• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1999

To elucidate the effect of elevated sublethal temperature ($33\pm1^{\circ}C$) on polyamine metabolism and oogenesis, we investigated alterations in the major polyamines and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and ovarian development during the pupal-adult development of the tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta. Ovaries ODC activity under the elevated sublethal temperature ($33\pm1^{\circ}C$) were lower than those of the optimal rearing temperature ($25\pm1^{\circ}C$). whereas ovarian ADC activity was consistently higher than the optimal rearing temperature ($25\pm1^{\circ}C$). When the gonads were exposed to the higher temperature, ovarian putrescine showed somewhat suppressed levels throughout development, indicating a relatively high correlationship with the alteration aspects in ODC or ADC activity under elevated sublethal temperature. A somewhat precocious ovary was observed in an early stage of development at $33\pm1^{\circ}C$, but cellular abnormalities occurred in this ovary. The ovary developed under elevated sublethal temperature was observed the inhibitional effect of polyamine metabolism and the abnormal development of ovariole, which seem to be related to the sterility.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 1997

The effects of DFMO or/and putrescine on the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of CEM cells were studied to investigate the role of polyamines in anti-leukemic glucocorticoid action. Dexamethasone- induced apoptosis was preceded by significant decreases of cellular polyamine contents and putrescine uptake activity. But DFMO produced decreases of putrescine and spermidine contents and marked increase of putrescine uptake activity, but did not induce apoptosis. However, dexamethasone and DFMO, respectively, induced $G_1-arrest$ in cell cycle and hypophosphorylation of pRb, resulting in the increase of $G_1$ to S ratio and decrease of CEM cell count. DFMO enhanced the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and $G_1-arrest$. On the other hand, putrescine little affected the apoptotic and $G_1-arresting$ activities of dexamethasone, but almost suppress the effects of DFMO and also the DFMO-dependent enhancement of dexamethasone effects. These results suggested that the dexamethasone-induced apoptosis to be associated with pRb hypophosphorylation and $G_1-arrest$ in CEM cells might be ascribed to the concomitant decreases of cellular polyamine contents and putrescine uptake activity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.895-900
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• 1995

Urinary free and acetylated polyamine profiles have been investigated for their potential usefulness as biochemical markers of cancer in a control of group comprised of healthy volunteers (32 cases) and patients with various types of cancers(48 cases). The nine (5 free and 4 acetylated) endogeneous polyamines were simultaneously determined by a sensitive capillary gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD). The newly modified (simple and convenient) method was developed and the compounds were isolated by adsorption onto silica gel and derivatized by heptafluorobutyric anhydride to enhance their specificity on gas chromatograms. The good quality-control data were obtained through the precision and accuracy test and the recovery range of them was 48.6 ~ 101.2 %. The Korean reference values of urinary polyamines were established and significant differences were found in cancer patients compared with normal subjects. Also, to eliminate subject variations, precursors to product concentration ratios were compared between cancer patients and control group. The ratios of both putrescine to spermidine and total (free plus acetylated) putrescine to total spermidine were significantly greater in cancer patients than in normal subjects.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

Polyamine dendrimers functionalized with electrochemiluminescent (ECL) polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes, dend-$[CO-(CH_2)_3-mbpy{\cdot}Ru(L)_2]_3(PF_6)_6$ (dend: N$(CH_2CH_2NH)_3$-, L: bpy, o-phen, phen-Cl, DTDP), were synthesized through the complexation of dendritic polypyridyl ligands to Ru(II) complexes. Their electrochemical redox potentials, photoluminescence (PL), and relative ECL intensities were studied. The ECL emissions produced by the reaction between the electro-oxidized $Ru^{3+}$ species of polyamine dendrimers and tripropylamine as a coreactant were measured in a static system with potential cycles between 0.8 and 1.3 V or through flow injection analysis with a potential of +1.3 V, and were compared to that of $[Ru(o-phen)_3](PF_6)_2{\cdot}Dend-[CO-(CH_2)_3-mbpy{\cdot}Ru(bpy)_2]_3(PF_6)_6$ showed an ECL intensity that was two-fold greater than that of the reference complex $[Ru(o-phen)_3](PF_6)_2$.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.398-405
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• 2005

Polyamines such as putrescine are small, ubiquitous polycationic molecules that are required for optimal growth of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. These molecules have diverse effects on cell physiology and their intracellular content is regulated by de novo synthesis and uptake from the environment. The studies presented here examined the structure of a putative polyamine transporter (Pot) operon in Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and growth of pneumococci in medium containing putrescine substituted for choline. RT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the four genes encoding the Pot system are co-transcribed with murB, a gene involved in an intermediary step of peptidoglycan synthesis. Pneumococci grown in chemically-defined media (CDM) containing putrescine without choline enter logarithmic phase growth after 36-48 hs. However, culture density at stationary phase eventually reaches that of choline-containing medium. Cells grown in CDM-putrescine formed abnormally elongated chains in which the daughter cells failed to separate and the choline-binding protein PspA was no longer cell-associated. Experiments with CDM containing radiolabeled putrescine demonstrated that pneumococci concentrate this polyamine in cell walls. These data suggest that pneumococci can replicate without choline if putrescine is available and this polyamine may substitute for aminoalcohols in the cell wall teichoic acids.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.441-446
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• 1999

The changes of amino acids in the cotyledons of spring - and winter radishes were analysed during the abscisic acid (ABA). ABA plus cycloheximide (CH) and ABA plus polyamine (PA) treatment. The total contents of amino acids were increased in spring radishes, and decreased in winter radishes by ABA. The contents of hydrophilic amino acids, proline, glycine, serine and cysteine in spring radishes (expecially proline), and of cysteine, leucine and phenylalanine in winter radishes (expecially cysteine and leucine)were increased, CH treatment resulted in the accumulation of amino acids by the inhibition of new synthesized protein, which synthesized against ABA induced dehydration both of radishes. On the contrary, the contents of amino acids were decreased in spring radishes, and increased in winter radishes during PA treatment. These results indicated that the accumulated hydrophilic amino acids and new synthesized proteins induced the adaptation of dehydration against stress and the role of ABA in accelerating of stress adaptation was mediated by polyamines.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.522-526
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of UV-B on fatty acid composition, lipid peroxidation and biochemical defense responses of plant, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was subjected to enhanced UV-B irradiation [daily dose : 0.02.(No UV-B) and 11.36 (enhanced UV-B) $kJ\;m^{-2};UV-B_{BE}$] for 3 weeks. UV-B drastically inhibited both height and dry weight of kidney bean. The content of malondialdehyde significantly increased by about 50% after 3 weeks of UV-B irradiation. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids of kidney bean was increased by UV-B irradiation. Three major polyamines of kidney bean leaves : putrescine, spermidine and spermine, were observed. All of the polyamine contents were increased with UV-B irradiation. These results suggested that enhanced UV-B radiation caused oxidative stress on lipids and biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated by UV-B irradiation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 1993

Effects of polyamines on chlorophyll and protein content, and $\delta$-aminolevulinate dehydratase(ALAD) activity were investigated during the greening of mung bean cotyledons. Polyamines stimulated chlorophyll formation in greening cotyledons, and this effect was enhanced by KCl. The changes in protein content were similar to the changes for chlorophyll content. The excision entailed an increase in ALAD activity. Then a decrease appeared after 48 h incubation on water in the dark. It was more precocious in the light, but was accelerated when the cotyledons were illuminated after a dark preincubation. Putrescine had little effect on ALAD activity in the dark. In the light, putrescine prevented the decrease in ALAD activity and enhanced this activity when a dark preincubation preceded illumination. KCl had a slight stimulating effect in the dark, but was uneffective in the light. The combination putrescine＋KCl was devoid of stimulating effect. The results obtained suggest that plastid development of mung bean cotyledons during greening was affected by polyamines and light and that polyamines may play a role in the regulation of plastid development.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2002

The effects of two natural polyamines (putrescine and spermidine) on the synthesis of ArcA, a response regulator of the Arc two-component signal transduction system, were studied using an E. coli mutant deficient in polyamine biosynthesis. Endogenous polyamine deficiency of the mutant resulted in marked reduction in the ArcA level determined by Western blot analysis. Putrescine supplement to the growth medium effectively increased the ArcA level of the mutant in a concentration-dependent manner. Spermidine also stimulated the ArcA level in the mutant to a greater degree than putrescine. Expression of arcA'::lacZ operon fusion in the mutant was stimulated 6-fold and 10-fold by putrescine and spermidine at a 1mM concentration, respectively, indicating that the stimulatory effect of the polyamines on ArcA synthesis is due to transcriptional induction, and that spermidine is a more potent arcA inducer than putrescine. The polyamine-dependent arcA'::lacZ induction was growth-phase-dependent and independent of either arcA or fnr which are two regulators involved in anaerobic stimulation of the Arch level. These results suggested that putrescine and spermidine polyamines may be potential intracellular signal molecules in the control of arcA expression, and thereby may play an important role in cellular metabolism.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

Prechlorination could increase the removal efficiency of Synedra, but there was no significant effect of increasing the amount of chlorine added. However, a removal efficiency of greater than 80% was noted when ozone was injected at concentrations greater than 2 mg/L. Also, it was found that on addition of polyamine, a removal efficiency of 80% or more could be achieved. As a result of the analysis of field operation data from the water treatment plants G and B, it was found that at water treatment plant G, the filter run time decreased to 10 hours or less when only coagulant was injected, but the filter run time increased to around 40 hours when polyamine (3 mg/L) was also injected. The Synedra population in the raw water subsequently increased to 2,340 cells/mL, and the filter continued running for more than 20 hours. At water treatment plant B, the average Synedra removal efficiency was 56% when only coagulant was injected, and the filter run time decreased drastically with the increasing population of Synedra in the raw water. However, the removal efficiency of Synedra reached 79% when polyamine was injected together with the coagulant, 90% when ozone was also injected, and 95% when polyamine and ozone were injected together and the filter continued running for over 50 hours. The filter run time was maintained at 60 hours when a Synedra population of 6,890 cells/mL flowed into the Paldang water source, but the filter run time with Synedra at 1,960 cells/mL decreased rapidly from 65 hours to 35 hours when the ratio of the size of the individual Synedra reaching 250 ㎛ or more, increased from 38% to 94%. Therefore, the size of the Synedra is considered to be a factor that significantly influences filter clogging, as well as the size of the Synedra population.