• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

This study was carried out to apply the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) coupled with Multispectral sensor for the algae bloom monitoring in river. The study acquired remote sensing data using UAV on the midstream area of Gum River, one of four major rivers in South Korea. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used for monitoring algae change. This study conducted water sampling and analysis in the field for correlating with NDVI values. Among the samples analyzed, the chlorophyll concentration exhibited strong and significant linear relationships with NDVI, and thus NDVI was chosen for algae bloom index to identify emergence aspect of phytoplankton in river. Aerial remote sensing technology can provide more accurate, flexible, cheaper, and faster monitoring methods of detecting and predicting eutrophication and therefore cyanobacteria bloom in water reservoirs compared to currently used technology. As a result, there was high level of correlation in chlorophyll-a and NDVI. It is expected that when this remote water quality and pollution monitoring technology is applied in the field, it would be able to improve capabilities to deal with the river water quality and pollution at the early stage.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

Soil contamination survey was conducted during March - July, 2017 to obtain soil contamination profile of 16 organic and inorganic contaminants in Hanam industrial complex located in Gwangju, Korea. The concentrations of all surveyed contaminants except Cd showed were within 0.3~1.5 times of their natural background levels. Cd showed concentrations as high as 6.9 times of the background level, signifying the influence of the metal processing facilities in the complex. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Hg in areas nearby industrial facilities were 1.3~5.5 times higher than those within the facility and green area. The concentration of Cu in the green area was 1.4~2.9 times higher than in other areas. The Soil Pollution Index (SPI) analysis revealed 54% of the total area belong to first-grade soil, 43% to second-grade, and 3% to third-grade. The Enrichment Factor (EF) of Zn, Pb, and Cd were 9.2, 15.6, and 88.5, respectively, indicating high accumulation and contamination of the soil with Cd.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.114-127
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• 2021

Water pollution in the lower reaches of the Namhan River is getting worse due to drought and a decrease in water quantity due to climatic changes and hence is affecting the water quality of Paldang Lake. Accordingly, we have used a water quality index (WQI) and statistical analysis in this study to identify the characteristics of the water quality in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, the main causes of water pollution, and tributaries that need priority management. Typically, 10 items (WT, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC) were used as the water quality factors for the statistical analysis, and the matrix of data was set as 324 × 10·1. The correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and T-P with a high statistical significance (r=0.700, p<0.01). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the main factors affecting the change in water quality were T-P and organic substances introduced into the water by rainfall. Based on the Mann-Kendall test, a statistically significant increase in pH was observed in SH-1, DL, SH-2, CM, and BH, along with an increase in WQI in SH-2 and SM. BH was identified as a tributary that needs priority management in the lower reaches of the Namhan River, with a "Somewhat poor" (IV) grade in T-P, "Fair" grade in WQI, and "Marginal" grade in summer.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.751-763
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• 2015

Both the selection of indicators and weights for them are critical issues in the vulnerability assessment. This study is to assess the air pollution vulnerability focused on ozone for 249 local jurisdictions using weights calculated by the entropy methodology and then examine the applicability of the methodology. We selected indicators for air pollution vulnerability assessment and standardized them. Subsequently, we calculated weights of each indicator using the entropy method and then integrated them into the vulnerability index. The exposure indicators consider meteorological and air pollution factors and the sensitivity of the local jurisdiction include variables on vulnerable areas and environments. The adaptive capacity contains socio-economic characteristics, health care capacities and air pollution managemental factors. The results show that Hwaseong-si, Gwangjin-gu, Gimpo-si, Gwangju-si, Gunpo-si are among the highest vulnerabilities based on the simple aggregation of indicators. And vulnerability-resilience (VRI) aggregation results indicates the similar spatial pattern with the simple aggregation outcomes. This article extends current climate change vulnerability assessment studies by adopting the entropy method to evaluate relative usefulness of data. In addition, the results can be used for developing customized adaptation policies for each jurisdiction reflecting vulnerable aspects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 1995

This study was conducted for the evaluation of air-pollution using pear plant. Twenty-three sites around the Ulsan Industrial Complex Area were selected for the study. The water soluble sulfur content, photosynthetic rate and the visible injured index of pear leaves were evaluated and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Water-soluble sulfur content of pear leaves at survey sites was shown to be an average of 0.201%. The content of their leaves at polluted sites ranged from 0.220 to 0.496%. Water-soluble sulfur content of the pear leaves decreased as the distance became far from the Industrial Complex. 2. The photosynthetic rate of pear leaves decreased with an accumulation of water-soluble sulfur content. However it increased as the distance became greater within the five-kilometer radius of the pollutant. 3. More than 60% of injured rate was shown in pear plant within the five-kilometer radius of the pollutant in 1993. There were high correlations between the visible injured index items. Compared with 1988, the most severely injured sites in 1988 were Yochon-dong and Yaum-dong. But in 1993, they moved to the Yongcham-dong and Bugok-dong area. 4. Water-soluble sulfur content of pear leaves was correlated with the photosynthetic rate of pear leaves. The same tendency was shown between water-soluble sulfur and total injured index. This method using pear plant will be applied to the evaluation of air pollution.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.179-191
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• 2018

In order to determine the distribution characteristics of the heavy metals in surface sediments of the eastern Yellow Sea, heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Mn, As, Ni, Co, Li, Fe and Al) together with grain size and total organic carbon (TOC), were analyzed. The concentrations of all heavy metals, with the exception of Pb, Mn and As in some stations, were relatively high in the central area of the Yellow Sea and tended to decrease toward the Korean coast. A significant relationship between grain size and concentrations of heavy metals suggested that they were mostly controlled by quartz dilution effect. However, at some stations, Pb, Mn and As exhibited different distribution patterns. For Pb, the differences were caused by petrogenetic influences (feldspar) in coarse-grained sediments. In the case of Mn, biogenetic influences ($CaCO_3$) affected distribution patterns. As was distributed differently because of the existence of a heavy mineral (pyrite). A comparison with previous data (collected in 2000) shows that the heavy metal concentration in the eastern Yellow Sea has not increased over the past fifteen years. The sedimentary environment of dumping sites in the Yellow Sea has not been significantly improved during this period. The results of the pollution assessment revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the study area were lower than lower criteria (TEL, MSQ-1) in Korean and Chinese sediment quality guidelines. The enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index ($I_{geo}$) and ecological risk index (ERI) of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr were higher in the central area of the Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2007

Fluorescence measurements of dissolved organic matter(DOM) have the superior advantages over other analysis tools for applying to water quality management. A preliminary study was conducted to test the feasibility of applying synchronous fluorescence measurements for tracing and monitoring pollution sources in a small stream located in an upstream area of the Sooyoung watershed in Busan. The water quality of the small stream is affected by leachate from sawdust pile and discharge of untreated sewage. The sampling sites included an upstream site, two pipes discharging untreated sewage, leachate from sawdust, and a downstream site. Of the five field samples, the leachate was distinguished from the other samples by a high peak at a lower wavelength range and a blunt peak at 350nm, suggesting that synchronous fluorescence can be used as a discrimination tool for monitoring the pollution. The efficacy of various indices derived from the spectral features to discriminate the pollution source was tested for well-defined mixture of the sawdust leachate and the upstream stream by comparing (1)the difference between measured values and those predicted based on mass balance and the characteristics of the two samples and (2)the linear correlations between index values and mass ratios of the sample mixtures. Of various discrimination indices selected, fluorescence intensities at 276 nm$({\Delta}\lambda=30nm)$and 347 nm$({\Delta}\lambda=60nm)$ were suggested as promising potential discrimination indices for the sawdust pollution source. Despite the limited number of samples and the study area, this study illustrates the evaluation process that should be followed to develop rapid, low-cost discrimination indices to monitor pollution sources based on end member mixing analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.213-223
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• 2011

The status and changes of water quality of national fishing harbors and designated ports in East Coast of Korea were analyzed to support establishment effective water environmental management. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentration was satisfied to designated water quality criteria in most areas, but TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) exceeded the criteria frequently. Also, peak concentration was summer in COD and SS (Suspended Solid), but winter in TP. Eutrophication index of Ganggu and Pohang (old) area were the highest. Pollution index by function of COD, TN, and TP of Ganggu, Pohang, Jumunjin, and Guryongpo was high with gradual increasing recently, on the contrary, that of Samcheok, Imwon, and Chuksan was decreased. Pollution index involving multi-indictors relation to organics and inorganics was necessary for water quality assessment. Designated water quality criteria needed to be improved because the criteria of Jukbyun and Chuksan was applied more strictly compared to the other regions although without difference of environmental characteristics. Furthermore, the criteria notified lately needed to be related to management pollutants from land-based sources. The continuous diagnosis and monitoring on sediment quality within the study area were necessary for prevention of water pollution and eco-friendly disposal of dredged sediment. Especially, monitoring of Designated Ports was implemented partially, however monitoring ratio of National Fishing Har-bors was 7% to whole part. Therefore, systematic and integrated environmental monitoring for ports and harbors with charge of national management was reestablished by strengthening and securing a legal basis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2001

Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment in the upper Okdong River basin at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine tailing stored in the Sangdong Tungsten tailing dams and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Tailing samples were collected from tailing dams at different depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of tailings ranged from 7.3 to 7.9. Contents of total N and organic matter were in the ranges of 3.2~5.5%, and 1.3~9.1%, respectively. Heavy metals in the tailings were higher in the newly constructed tailing dam than those in the old dam. Total concentrations of metals in the tailings were in the orders of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Distribution of metals in the tailing dam profiles was metal specific. Concentrations of Cu at the surface of tailing dams were higher than those at the bottom. Pollution index (PI) values of each fraction of metals were ranged from 4.27 to 8.51 based on total concentrations. PI values of mobile fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and PI values of the tailing samples indicate that tailing samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on soil and water environment in the lower part of the stream. A prompt countermeasure to prevent surface of tailings in the dams from water and wind erosions is urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.22-32
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• 2000

Development of index for evaluation of environmental nature and its application for the purpose of construction of industrial complex with environmentally friendly. Industrial complex comes to be recognized as a disgusting zone according to the increasing environment consciousness of residents. And the objection about the exploitation of geographically unwanted land site is increased during development process and it is possible to cause Nimby phenomenon. Therefore, ecology and environment-oriented strategies tends to be adopted for industrial complex development. Furthermore, the maximization of profit mainly directed by enterprises as of today cannot guarantee its future and the efforts of adopting environmental constancy and harmony as a new objective are made progressively. For the development of city and region, in particular such as residence complex, farming and special city, the discussion of environmental consistency, new paradigm with environmentally friendly is briskly under progress, but the relevant discussion for the development of industrial estate is not done so much. Just only few studies are realized from the viewpoint of industrial ecology but its level remains in the understanding of the concepts and presentation of development direction. This study is to prepare for the foundation of the construction of industrial estate with environmentally friendly under the current condition of Korea against coming future environment era and to try to develop of evaluation range and index which are the basis of evaluation of environment. I applied the above evaluation index to the residents of actual industrial estate to understand their consciousness of decreased environment. And I obtained 7 evaluation ranges and 37 evaluation indexes for the relevant residents. Among them, I get the value less than the average in 19 index items. And they represent very sensible reaction about environment pollution including decrease of waste materials. This study has several limits but is meaningful in that the development of evaluation index for environmental nature in industrial complex is done, and that the basic discussion of the plan and design for environmentally friendly industrial estate is made under the above evaluation and that 37 evaluation items are applied to the reality.