References
- Antognoni, F., S. Del Duca, A. Kuraishi, E. Kawabe, T. Fukuchi- Shimogori, K. Kashiwagi, and K. Igarashi. 1999. Transcriptional inhibition of the operon for the spermidine uptake system by the substrate-binding protein PotD. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1942-1948 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.4.1942
- Briles, D.E., M.J. Crain, B.M. Gray, C. Forman, and J. Yother. 1992. Strong association between capsular type and virulence for mice among human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 60, 111-116
- Briles, D.E., J.D. King, M.A. Gray, L.S. McDaniel, E. Swiatlo, and K.A. Benton. 1996. PspA, a protection-eliciting pneumococcal protein: immunogenicity of isolated native PspA in mice. Vaccine 14, 858-867 https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(96)82948-3
- Briles, D.E., M. Nahm, K. Schroer, J. Davie, P. Baker, J. Kearney, and R. Barletta. 1981. Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Exp. Med. 153, 694-705 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.153.3.694
- Briles, D.E., R.C. Tart, E. Swiatlo, J. Dillard, P. Smith, K.A. Benton, B.A. Ralph, A. Brooks-Walter, M.J. Crain, S. Hollingshead, and L.S. McDaniel. 1998. Pneumococcal diversity: considerations for new vaccine strategies with emphasis on pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 645-657
- Chattopadhyay, M.K., C.W. Tabor, and H. Tabor. 2003. Polyamines protect Escherichia coli cells from the toxic effect of oxygen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 2261-2265
- Desai, B.V., H. Reiter, and D.A. Morrison. 2003. Choline starvation induces the gene licD2 in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 185, 371-373 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.1.371-373.2003
- Driessen, A.J.M., E.J. Smid, and W.N. Konongs. 1988. Transport of diamines by Enterococcus faecalis is mediated by an agmatineputrescine antiporter. J. Bacteriol. 170, 4522-4527
- Durand, J.M.B. and G.R. Bjork. (2003). Putrescine or a combination of methionine and arginine restores virulence gene expression in a tRNA modification-deficient mutant of Shigella flexneri. Mol. Microbiol. 47, 519-527 https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2006.47.4.519
- Gupta, R., N. Hamasaki-Katagiri, C.W. Tabor, and H. Tabor. 2001. Effect of spermidine on the in vivo degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10620-10623
- Hoskins, J., W.E. Alborn, Jr., J. Arnold, L.C. Blaszczak, S. Burgett, B.S. DeHoff, S.T. Estrem, L. Fritz, D.-J. Fu, W. Fuller, C. Geringer, R. Gilmour, J.S. Glass, H. Khoja, A.R. Kraft, R.E. Lagace, D.J. LeBlanc, L.N. Lee, E.J. Lefkowitz, and J. Lu et als. 2001. Genome of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain R6. J. Bacteriol. 183, 5709-5717 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.19.5709-5717.2001
- Igarashi, A. and K. Kashiwagi. 2000. Polyamines: mysterious modulators of cellular functions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 271, 559-564 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2601
- Igarashi, K. and K. Kashiwagi. 1999. Polyamine transport in bacteria and yeast. Biochem. J. 344, 633-642 https://doi.org/10.1042/0264-6021:3440633
- Jack, D.L., I.T. Paulsen, and M.H. Saier. 2000. The amino acid/ polyamine/organocation (APC) superfamily of transporters specific for amino acids, polyamines, and organocations. Microbiology 146, 1797-1814
- Jedrzejas, M.J. 2001. Pneumococcal virulence factors: structure, and function. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65, 187-207 https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.65.2.187-207.2001
- Kamio, Y. 1987. Structural specificity of diamines covalently linked to peptidoglycan for cell growth of Veillonella alcalescens and Selenomonas ruminantium. J. Bacteriol. 169, 4837-40-256
- Kamio, Y., Y. Itoh, and Y. Terawaki. 1984. Chemical structure of peptidoglycan in Selenomonas ruminantium: cadaverine links covalently to the D-glutamic residue of peptidoglycan. J. Bacteriol. 146, 49-53
- Kamio, Y. and K. Nakamura. 1987. Putrescine and cadaverine are constituents of peptidoglycan in Veillonella alcalescens and Veillonella parvula. J. Bacteriol. 169, 2881-2884
- Kashiwagi, K. and K. Igarashi. 1988. Adjustment of polyamine contents in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 170, 3131-3135
- Kashiwagi, K., S. Miyamoto, F. Suzuki, H. Kobayashi and A. Igarashi. 1992. Excretion of putrescine by the putrescine-ornithine antiporter encoded by the potE gene of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4529-4533
- Kashiwagi, K., S. Miyamoto, E. Nukui, H. Kobayashi, and A. Igarashi. 1993. Functions of PotA and PotD proteins in spermidine- preferential uptake system in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268
- Kashiwagi, K., H. Endo, H. Kobayashi, K. Takio, and K. Igarashi. 1995. Spermidine-preferential Uptake System in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25377-25382 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.43.25377
- Mosser, J.L. and A. Tomasz. 1970. Choline-containing teichoic acid as a structural component of pneumococcal cell wall and its role in sensitivity to lysis by an autolytic enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 245, 287-290
- Neilsen, H., J. Engelbrecht, S. Brunak, and G. von Heijne. 1997. Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites. Protein Engineering 10, 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/10.1.1
- Polissi, A., A. Pontiggia, G. Feger, M. Altieri, H. Mottl, L. Ferrari, and D. Simon. 1998. Large-scale identification of virulence genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 66, 5620- 5629
- Sabelnikov, A.G., B. Greenberg, and S.A. Lacks. 1995. An extended -10 promoter alone directs transcription of the DpnII operon of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Mol. Biol. 250, 144-155 https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1995.0366
- Samartzidou, H., M. Mehrazin, Z. Xu, M.J. Benedik and A.H. Delcour, 2003. Cadaverine inhibition of porin plays a role in cell survival at acidic pH. J. Bacteriol. 185, 13-19 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.1.13-19.2003
- Schiller, D., D. Kruse, H. Kneifel, R. Kramer, and A. Burkovski. 2000. Polyamine transport and role of potE in response to osmotic stress in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 182, 6247-6249 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.21.6247-6249.2000
- Schneider, E. and S. Hunke. 1998. ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: functional and structural aspects of the ATPhydrolyzing subunits/domains. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 22, 1-20 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00358.x
- Swiatlo, E., F.R. Champlin, S.C. Holman, W.W. Wilson, and J.M. Watt. 2002. Contribution of choline-binding proteins to cell surface properties of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 70, 412-415 https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.1.412-415.2002
- Swiatlo, E. and D. Ware. 2003. Novel vaccine strategies with protein antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 38, 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00146-9
- The Biology and Chemistry of Polyamines. 1989. In S.H. Goldemberg and I.D. Algranati (eds.), The biology and chemistry of polyamines. IRL Press, Argentina
- Tabor, H., E.W. Hafner, and Tabor, C.W. (1980). Construction of an Escherichia coli strain unable to synthesize putrescine, spermidine, or cadaverine: characterization of two genes controlling lysine decarboxylase. J. Bacteriol. 144, 952-956
- Tettelin, H., K.E. Nelson, I.T. Paulsen, J.A. Eisen, et al. (2001). Complete genome sequence of a virulent isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Science 293, 498-506 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1061217
- van de Rijn, I. and R.E. Kessler. 1980. Growth characteristics of group A streptococci in a new chemically defined medium. Infect. Immun. 27, 444-448
- Ware, D. and E. Swiatlo. 2003. Structure of a polyamine transporter operon in Streptococcus pneumoniae and growth in defined mediium with putrescine or spermidine. In General meetIng Of the American Society for Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C
- Yother, J., K. Leopold, J. White, and W. Fischer. 1998. Generation and properties of a Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant which does not require choline or analogs for growth. J. Bacteriol. 180, 2093-2101