• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.370-379
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• 2004

Highly crosslinked micron-size monodispersed PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were prepared using seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization. PMMA and PS seed particles were synthesized by seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization and soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were obtained using semi-batch type emulsion polymerized using divinyl benzene as a cross-linkable monomer in the presence of seed particles. PMMA particles with size of ca. 730 nm and polydispersity of 1.03 were successfully prepared in this experiment. PS particles with size of ca. 1.5 ${\mu}m$ and polydispersity of 1.01 were prepared in this experiment. Highly crosslinked PS/PDVB particles with size of ca. 1.3 ${\mu}m$ and polydispersity of 1.00 were obtained.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1997

In this study, the ultrasonic irradiation in elevated pressure was used to alter the molecular weight and MWD of polystyrene. The high pressure reactor was filled with 0.5w/v% polystyrene solution, and then it was pressurized from 500psi to 4000psi. The ultrasound was irradiated in 10 minutes at each pressure, and the extract was collected and analyzed by GPC. Molecular weight distribution was predicted by log-normal and Schulz distribution function. The average molecular weight and polydispersity of polystyrene were decreased, as the pressure applied during the ultrasonic irradiation was increase. It was able to fractionate polymer material and control polydispersity by adjusting pressure in the ultrasonic irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2007

Fully-grown flocs in a mixing tank of membrane filtration with dead-end membrane are ruptured while passing through a pump and the ruptured flocs are aggregated again in a Membrane-Feed-Pipe (MFP). To look at more details, this study tries to relate the reaggregation to a parameter of mixing intensity in MFP, i.e., G-value. The G-value is a function of Reynolds number, pipe diameter, friction factor and average velocity in MFP. To deal with polydispersity condition, we develop a representative particle size called in this study EDPD (Effective Diameter for Polydispersity condition in Dead-end filtration). The experimental results show that as the G-value increases, the EDPD decreases and also the cake resistance increases. Through comparison between EDPD and cake resistance, these results show that cake resistances are controlled by reaggregation phenomenon in MFP. The effect of detention time in MFP, however, does not affect the reaggregation of the broken flocs as G-values are increased.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

유변물성 자료로부터 고분자의 다분산성을 예측하는 방법은 신속한 중합반응 공정 제어를 위해서 중요한 연구분야중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 분자량과 분자량 분포를 가진 폴리에틸렌에 대한 Shroff와 macridis 가 제시한 다분산성 매개변수 ER과 ET를 구하 고 겔투과 크로마토그래피에서 얻은 Mw/Mn과의 상관관계를 조상하였다. Mw/Mn과 비례적 인 상관관계를 보여주었으나 ET는 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. ER값에는 분자량 분포 도 외에 LCB의영향도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 분자량 분포중에서 고분자량 부분의 미미 한 변화에도 ER이 크게 변해 GPC보다 다분산성의 변화를 더 민감하게 예측할수 있음을 알 수있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1998

A new technology was introduced to the emulsion polymerization. It is the ultrasonic activation method which replaced a chemical initiator and the environmentally benign process. In this study, free radicals were produced by a pulse type ultrasound energy irradiation, then polystyrene latex was polymerized without chemical initiator. With ultrasonic energy density, the degree of polymerization, average molecular weight, and particle size were increased, but the polydispersity index for the molecular weight and the particle size were decreased. The optimum condition of emulsifier concentration and temperature was found to be 1.0 wt.% SDS and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a result, the emulsion polymerization process without chemical initiator was proved to be comparable to common latex properties such as average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, particle size, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2 s.17
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• pp.109-117
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• 2004

We synthesized energetic prepolymer(2-nitrato ethyl oxirane, NEO) for plastic-bonded explosive and measured its thermodynamic parameters. 2-Nitrato ethyl oxirane(NEO) as a monomer was synthesized from 4-butene-ol, the first-step was preparation of 1-nitrate-3-butene and second-step was synthesized 2-nitrate-ethyl oxirane from 1nitrate-3-butene and then polymerized by cationic ring opening polymerization. The unreacted monomer concentration was measured by GC. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the ceiling temperature(Tc) values of 1 mole monomer at each reaction temperature. We varied feed rate of monomer, concentration of initiator and monomer to control molecular weight and polydispersity of perpolymer(NEO). Number average molecular weight(Mn), polydispersity(PD), and glass transition temperature(Tg), viscosity of prepolymer(NEO) were 2000, 1.07, $-55^{\circ}C$ and 300 poise respectively.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.18
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• pp.277-287
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• 1998

In this work continuous thermodynamics was adopted for describing the influence of copolymer polydispersity on phase separations in random copolymer solutions. Continuous themodynamic frameworks were formulated using the Flory-Huggin's excess Gibbs free energy model in which the concentration- and temperature-depentent terms of interaction parameter x were modified. Cloud-point curves and coexistence curves of poly(ethylene-vinylactate)/methylacetate solutions and poly(ehtylene-vinylacetate)/ethylacetate solutions were measured, and experimental data were fitted with theoretical relations formulated in this work. Calculated could-point curves were more good ageeable with experimental data than the modified Flory-Huggins's relations. Coexistence curves which were evaluated by using parameters of x estimated from experimental cloud-point curves, were found to coincide with experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2010

In this study, the performance improvement of epoxy resin system had been tried by the improvement of particle size distribution and globularization of filler using polymerization method. From the results of particle size distribution measurement, the polydispersity value of reformed filler was 1.04 and that of silica flour before reformation was 2.6, it could be confirmed that the particle size uniformity of reformed filler had been improved greatly and the shape of particle was globular. Compatibility between monomer and silica was improved remarkably with the silanization pretreatment of silica flour. From the results of degree of crosslinking test, it could be confirmed that the binding structure of reformed filler was 3-dimensional net structure. And it could be also confirmed that the fluidness was improved at the casting of epoxy resin with reformed filler. From the above results, it could be concluded that the reformation of filler with the improvement of particle size distribution and globularization was very successful method to improve the performance of cast epoxy resin system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.780-783
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• 2013

Recently, it has been reported that low molecular weight laminarin had the enhanced biological activities. In this study, molecular structure of low molecular weight laminarin prepared by ionizing irradiation was studied. Low molecular weight laminarin samples of 13.5, 8.5, 7, and 6 kDa were obtained from 15 kDa laminarin by irradiation. From gel permeation chromatography data, low molecular weight laminarin was shown to have low polydispersity. To define the changes of functional groups in laminarin with different molecular weights, Fourier-transform infrared analysis was carried out. There was found no significant changes of functional groups in low molecular weight laminarin, except the increase of carbonyl group. The granular fissures from scanning electron microscopy showed the breakage of glycosidic bond in low molecular weight laminarin. These results could be utilized for the investigation of the enhanced biological activities of low molecular weight polysaccharides including laminarin.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

The aims of this research were to produce oil-in-water ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin/alginate (${\beta}$-lg/Al) nanoemulsions loaded with coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and to investigate the combined effects of heating temperature and alginate concentration on the physicochemical properties and encapsulation efficiency of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. In ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions production, various heating temperatures (60, 65, and $70^{\circ}C$) and alginate concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) were used. A transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphologies of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions. Droplet size and zeta-potential values of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ were determined by electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotometer and HPLC, respectively. The spherically shaped ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions with the size of 169 to 220 nm were successfully formed. The heat treatments from 60 to $70^{\circ}C$ resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in droplet size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions, and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. As alginate concentration was increased from 0 to 0.05%, there was an increase in the polydispersity index of ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. This study demonstrates that heating temperature and alginate concentration had a major impact on the size, polydispersity, zeta-potential value and encapsulation efficiency of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ in ${\beta}$-lg/Al nanoemulsions.