• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2003

IPMC(Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) is promising candidate material for bio-related actuators mainly due to its biocompatibility and wet and soft properties. The widely used commercialized Nafion film has a few kinds of fixed thicknesses but more various film thicknesses are required for extensive applications. Especially for the enhanced force as an actuator, the thick film is essential. Various Nafion films with thickness of 0.4-1.2mm have been prepared by casting of liquid Nafion. Also, IPMC actuators using casted Nafion films have been fabricated and the basic mechanical properties such as stiffness, displacement and force were measured and analyzed. These results can be used for the optimized design of actuators for different applications.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2002

Ultra-thin polymer films containing cobalt(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin(CoTPP) have been prepared by vacuum codeposition of the metal complex and trans-2-butene as an organic monomer using an inductively coupled RF glow discharge operating at 7-9 Watts. The polymer films were characterized by sorption measurements. Sorption data obtained for polymer films containing CoTPP indicate that the CoTPP molecules are capable of reversibly binding oxygen molecules. It was found that the adjacent CoTPP molecules in the aggregated metal complex phase could irreversibly share the oxygen molecules. A dispersion of the metal complex molecules in the polymer matrix was made to maintain the reversible reactivity of the metal complex molecules with oxygen in the polymer films via vacuum evaporation process. The Henry mode solubility constant, the Langmuir mode capacity constant, the amount of binding oxygen, and the dissociation equilibrium in the dual mode sorption theory were discussed.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.599-605
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• 2012

기상중합으로 제조된 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) 박막을 다양한 금속 알콕사이드 졸 용액으로 후처리하여 내용제성, 내스크래치성, 연필경도와 같은 물리화학적 특성을 효과적으로 개선하였다. 기상중합으로 제조된 PEDOT 층위에 금속 알콕사이드의 졸-젤 공정으로부터 유도된 금속 산화막이 형성되어 전기적 특성의 큰 손실 없이 기계적 물성을 증대시킬 수 있었다. 금속 알콕사이드 졸은 다양한 기능기를 가지는 실리콘 및 티타늄계 알콕사이드 화합물을 사용하였다. 이 중에서 tetraethyl orthosilicate를 기반으로 한 금속 알콕사이드 졸을 사용한 경우의 PEDOT-금속산화물 복합 박막이 표면저항, 투과도 및 다양한 물리화학적 물성 관점에서 가장 우수하였다. PEDOT-금속산화물 복합 박막의 전기적, 광학적, 물리화학적 특성 관점에서의 최적화를 위하여 금속 알콕사이드 졸의 함량, 산화제 함량, 후처리 후의 건조온도에 따른 효과를 살펴보았다.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2016

이온성 고분자 복합물인 IPMC(Ionic Polymer Metal Composite)는 얇고 유연한 고분자 필름의 양면에 백금소재의 전극층이 도금된 형태로 구성되어 있다. IPMC는 외부 물리적 자극에 대응하여 전기적 에너지를 발생시키는 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에 주변환경에서 발생하는 진동으로부터 에너지를 획득하는데 응용될 수 있어 신재생에너지 획득 소자로 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 그러나 실용적인 에너지 획득을 위해서는 큰 면적의 IPMC 집적 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 IPMC의 면적 증가에 따른 출력 전압의 특성 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 다른 면적의 IPMC 샘플들이 사용되었다. 또한 IPMC에서 발생하는 전압과 오프셋 현상을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 회로 모델을 사용하여 출력 전압의 추정에 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 회로 모델이 면적 변화에 따른 출력 전압을 비교적 잘 추정함이 검증되었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2006

In order to overcome the weak actuation and relaxation problems during the deformation of IPMC actuator, polymeric anion (polystyrenesulfonate)-doped polypyrrole(Ppy(PSS)) was electrodeposited onto IPMC actuator. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study showed that hydrated cations were instilled into Ppy(PSS) film and polymeric-anion dopants introduced during polymerization were not expelled. Ppy(PSS)-coated IPMC actuator formed two electrode/electrolyte interfaces, Pt/nafion and Ppy(PSS)/bulk solution, and additive volume expansion phenomena at interfaces induced the large deformation compensating the relaxation of actuation by back diffusion of water.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2007

Hybrid thin film nanostructures composed of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and self-assembled polymer films with different spatial distributions of NPs were analyzed by optical waveguide spectroscopy (OWS). Specifically, the dielectric constants were calculated using effective medium theory for the incorporation of 1 vol% Au NP into the block copolymer (BCP) films having a cylindrical nanodomain morphology. Three cases were considered: uniform distribution of NPs in the film; selective distribution of NPs only in the cylindrical domains; and segregation of NPs to the center of the cylindrical domains. The optical waveguide spectra derived from the calculated dielectric constants demonstrate the feasibility of experimentally distinguishing the composite nanostructures with different inner morphologies in the hybrid metal NP-BCP nanostructures, by the measurement of the dielectric constants using OWS.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2011

Polymeric films of high chemical stability and mechanical strength covered with a thin metallic film have been extensively used in various fields as electric and electronic materials. In this study, we have chosen polypropylene (PP) as the polymer due to its outstanding chemical resistance and good creep resistance. We coated thin nickel film on PP films by the electroless plating process. The surfaces of PP films were pre-treated and modified to increase the adhesion strength of metal layer on PP films, prior to the plating process, by an environment-friendly process with atmospheric plasma generated using dielectric barrier discharges in air. The surface morphologies of the PP films were observed before and after the surface modification process using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The static contact angles were measured with deionized water droplets. The cross-sectional images of the PP films coated with thin metal film were taken with SEM to see the combined state between metallic and PP films. The adhesion strength of the metallic thin films on the PP films was confirmed by the thermal shock test and the cross-cutting and peel test. In conclusion, we made a composite material of metallic and polymeric films of high adhesion strength.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2013

For conventional electrical actuators, the materials are mainly made up of metals, which mean they are prone to corrosion and electrical sparking. Replacing these systems with polymer metal composite based materials can be solved both problems. Considering their excellent electromechanical property, low device fabrication cost, light weight, and good electrical conductivity, the actuator based on ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) was fabricated using Nafion film, NaOH 0.1 molar solution, and Au electrode. IPMCs exhibit good electrostatic property which means they can in principle be used in making actuators based on electromechanical motions. The resistance measurements of Nafion film after soaking in NaOH and deionized water were demonstrated and compared each other. The result of sample soaked in NaOH showed better electrical conductivity than in deionized water. The fabricated IPMC actuator exhibits a large deformation of bending displacement of approximately 9 mm with applied low AC voltage 6.89 V at 2.84 Hz. The result of computer simulation was also very similar and shown as a bending displacement of 8.6085 mm.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2003

IPMC(Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) is a highly sensitive actuator that shows a large deformation in presence of low applied voltage. Generally, IPMC can be fabricated by electroless plating of platinum on both sides of a Nafion (perfluorosulfonic acid) film. When a commercial Nafion film is used as a base structure of the IPMC membrane, the micro-pump structure and the IPMC membrane are fabricated separately and then later assembled, which makes the fabrication inefficient. Therefore, fabrication of an IPMC membrane and the micro-pump structure on a single wafer without the need of assembly have been developed. The silicon wafer was partially etched to hold liquid Nafion to be casted and a 60-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick IPMC membrane was realized. IPMC membranes with various size were fabricated by casting and they showed 4-2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ displacements from $4mm{\times}4mm$ , $6mm{\times}6mm$, $8mm{\times}8mm$ membranes at the applied voltage ranging from 2Vp-p to 5Vp-p at 0.5Hz. The displacement of the fabricated IPMC membranes is fairly proportional to the membrane area and the applied voltage.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2002

Ionic Polymer metal composite(IPMC), one of new actuation materials of EAPs is fabricated by electroless plating of platinum on both sides of the perfluorosulfonic acid film or Nafion film and its electromechanical characteristics are investigated. The IPMC strip bends towards anode under electrical field. As the number of plating cycle increases, the distance between plated platinum electrodes on both sides of Nafion membrane decreases and also the displacement is almost inversely proportional to the number of plating. The displacement of IPMC strip depends on voltage magnitude and applied signal frequency and its maximum deformation is observed at a critical frequency, resonant frequency. Low pressure sandblasting is used for surface treatment of Nafion membrane and at 8 times of plating cycle produced actuator with high displacement performance. For more efficiency of fabricated IPMC, it is useful to add one or two surface developing step which is the second reduction process using hydrazine.