• Title/Summary/Keyword: polling

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Review of the principle of election - Focusing on the Estonia e-voting case (선거의 원칙에 대한 재고찰 - 에스토니아 전자투표 사례를 중심으로)

  • Moon, Eun-Young
    • Informatization Policy
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.67-90
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    • 2022
  • The March 2022 presidential election held at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic drew flak for undermining the principle of universal suffrage by failing to guarantee properly the voting rights of confirmed and quarantined persons. Guaranteeing their voting rights requires thinking about e-voting that can fundamentally overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of current paper voting polling stations. The question is how to deal with the increased possibility of contradicting or violating the principles of equality and direct and secret suffrage due to the expansion of universal suffrage. In order to obtain implications for this, we looked at the case of Estonia, which has been holding 11 national elections without any problems since the introduction of e-voting in 2005. Estonia was successfully building trust in the system, government, and society through the institutionalization and routinization of the overall socio-technical system of e-voting, along with political and constitutional agreements on the principles of elections. Therefore, we should not only consider the possibility of e-voting in terms of technological development and level but also discuss the establishment of trust by mediating conflicts between election principles from a normative point of view to reach a social consensus.

Analyzing Effective Poll Prediction Model Using Social Media (SNS) Data Augmentation (소셜 미디어(SNS) 데이터 증강을 활용한 효과적인 여론조사 예측 모델 분석)

  • Hwang, Sunik;Oh, Hayoung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.1800-1808
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    • 2022
  • During the election period, many polling agencies survey and distribute the approval ratings for each candidate. In the past, public opinion was expressed through the Internet, mobile SNS, or community, although in the past, people had no choice but to survey the approval rating by relying on opinion polls. Therefore, if the public opinion expressed on the Internet is understood through natural language analysis, it is possible to determine the candidate's approval rate as accurately as the result of the opinion poll. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of inferring the approval rate of candidates during the election period by synthesizing the political comments of users through internet community posting data. In order to analyze the approval rate in the post, I would like to suggest a method for generating the model that has the highest correlation with the actual opinion poll by using the KoBert, KcBert, and KoELECTRA models.

Enhancement of BIM Modeling Automation Algorithm for Linear-Based Tunnel Infrastructure and Development of BIM Modeling Automation System (선형기반 터널 인프라 구조물의 BIM 모델링 자동화 알고리즘 개선 및 BIM 모델링 자동화 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Yun-Ok;Kim, Ji-Young; Kim, Tae-Min;Moon, So-Yeong
    • Journal of KIBIM
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2023
  • In order to use BIM as a tool for improving the productivity and quality of products in the construction industry, a BIM model must be created from the design stage first. Infrastructure structures such as bridges and tunnels are mainly created based on three-dimensional alignment in the generation of BIM models. Especially, generation of BIM models based on three-dimensional linearity has high task difficulty and algorithms for automating BIM modeling for railway infra structures have been suggested in previous studies. This study improved the BIM modeling automation algorithm of railway infrastructures and developed a system based on the algorithm so that it can be easily used by ordinary users. The system was built as an add-in system of Autodesk's Revit. As an improvement first, it is possible to arrange different libraries for each pattern, enabling various uses. In addition, it can be created models of several members with a single process and the system can automatically places structures that are added periodically, such as Rock Bolt and Fore Polling. Finally, 3D length information and volume for each pattern are automatically calculated for more accurate 3D-based volume calculation. This study contributes to increasing user accessibility by building a BIM modeling automation algorithm into a system. The system is expected to improve the efficiency of BIM modeling creation of linear-based infra structures, including railway infrastructure.

Species-level Zooplankton Classifier and Visualization using a Convolutional Neural Network (합성곱 신경망을 이용한 종 수준의 동물플랑크톤 분류기 및 시각화)

  • Man-Ki Jeong;Ho Young Soh;Hyi-Thaek Ceong
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.721-732
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    • 2024
  • Species identification of zooplankton is the most basic process in understanding the marine ecosystem and studying global warming. In this study, we propose an convolutional neural network model that can classify females and males of three zooplankton at the species level. First, training data including morphological features is constructed based on microscopic images acquired by researchers. In constructing training data, a data argumentation method that preserves morphological feature information of the target species is applied. Next, we propose a convolutional neural network model in which features can be learned from the constructed learning data. The proposed model minimized the information loss of training image in consideration of high resolution and minimized the number of learning parameters by using the global average polling layer instead of the fully connected layer. In addition, in order to present the generality of the proposed model, the performance was presented based on newly acquired data. Finally, through the visualization of the features extracted from the model, the key features of the classification model were presented.

Measuring the Third-Person Effects of Public Opinion Polls: Focusing On Online Polls (여론조사보도에 대한 제3자효과 검증: 온라인 여론조사를 주목하며)

  • Kim, Sung-Tae;Willnat, Las;Weaver, David
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.32
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    • pp.49-73
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    • 2006
  • During the past decades, public opinion polls have become an ubiquitous tool for probing the complexity of people's beliefs and attitudes on a wide variety of issues. Especially since the late 1970s, the use of polls by news organizations has increased dramatically. Along with the proliferation of traditional polls, in the past few years pollsters and news organizations have come to recognize the advantages of online polls. Increasingly there has been more effort to take the pulse of the public through the Internet. With the Internet's rapid growth during the past years, advocates of online polling often emphasize the relative advantages over traditional polls. Researchers from Harris Black International Ltd., for example, argue that "Internet polling is less expensive and faster and offers higher response rates than telephone surveys." Moreover, since many of the newer online polls draw respondents from large databases of registered Internet users, results of online polls have become more balanced. A series of Harris Black online polls conducted during the 1998 gubernatorial and senatorial elections, for example, has accurately projected the winners in 21 of the 22 races it tracked. Many researchers, however, severely criticize online polls for not being representative of the larger population. Despite the often enormous number of participants, Internet users who participate in online polls tend to be younger, better educated and more affluent than the general population. As Traugott pointed out, the people polled in Internet surveys are a "self selected" group, and thus "have volunteered to be part of the test sample, which could mean they are more comfortable with technology, more informed about news and events ... than Americans who aren't online." The fact that users of online polls are self selected and demographically very different from Americans who have no access to the Internet is likely to influence the estimates of what the majority of people think about social or political issues. One of the goals of this study is therefore to analyze whether people perceive traditional and online public opinion polls differently. While most people might not differentiate sufficiently between traditional random sample polls and non representative online polls, some audiences might perceive online polls as more useful and representative. Since most online polls allow some form of direct participation, mostly in the form of an instant vote by mouse click, and often present their findings based on huge numbers of respondents, consumers of these polls might perceive them as more accurate, representative or reliable than traditional random sample polls. If that is true, perceptions of public opinion in society could be significantly distorted for those who rely on or participate in online polls. In addition to investigating how people perceive random sample and online polls, this study focuses on the perceived impact of public opinion polls. Similar to these past studies, which focused on how public opinion polls can influence the perception of mass opinion, this study will analyze how people perceive the effects of polls on themselves and other people. This interest springs from prior studies of the "third person effect," which have found that people often tend to perceive that persuasive communications exert a stronger influence on others than on themselves. While most studies concerned with the political effects of public opinion polls show that exit polls and early reporting of election returns have only weak or no effects on the outcome of election campaigns, some empirical findings suggest that exposure to polls can move people's opinions both toward and away from perceived majority opinion. Thus, if people indeed believe that polls influence others more than themselves, perceptions of majority opinion could be significantly altered because people might anticipate that others will react more strongly to poll results.

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A Study on the Necessity for Hygiene Education for Children at the Gyeongbuk Community Children Center (경북 지역아동센터 아동들에 대한 위생교육 필요성)

  • Lee, Youn-Jung;Bae, Ji-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.577-588
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this research was to provide basic educational data on the proper eating habits of children who use the community children center. The results of the research conducted by polling the fourth, fifth, and sixth-grade children of the community children centers are summarized as follows. Male children had more meals and ate them faster than those of female children, and they also tended to watch more TV and read books. Moreover, children of families headed by fathers ate until they were full, whereas children of households headed by mothers ate less. More female than male children skipped breakfast, and the percentage of children who had their meals alone was high among children reared by their grandfathers. Most of the children ate only what they liked. Moreover, male children ate only particular fruits and vegetables, whereas female children ate only beans and miscellaneous cereals. Most of the children recognized that they had eating problems, such as eating only what they liked and eating meals on irregular schedules. Such eating habits were affected mainly by family members such as parents, brothers, and sisters. Female children scored higher than male children in terms of nutrition and hygiene knowledge. Approximately 40~50.3% of all subjects became interested in nutrition and hygiene education at the community children center. Most of the children recognized that nutrition and hygiene education is necessary at the community children center. They also recognized their own eating problems and wanted nutrition and hygiene education to be taught at the community children center. Accordingly, regular educational activities and meals for children in the community children center considered a children's particular home background to improve eating habits in the children.

Elementary School Teacher's Recognition on Establishing the Concept of Software Gifted Persons (소프트웨어 영재상 정립을 위한 초등교사의 인식 조사)

  • Lee, Jaeho;Jang, Junhyung;Shin, Hyunkyung
    • Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.97-118
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    • 2017
  • This paper aims to provide reference model for directions and objectives of Software(SW) gifted education. In order to achieve the goals introduced above, we conducted the research in the following steps. First, we selected the concept of ICT-based creative talented person as a base model to establish the concept of SW gifted person. The selected base model composed three core competencies which were 'knowledge and technology competencies', 'synthesizing and creativity competencies', and 'personality competencies'. Second, we developed survey tools, like questionnaires, to investigate participant's recognition of SW gifted person. The survey tools composed three components 'computational thinking', 'entrepreneurship', and 'social responsibility'. Each of the components composed seven elements. Third, after selecting the opinion poll participants as an elementary school teacher, we surveyed opinion polling. By selecting an elementary school teacher as the opinion poll participants, we wanted to identify theirs ' opinions which are thought to be the starting point for gifted education. To survey we developed on-line survey system by using Google functions. Fourth, we analyzed the collected opinion data. To identify we summarized and synthesized participant's opinions that average values and agreement level by using frequency analysis. Also, in order to compare opinions that average values and agreement level based on whether or not participant's various experiences and competencies we computed t-value, F-value, and ${\chi}^2$ verification.

Design and Implementation of Event Based Message Exchange Architecture between Servers for Server Push (서버 푸시를 위한 이벤트 기반 서버간 메시지 교환 아키텍처의 설계 및 구현)

  • Cho, Dong-Il;Rhew, Sung-Yul
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.181-194
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    • 2011
  • Server push which is technology of sending contents from servers to browsers in real time using long polling requests enables real time bidirectional communications between servers and browsers in HTTP environment. Recently, thanks to the rapid supply of mobile devices having ability of full browsing, server push is being applied to various applications. However, because servers providing services should offer distributed contents to a large number of users simultaneously in various user environments, they have a burden that offers contents quickly distinguishing much more concurrent users than before. The method of message exchange so far achieved in distributed server environment has difficulties in the performance of simultaneous user request process, the identification of users and the contents delivery. In this paper, We proposed message exchange architecture between servers for offering server push in the distributed server environment. The proposed architecture enables message exchange in the method of push between servers based on event driven architecture. In addition, the proposed architecture enables flexible identification of a event agent and event processing under the connected environment of a lot of users. In this paper, we designed and implemented the proposed architecture and compared performance with the previous way through a performance test. In addition, function is confirmed through the case realization. As a result of the performance test, the proposed architecture can lessen the use of server Thread and response time of users and increase simultaneous throughput.

A Study of Data Communication Between the Web and the IoT Platform in WoT (WoT 환경에서 웹과 IoT 플랫폼 사이의 데이터 통신 연구)

  • Phyo, Gyung-soo;Park, Jin-tae;Moon, Il-young
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.374-379
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    • 2016
  • Recently, IoT(Internet of Things) to connect the objects and people has attracted attention. And it is rapidly developing. IoT is to develop, experts are predicting that the device is connected to the Internet to break through around 100 billion within 10 years. However, the current IoT companies are having a difficult state to the other each other IoT platform for interaction between data silos effects. These silos effects will limit the IoT grow to a larger market. Thus, the IoT service supplier shall develop an open platform for interaction IoT data between each IoT platform. These web technologies for current open IoT platform has emerged. If developers are using familiar, easy-to-learn Web technologies, developers can take advantage of a variety of services for the collected data, and found the IoT devices can be bypassed if there is a problem on the network. In this paper, we investigate the data communications technology that can be used in WoT environment to overcome these silos effects. As a result, the polling method that can simply send the IoT information the fastest.

Effects of the Number of Visits and Length of Stay in Urban Forests on Subjective Well-Being - A Case Study of Seoul - (도시림의 방문회수와 체류시간이 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 - 서울시를 중심으로 -)

  • Hong, Sung-Kwon;Kim, Jong Jin;Kim, Ju Mi
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.92-102
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate if subjective well-being could be improved by visiting urban forests near residential areas. Because visiting an urban forest is not an intense positive experience, this research is focused on frequency of affective experience rather than intensity. The independent variables are number of visits and length of stay. The dependent variables are positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. A polling agency was employed to select 600 respondents by quota sampling, and data was collected by online survey. The results of ANOVA showed that there was no interaction between the number of visits and length of stay. Regardless of the number of visits, the subjective well-being of visitors of urban forests was enhanced: (a) positive affect of respondents who had visited in the past 2 weeks was increased while negative affect was decreased, and (b) life satisfaction for those who had visited at least 1 time per month was enhanced among usual visitors. The stay of length, however, had little effect on the increase or decrease of these three variables. The results of this study support the existing theory that one could reset their genetically determined happiness set point to a higher level by participating in intentional activities such as visiting urban forests that offer ways to achieve long-lasting changes in well-being. This means that it would be a valuable government investment to construct and maintain urban forests for improving citizens' welfare. A few comments were suggested regarding data collection and inclusion of influencing variables to make future subjective well-being studies more reliable.