• 제목/요약/키워드: polymethylene bridge

검색결과 10건 처리시간 0.025초

Preparation of Dinuclear, Constrained Geometry Zirconium Complexes with Polymethylene Bridges and an Investigation of Their Polymerization Behavior

  • Noh, Seok-Kyun;Jiang, Wen-Long
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 2004
  • We have prepared the polymethylene-bridged, dinuciear, half-sandwich constrained geometry catalysts (CGC)[Zr(η$\^$5/:η$^1$-C$\_$9/H$\_$5/SiMe$_2$NCMe$_3$)]$_2$[(CH$_2$)$\_$n/][n=6(9), n=12(10)]by treating 2 equivalents of ZrCl$_4$with the corresponding tetralithium salts of the ligands in toluene. $^1$H and $\^$13/C NMR spectra of the synthesized complexes provide firm evidence for the anticipated dinuciear structure. In $^1$H NMR spectra, two singlets representing the methyl group protons bonded at the Si atom of the CGC are present at 0.88 and 0.64 ppm, which are considerably downfield positions relative to the shifts of 0.02 and 0.05 ppm of the corresponding ligands. To investigate the catalytic behavior of the prepared dinuciear catalysts, we conducted copolymerizations of ethylene and styrene in the presence of MMAO. The prime observation is that the two dinuclear CGCs 9 and 10 are not efficient for copo-lymerization, which definitely distinguishes them from the corresponding titanium-based dinuclear CGC. These species are active catalysts, however, for ethylene homopolymerization; the activity of catalyst 10, which contains a 12-methylene bridge, is larger than that of 9 (6-methylene bridge), which indicates that the presence of the longer bridge between the two active sites contributes more effectively to facilitate the polymerization activity of the dinuciear CGC. The activities increase as the polymerization temperature increases from 40 to 70$^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the molecular weights of the polyethylenes are reduced when the polymerization temperature is increased. We observe that dinuciear metallocenes having different-length bridges give different polymerization results, which reconfirms the significant role that the nature of the bridging ligand has in controlling the polymerization properties of dinuclear catalysts.

폴리메틸렌 다리를 가진 Dinuclear Half-Titanocene 합성과 이에 의한 스티렌 중합 연구 (Preparation of Polymethylene-bridged Half-Titanocenes and Investigation of Their Styrene Polymerization Properties)

  • 태원태;김상현;노석균;김태학;이동호
    • 폴리머
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.159-167
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    • 2000
  • 폴리메틸렌 다리를 가진 3가지 dinuclear half-titanocene [(CH$_2$)$_{n}$(C$_{5}$ H$_4$)$_2$[TiCl$_3$]$_2$(n=5(10), 7(11), 9(12))을 합성하고 이들의 중합특성을 조사하였다. 이들은 해당되는 리간드의 리튬염을 trimethyltin chloride와 미리 반응시켜 얻을 distannyl기가 치환된 리간드를 TiCl$_4$와 반응시키는 경로를 통해 합성될 수 있었다. 합성된 화합물들은 IR, $^1$H NMR, $^{13}$C NMR과 질량분석기를 통해 구조와 조성을 규명하였다. 합성된 dinuclear half-titanocene의 중합특성을 조사하기 위해 조촉매 MMAO 존재 하에서 스티렌의 중합실험을 진행하였으며, 그 결과 (i) 합성된 세 가지의 촉매는 모두 SPS를 제조하는데 성공적인 촉매였으며, ( ii ) 촉매 중에서는 CpTiCl$_3$ 사이가 가장 긴 다리리간드로 연결된 화합물 12가 활성면에서는 가장 높았으나 생성된 고분자의 분자량은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이런 결과들은 다리리간드인 polymethylene이 미치는 전기적 및 입체적 영향으로 설명될 수 있다. 다리의 길이가 길어지면 polymethylene이 가지는 전자주게 특성이 활성점을 안정화시켜 활성을 향상시키며, 다리의 길이가 길어지면 두 활성점 사이의 거리가 멀어져 활성점 사이에 작용하는 입체적인 영향을 감소시켜 정지반응인 $\beta$-H 제거가 잘 일어나 생성되는 syndiotactic polystyrene의 분자량이 감소하게 된다.다.

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Reaction of Ru(tpy)$Cl_3$ with N,N,C-Terdentates, 3,2'-Annulated-6-(2"-pyridyl)-2-phenylpyridines

  • 장영동;박재규
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제20권10호
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    • pp.1200-1204
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    • 1999
  • The reactions of Ru(tpy)Cl3 (tpy = 2,2';6',2"-terpyridine) with new N,N,C-terdentate ligands, 3,2'-annulated-6-(2"-pyridyl)-2-phenylpyridines (1, HL) and the properties of their Ru(II) complexes are described. The distribution ratio of the two possible Ru(II) complexes, a pentaaza-coordinated complex [Ru(tpy)(1-N,N')Cl]+ and a cycloruthenated complex [Ru(tpy)(La-N,N',C)]+ are highly dependent on the length of the polymethylene unit. The trimethylene bridge of the N,N,C-terdentate in pentaaza-coordinated complex is rigid enough to induce an asymmetry in the complex.

두 금속 Constrained Geometry Complexes을 이용한 에틸렌과 스티렌 공중합 연구; 다리결합 길이의 영향 (Studies on Ethylene and Styrene Copolymerizations with Dinuclear Constrained Geometry Complexes; Effects of Length of Bridge)

  • 윤근병;배상근;이철우;노석균;이동호
    • 폴리머
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.432-436
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    • 2006
  • 인덴과 메틸인덴 리간드를 가지고 폴리메틸렌 다리결합으로 구성된 두 금속 CGC (constrained geometry complexes) 촉매를 합성하여 에틸렌과 스티렌 공중합을 행하였다. 촉매 구조에 따른 공중합 활성과 공중합체의 구조 및 열적 성질을 조사하였다. 12-메틸렌 및 9-메틸렌 다리결합을 가진 촉매의 환성은 상업용 CGC 촉매와 6-메틸렌 다리결합을 가진 촉매의 활성보다 4배 이상 높게 나타났는데, 이는 6-메틸렌 다리결합은 입체적으로 중심금속간은 인접한 거리에 위치하게 되어 입체장애에 의해 촉매활성이 감소하게 된다. 다리결합의 길이가 긴 두 금속촉매를 사용하여 제조한 공중합체의 스티렌 함량이 6-45 mol%로 나타났으며, 단량체 공급비([Styrene]/[Ethylene])가 5.0 이상에서는 다리결합의 길이가 긴 촉매로 얻은 공중합체의 $T_m$이 관찰되지 않는 비결정의 공중합체가 생성되었으며, 스티렌의 함량이 증가할수록 공중합체의 $T_m$은 급격히 감소하여 스티렌 함량이 약 11mol% 이상에서는 결정성이 없는 랜덤 공중합체가 생성되었다. C-NMR로 공중합체의 미세구조를 분석한 결과 스티렌 블록이 존재하지 않는 랜덤 공중합체임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Copolymerization of Ethylene and Norbornene via Polymethylene Bridged Dinuclear Constrained Geometry Catalysts

  • Zhu, Yin-Bang;Jeong, Eung-Yeong;Lee, Bae-Wook;Kim, Bong-Shik;Noh, Seok-Kyun;Lyoo, Won-Seok;Lee, Dong-Ho;Kim, Yong-Man
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.430-436
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    • 2007
  • The dinuclear half-sandwich CGCs (constrained geometry catalyst) with a polymethylene bridge, $[Ti({\eta}^5 : {\eta}^1-indenyl)SiMe_2NCMe_3]_2(CH_2)_n]$[n = 6 (1) and 12 (2)], have been employed in the copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene (NBE). To compare the mononuclear metallocene catalysts; $Ti({\eta}^5 : {\eta}^1-2-hexylindenyl)SiMe_2NCMe_3$ (3), $(Cp^* SiMe_2NCMe_3)$Ti (Dow CGC) (4) and ansa-$Et(Ind)_2ZrCI_2$ (5), were also studied for the copolymerization of ethylene and NBE. It was found that the activity increased in the order: 1 < 2 < 3 < 5 < 4, indicating that the presence of the bridge between two the CGC units contributed to depressing the polymerization activity of the CGCs. This result strongly suggests that the implication of steric disturbance due to the presence of the bridge may playa significant role in slowing the activity. Dinuclear CGCs have been found to be very efficient for the incorporation of NBE onto the polyethylene backbone. The NBE contents in the copolymers formed ranged from 10 to 42%, depending on the polymerization conditions. Strong chemical shifts were observed at ${\delta}$42.0 and 47.8 of the isotactic alternating NBE sequences, NENEN, in the copolymers with high NBE contents. In addition, a resonance at 47.1 ppm for the sequences of the isolated NBE, EENEE, was observed in the $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of the copolymers with low NBE contents. The absence of signals for isotactic dyad at 48.1 and 49.1 ppm illustrated there were no isotactic or microblock (NBE-NBE) sequences in the copolymers. This result indicated that the dinuclear CGCs were effective for making randomly distributed ethylene-NBE copolymers.

Photohysical Properties of New Psoralen Derivatives:Psoralens Linked to Adenine through Polymethylene Chains

  • Yoo, Dong-Jin;Park, Hyung-Du;Kim, Ae-Rhan;Rho, Young S.;Shim, Sang-Chul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제23권9호
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    • pp.1315-1327
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    • 2002
  • The model compounds, 8-methoxypsoralen-CH2O(CH2)n-adenine (MOPCH2OCnAd, n=2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10) in which 5 position of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is linked by various lengths of polymethylene bridge to N9 of adenine. UV absorption spectra are identical with the sum of MOPCH2OC3 and adenine absorption spectra. Solvent effects on the UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra indicate that the lowest excited singlet state is the $(\pi${\rightarrow}$\pi*)$ state. The spectral characteristics of the fluorescence of MOPCH2OCnAd are strongly dependent upon the nature of the solvents. The fluorescence emission spectra in aprotic solvents are broad and structureless due to the excimer formation through the folded conformation accelerated by hydrophobic ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interaction. Increasing polarity of the protic solvents leads to higher population of unfolded conformation stabilized through favorable solvation and H-bonding, and consequently to an increase in the fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime, and a shift of fluorescence maximum to longer wavelengths. The decay characteristics of the fluorescence in polar protic solvents shows two exponential decays with the lifetimes of 0.6-0.8 and 1.6-1.9 ns in 5% ethanol/water, while MOPCH2OC3 shows 0.5 and 1.7 ns fluorescence lifetimes. The long-lived component of fluorescence can be attributed to the relaxed species (i.e., the species for which the solvent reorientation (or relaxation) has occurred), while the short-lived components can be associated with the unrelaxed, or only partially relaxed, species.

Reaction Properties of Dinuclear Metallocenes

  • Noh Seok-Kyun;Jeong Eung-Yeong;Qei Duang Huang Dan;Lyoo Won-Seok
    • 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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    • pp.224-225
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    • 2006
  • The Ethylene polymerization behavior of a series of polymethylene bridged dinuclear CGC $[Zr({\eta}^{5}:{\eta}^{1}-C_{9}H_{5}SiMe_{2}NCMe_{3})Me_{2}]_{2}[(CH_{2})_{n}]\;[_{n}=6(1),\;9(2),\;12(3)]$ in the cocatalytic activation with $Ph_{3}C^{+}B^{-}(C_{6}F_{5})_{4}\;(B_{1})\;or\;Ph_{3}C^{+}(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}B^{-}C_{6}F_{4}B^{-}(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}Ph_{3}C^{+}\;(B_{2})\;or\;B(C_{6}F_{5})_{3}\;(B_{3})$ were investigated to study the nuclearity effects as well as the counteranion effects. The ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization were conducted at $30^{\circ}C$ It was found that both in ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization, activities increased in the order of 1 < 2 < 3, which indicates the presence of longer bridge between two active sites contributes more efficiently to facilitate the polymerization activity.

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폴리메틸렌 다리로 연결된 양이온 이핵 CGC를 이용한 에틸렌과 1-헥센의 공중합 (Copolymerization of Ethylene and 1-Hexene via Polymethylene Bridged Cationic Dinuclear Constrained Geometry Catalysts)

  • 비안팽링;당황단웨이;류원석;이동호;노석균;김용만
    • 폴리머
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.497-504
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    • 2007
  • 길이가 다른 폴리메틸렌 다리로 연결된 이핵 CGC(Constrained geometry catalyst) $[Zr({\eta}^5\;:\;{\eta}^1-C_9H_5-SiMe_2NCMe_3)Me_2]_2\;[(CH_2)_n]$ [n=6(4), 9(5), 12(6)]를 2 당량의 MeLi과 대응되는 염소화합물을 반응시켜 합성하고 이들의 구조를 확인하였다. 합성된 이핵메탈로센의 중합 특성을 에틸렌과 1-hexene의 공중합을 통해 조사하였다. 이때에 사용된 조촉매로는 일반 조촉매 $Ph_3C^+[B(C_6F_5)_4]^-\;(B_1)$$(B(C_6F_5)_5)_3\;(B_3)$ 그리고 이핵조촉매 $Ph_3C^+[(C_6F_5)_3B-C_6F_4-B(C_6F_5)_3]^{2-}\;(B_2)$을 이용하였다. 중합 결과 촉매의 활성은 이핵메탈로센에서는 다리길이가 길수록 크게 나타났으며, 조촉매에서는 이핵조촉매가 가장 낮은 활성을 보였다. 조촉매의 특성은 공중합체에 존재하는 가지의 함량에서 잘 나타났다. 이핵조촉매($B_2$)를 사용하면 가장 가지수가 작은 고분자가 생성되었고, 조촉매 $B_3$에서 가장 많은 가지를 가진 공중합체가 생성되었다.

폴리메틸렌 가지로 연결된 이핵 아릴옥시 티타늄 화합물을 이용한 스티렌의 신디오탁틱 중합 (Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene Catalyzed by Dinuclear (Cyclopentadienyl) (Aryloxy) Titanium(IV) Complexes with Polymethylene Bridge)

  • 금돈호;정우성;김경식;노석균;이동호;류원석
    • 폴리머
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2006
  • 길이가 다른 폴리메틸렌 가지로 연결되고 chloride 대신 aryloxy 기가 치환된 dinuclear half-titanocene $[(\eta^5-cyclopentadienyl)(aryloxy)TiCl_2]_2[(CH_2)_n]$ (n=3, n=6, n=0)를 합성하고 이들의 중합특성을 조사하였다. Chloride 대신 치환된 aryloxy기는 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy를 사용하였다. 합성된 3 종류의 dinuclear half-titanocene은 $^1H\;NMR,\;^{13}C\;NMR$, 원소분석, 그리고 질량분석을 통해 구조와 조성을 규명하였다 3가지 화합물의 중합특성을 비교 조사하기 위해 조촉매(MMAO) 존재 하에서 스티렌의 중합실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 (i) 합성된 3 가지 촉매들은 모두 스티렌 중합으로부터 SPS(syndiotactic polystyrene)를 제조하는데 성공적인 촉매였고, (ii) 3화합물 중에서 다리리간드의 길이가 가장 긴 화합물 6이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으나 가장 낮은 분자량의 SPS를 생성하였으며, (iii) aryloxy로 치환된 촉매가 치환되기 전의 chloride화합물에 비해 더 높은 활성을 보이는 치환체의 효과가 관찰되었다 이 결과들은 dinuclear half-titanocene에 있어서의 촉매 특성은 다리리간드의 종류와 함께 티타늄에 결합된 음이온의 특성도 촉매의 중합특성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것임을 보여주는 것이다.