential source for an anti-obesity functional food agent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2018

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound, which is a naturally occurring phytochemical and is found in a variety of plants, including food such as grapes, berries and peanuts. Although several studies have demonstrated that resveratrol possesses anti-cancer activity against various types of human cancer, the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated overcome drug resistance potential are unclear. In this study, we determined whether resveratrol attenuates drug resistance responses in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer (SNUC5/5-FUR) cells. Treatment with resveratrol significantly enhanced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with the modulation of anti- and/or pro-apoptotic protein expression, activation of caspases and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Resveratrol treatment also increased the induction of autophagy through up-regulation of autophagy-related genes such as Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, P62 and beclin-1. However, blocking of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 reduced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that resveratrol-induced autophagy functions as a cell death mechanism in SNUC5/5-FU cells. Although the further studies are needed, these findings suggest that resveratrol may have therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in colon cancer patients.