• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2015

This study focused on the measurement of the actual charging state of ambient aerosol particles, which is important for understanding the intricate process of adverse health effects caused by particulate matter (PM). The net electrostatic charging state of $PM_{2.5}$ collected on filter media was measured in this study. The Faraday cage method and surface potential measurements were used in this study. The results showed that the polarities of the net charging state measured using these two methods were in agreement for 42 out of 48 samples (87.5%), and 36 samples (75%) were negatively charged. The filters were not significantly charged by friction between the filters and air not containing PM. Charge addition to or leakage from the filters was not observed over a two-month storage period. Net charging state of $PM_{2.5}$ collected on the filters was concluded to be negative in most cases, based on data's support of the assumption that aerosol charging state is not altered by the process of PM collection using filter.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.103-107
• /
• 2019

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization is one of the ambient ionization methods typically used in mass spectrometry (MS) for fast screening of chemicals with minimal or no sample preparation. In spite of various advantages of LTP ionization method, including simple instrumentation and in-situ analysis, more general applications of the method are limited due to poor desorption of analytes with low volatilities and low ionization efficiencies in the negative ion mode. In order to overcome these limitations, an ultrasonic vibrator of a commercial hand-held humidifier was interfaced with an LTP ionization source, which generated microdroplets from sample solutions and assisted with LTP ionization. Ionization behaviors of various chemicals in microdroplet-assisted LTP (MA LTP) were tested and compared with typical LTP ionization from dried samples applied on a surface. MA LTP efficiently ionized small organic, amino, and fatty acids with low volatilities and high polarities, which were hardly ionized using the standard LTP method. Facile interaction of LTP with ultrafine droplets generated by ultrasonic resonator allows efficient ionization of relatively non-volatile and polar analytes both in the positive and negative ion modes.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 1997

Source parameters of the December 13, 1996 Yeongweol earthquake are estimated using the grid test technique. Thirty polarities of P waves recorded at KMA, KIGAM, KSRS and JAPAN stations are used for the event. The obtained fault plane solution shows predominantly strike-slip motion with small amount of thrust component. The orientation of the fault is 180$\pm$10$^{\circ}$in strike, 50$\pm$5$^{\circ}$in dip and 150$\pm$5$^{\circ}$in rake, or 292$\pm$3$^{\circ}$in strike, 65$\pm$5$^{\circ}$in dip and 30$\pm$10$^{\circ}$ in rake. These solutions are very similar to those of earthquakes occurred at Sagju, Pohang and offshore Gunsan. The compressional axis of stress field is trending from ENE to WSW, which is consistent with the previously defined typical regional tectonic stress orientation in and around Korean Peninsula.. From the result of this study and other source mechanisms around the Korean Peninsula, we are of opinion that tectonic stress around the Korean Peninsula may be more attributed to the collision of Indian plate with the Eurasian plate than subduction of Pacific and Philippine plates.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 1998

We have studied a relationship between the pattern of complex modulus change versus internal phase volume ratio and the rheological consistency of concentrated W/O emulsions with Magnesium Sulfate in the range 0.0 to 0.5 wt% and with different oil polarities, respectively. The rheological consistency with time of concentrated W/O emulsion was checked using Fudoh Rheometer and the coalescence of deformed water droplets was examined using polarized light microscope(LEICA DMRP). To find the pattern of complex modulus change of the concentrated emulsions versus internal phase volume ratio, the effect of varying water phase volume fraction from 0.78 up to 0.85 on viscoelastic measurements was investigated using rotational rheometer (HAAKE Rheostress RS 50). The rheological consistency was mainly destroyed by the coalescence of the deformed water droplets. The greater the increase of complex modulus was, the less coalescence occurred and the more consistent the concentrated emulsions were. And the pattern of complex modulus increase versus volume ratio has been explained with the resistance to coalescence of the deformed interfacial film of water droplets in concentrated W/O emulsion.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2015

In the present study, we investigated biological activities of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves in order to evaluate the possibility as a natural biomaterial. The 80% ethanol extract and its subsequent fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves were prepared using several solvents with different polarities. The extraction yield was 33.4, 36.6, 25.2, 18.7, 5.8 and 5.8% in ethanol extract, aqueous, butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform fractions, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (661.38 mg/g), butanol fraction (396.68 mg/g) and 80% ethanolic extract (239.54 mg/g) has higher total polyphenol contents than other fractions. The antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $4.77{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited production of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. These results indicate that 80% ethanol extract and its fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaf, especially ethyl acetate fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation, suggesting leaf of Rosa davurica Pall. may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2000

본 연구에서는 강유전체의 이력 특성을 정밀하게 계산하기 위한 모델을 제공하였다. 본 모델은 2중 전위우물에 근거한 반경험적 분극 천이 모델에 기초하고 있으며 프라이사흐의 이력 함수의 분포 모델의 물리적 특성과도 잘 일치되고 있음을 보였다. 본 모델은 강유전체 이력 특성의 천이 경사도와 임프린트 특성을 고려하고 있으며 인가 전압의 극성이 바뀌는 경우에 발생되는 부 이력 경로에 대해서도 정확하게 분극 전하의 변화를 표현하고 있음을 보였다. 본 모델의 예측 결과는 PZT와 SBT의 두 종류의 강유전체에 대해서 측정 결과와 잘 일치하고 있음을 보였다. 또한, 본 모델을 AHDL 코드로 구현하여 스펙트레 시뮬레이터를 통하여 회로 설계를 할 수 있는 환경을 제공하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.354-361
• /
• 2014

Fault plane solutions in North Korea and the northern part of the Yellow Sea ($37.5^{\circ}N-40.5^{\circ}N$, $124.5^{\circ}E-128.5^{\circ}E$) was studied for the earthquakes that occurred from November, 2008 to May, 2013. The analysis was based on the data collected from seismic networks in Korea and China. Fault plane solutions were obtained from P and SH wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratioes. Most earthquakes exhibited predominantly strike-slip fault characteristics with NNE-SSW or WNW-ESE nodal planes. The P-axes trends are mainly NE-SW or ENE-WSW direction in the northern part of the Yellow Sea and inland area of North Korea except some areas in the Hwanghae province. Fault plane solutions and main axis of stress field in the study region were similar to those observed in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국결정학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 1995

Ge bicrystal 기판 위에 OMVPE 기법을 이용하여 GaAs 에피층을 성장시킴으로써 특정한 교차각을 갖는 GaAs 기울임입계를 제조하였다. 또한 (110) Ge 기판 위에 성장된 GaAs 에피층 내의 쌍정들로부터 ∑ =9 기울임입계들이 생성되었다. 고분해 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 1차 및 2차 쌍정계면들의 구조적 특징들을 고찰하였다. 입계에서의 결합극성은 특정한 회절조건에서 입계 양쪽의 입자로부터 기록된 (200) 수렴성 빔 디스크 내의 HOLZ 선 콘트라스트를 응용하여 파악하였으며, 원자컬럼이나 채널등과 상관된 구조상 콘트라스트 양태를 동일한 사진 내의 1차 쌍정계면 거울면의 콘트라스트로부터 파악하였다. ∑ =9, (115)/(111)[110] 기울입입계는 5-6-7- 모서리 링으로 구성된 단위구조를 나타내며, 입계 양쪽에 놓인 입자들은 입계에서 anti-site type cross-boundary bonding의 분율이 최소화되도록 배향되어 있다.

• 지구물리
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2000

P, S파 극성 및 진폭비를 이용하여 1997년 6월 26일 경주지진의 단층면해를 구하였다. 그 결과, 절단면의 주향, 경사, 면선각이 $150{\pm}4^{\circ}\;,\;63{\pm}6^{\circ}\;,\;65{\pm}7^{\circ}$ 또는 $18{\pm}12^{\circ}\;,\;26{\pm}3^{\pm}\;,\;120{\pm}5^{\circ}$ 라는 값에서 주향이동이 포함된 역단층성의 단층면이 도출되었다. 동북동-서남서 방향의 주 압축응력을 시사하는 본 연구결과의 단층면해는 저주파 기록을 역산하여 얻은 결과와 거의 일치하며, 양산단층 일대의 미소지진을 복합단층면해에 의해 도출한 결과와도 일치한다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.341-347
• /
• 2006

2001년부터 2005년까지 한반도 남서부에서 발생한 7개 미소지진에 대한 진원 기구해를 분석하였다. 진원 기구해를 구하기 위하여 P파 초동극성과 SH/P 진폭비 자료를 이용한 격자탐색을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 지진들이 일부 역단층 성분을 포함하는 주향이동 단층 운동과 관계된 것으로 해석된다. 전체적으로 한반도 남서부 지역의 지진원에서 단층 운동을 일으키는 주 압축 응력 방향은 ENE-WSW 또는 NE-SW 방향인 것으로 해석되며, 이 결과는 남한 내의 주요 지진에 대하여 알려진 주 응력장의 방향과 유사하다.