• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of polymannuronate feeding on cholesterol levels of serum, liter tissue, and feces in rats. After one week of general diet feeding, four week old S.D. rats were fed basal group, cholesterol diet group (1$\%$ cholesterol), and rolymannuronate diet group (1$\%$ cholesterol,5$\%$ polymannuronate). The total cholesterol levels in the serum and liver tissue was significantly decreased in the polymannuronate diet group. The polymannuronate diet group showed increased amounts of feces, total fecal bile acid and dietary fiber contents compared to basal diet group and cholesterol diet groups. Also, the histology of liver showed serious localized fat drops in the cholesterol diet group, but the polymannuronate diet group showed fewer localized fat drops. These results suggest that feeding of polymannuronate improves the lipid metabolism profile of rats by changing the serum and liver tissue cholesterol levels with increased level of the total bile acid, total dietary fiber and total cholesterol level in the feces.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

The investigation of the textural characteristics of sponge cake with addition of polymannuronate(obtained from the polysaccharide, component of brown seaweed), were studied in order to assess the potential of polymannuronate as a dietary fiber and fat substitute. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of sponge cake were tended to progressively decrease in the response to the addition of polymannuronate. Low-butter treatment with constant level of polymannuronate increased hardness, gumminess, and chewiness while brittleness and springiness decreased. Sensory evaluation of sponge cake indicated that addition of polymannuronate(optimally at 3 and 5 w/w%), enhanced springiness, cohesiveness, and overall acceptability. The overall acceptability decreased P5C, P3C and P1C, P5B and control in the order. These results highlight the potential of polymannuronate as promising dietary fiber and fat substitute in sponge cake without compromising the textural characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2015

The dietary fiber alginic acid has no nutritional value; however, it decreases the utilization of nutrients by the body and can prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, constipation, and colon cancer. The low-molecular-weight alginic acid polymannuronate improves serum and liver lipid metabolism by decreasing cholesterol levels in high-cholesterol groups and may be used to control high blood pressure. Previously, we showed that polymannuronate, a physiologically active agent from seaweed, has a lipid-lowering effect and preventative role in colon cancer. In addition, the differentiation of polymannuronate-treated adipocytes was inhibited, triggering decreased leptin expression. This study examined ways to increase dietary satisfaction with and improve the nutritional quality of polymannuronate using hamburger buns supplemented with polymannuronate. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the control group was fed hamburger buns containing 6% gluten, while the experimental group was fed hamburger buns containing 6% gluten and 10% polymannuronate. The serum triglyceride, phospholipid, and total and free cholesterol levels of the rats in the experimental group were decreased compared with those of the controls. The serum aspartate aminotransferase activity levels did not differ between the two groups. This study demonstrates that polymannuronate has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and may be commercially useful.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.857-862
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• 2005

This study investigated the proliferation and DNA synthesis inhibitory effect of concentrations ($0.01\%$, $0.1\%$, $0.25\%$, $0.5\%$) when added whole molecular-, 40 kDa-, or 10 kDa polymannuronate on human colon cancer cells, HT-29, DLD-1, and WiDr, in vitro. In order to determine the proliferation inhibitory effect of low-molecularized polymannuronate, the treatment of whole molecular-, 40 kDa-, 10 kDa-, polymannuronate ($0.25\%$) to the HT-29 cancer cells inhibited proliferation of cancer cells by $41\%$, $69.1\%$, and $75.6\%$, respectively. DLD-1 cancer cell was not relation of molecular weight and concentration. WiDr cancer cell depend on concentration without molecular weight. In addition, whole molecular-, 40 kDa-, 10 kDa poly mannuronate ($0.25\%$) significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of HT-29 cancer .cells by $78\%$, $58\%$, and $56\%$, respectively. And morphological changes not found under microscope by polymannuronate. Therefore polymannuronate would be helpful to colon cancer treatment as well as cancer prevention and this study would be the basic source for further research of polymannuronate.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

The optimum conditions for springiness of polymannuronate acorn mook, in which polymannuronate was added to acorn powder, was investigated by the response-surface method(RSM). The fractional factorial design with three variables, i.e. polymannuronate addition, water addition and boiling time, and with three levels revealed that the range of acorn springiness was $0.804{\sim}0.987$. The governing equation was also partially differentiated for boiling time, showing that the optimum manufacturing condition for $90^{\circ}C$ is addition of 2% polymannuronate, addition of 120 mL of water, and 60 minutes of boiling time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.568-572
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of polymannuronate feeding on cholesterol levels and leptin in the serum and liver of Sprague-Dawely rats. After one week of basal diet feeding, four week old S.D. male rats were fed with polymannuronate. The feeding efficiency of the polymannuronate fed group averaged around 0.27, which was 0.02-0.03 lower than that of the control group, and liver weight, also had a lower increase. The liver tissue tagging of rats by staining fat drops increased in the cholesterol fed group. RIA and RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of leptin in the serum and liver of rats. The polymannuronate fed group had a larger reduction in the serum and liver leptin than the cholesterol fed group. The RT-PCR results showed that leptin mRNA was expressed in the liver. The polymannuronate fed group had a larger reduction in liver leptin mRNA expression than the cholesterol fed group. The above results suggest that feeding of polymannuronate improves the physiological function of rats by changing serum and liver lipid composition and the expression of leptin was repressed at a molecular level.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

The cholesterol and fatty acid levels in serum and liver were compared in 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley male fed by addition of polymannuronate (M, 5.0％), polyguluronate (G, 5.0％), and polymannuronate and polyguluronate (MG, 2.5％ to each) with by addition of cholesterol (1.0％). Feed efficiency by the addition of M, MG, and G was lower than cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). The liver weights were less in M, MG, and G fed groups than in cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). Triglyceride levels in serum and liver were 58.2∼77.4％ and 51.5∼65.5％ lower in M, G and MG fed groups than cholesterol fed group, respectively. Total-, LDL-, and free-cholesterol levels in serum and liver in M, MG, and G fed group were significantly lower than cholesterol fed group. The cholesterol levels were the most reduced in M fed group. However, HDL- cholesterol level in serum was increased in M, MG, and G fed group (p＜0.01). The of polyene levels were 47％ higher in serum and 76％ in liver in M fed group than in cholesterol fed group. The activities of GOT and GPT were lower in M, MG, and G fed group than in cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). Above the results demonstrate that supplementation of low molecular polymannuronate in diets improve physiologically lipid composition in serum and liver.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1097-1100
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• 2009

New types of conducting polyaniline-polymannuronate (PANI-PM) composites were synthesized by in situ deposition techniques in an aqueous media. By dissolving different weight percentage of polymannuronate (PM) (5, 10, 15, and 25%), the oxidative polymerization of aniline was carried out using ammonium per sulfate as an oxidant. The obtained composites were studied for their thermal stability and electrochemical behavior. The thermal stability of PANI-PM composites is lower than PANI, which supports a strong interaction between PANI and PM. However, the composites show an appreciable electrochemical behavior. Based on these observation the PANI-PM composites can be explored in different fields such as electric devices, sensors, functional coatings, etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1543-1546
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• 2009

Temperature and frequency dependent AC conductivity behavior has been studied for the chemically synthesized polyaniline-polymannuronate (PANI-PM) composites. The temperature (300 - 500 K) and frequency (100 - $10^6$ Hz) dependent AC conductivity suggests evidence for the transport mechanism in PANI-PM composites. The frequency dependence of AC conductivity has been investigated by the power law. The frequency exponent (s) is determined, and the data suggest that s decreases with temperature. The variation of s with temperature suggests that AC conduction is due to the correlated barrier hopping.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.2423-2426
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• 2008