• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.2059-2062
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• 2002

For detection of digitally modulated signals, the receiver must be provide with accurate carrier phase and symbol timing estimates. So far, tots of algorithms have been suggested for those purposes. In general, a interpolation filter with TED(Timing Error Detection) like Gardner algorithm is popularly used for symbol timing estimate of digital communication receiver. Apart from the performance point of view, a multiplicative operation of any interpolation filter limits the symbol rate of the system. Hence, we suggest a new symbol timing estimate algorithm for high speed burst-mode fixed wireless communication system and analyze its performance in the AWGN channel.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1999

The modern is image age, and The visually expressed symbols have much influence on individuals or enterprises and have an effect on the variety of individual and the innovation of management. Espacially, the symbols carry on the axis composing total image. According to the reason of positive & negative five elements, this paper analysised and studied the meaning of symbol design which analysis the thoughtful, abstract and formal meaning. This is the most fundmental elements and principals and means the good symbol composed harmoniously the positive & negative five elements give good image. Namely, the symbols of the Eum & Yan which applied the philosophical reason of the Orient thought became good image. The lively elements of design composed the reason of Eum & Yang have effect on auspicious and upgrade one step to the dimension of symbol design. The purpose of this paper analysises and understands the meaning of symbol was composed the positive & negative five elements. In the point of view of modern design. the overlOOking elements of the symbol(line, form, space etc) reminded and established the new model which the new idea approached by the thought of the positive & negative five elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2010

Although nano materials are used a lot in industries, there has not been any standard nano hazard graphic symbol. An experiment was conducted to know the comprehension ratio of newly designed eight nano graphic symbols. To compare the symbols with existing safety graphic symbols, other sixteen symbols were also included. 54 subjects evaluated the difficulties of graphic symbols on seven point Likert scale and answered the meaning for each symbol. The all eight nano safety symbols marked under 30% comprehension ratio. However, one of them didn't show any statistically significant difference with other existing safety symbols as like bio hazard, radiation, and laser. Therefore the nano symbol tested in the best could be adopted as the nano safety graphic symbol if it is sufficiently exposed in training period and used with warning label. The workers in industries using nano materials can be alerted and protect themselves where the sign is attached.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.297-312
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• 1994

Today though the word ginyoe(gisaeng) was remained as a historic relic but they were firmly existed about 40 years ago and ginyoe's number was about three million in Chosun it's almost near 0.5% of the total population of Chosun. To think that point the ginyoe's so-ciety was considered a special one in the his-tory of Korean woman. The ginyoe as a special social class were specialize in technical art such as dancing and prostitute. Although they were low class they were luxurious slaves whoses clothing was almost equal to that of royal family. They were the leaders of fashion in woman clothing that's because their role was entertainer, This study can be summarized as follows. First ginyoe and public woman's clothing codes were nearly same in koryo but tatally separated in chosun. I could find that was came from those day's moral sprit. Second ginyoe's clothing was not only have luxuriance like royal family but also have unique clothing codes for them. Though they are low class ginyoe could use upper class's clothing codes. But upper class women could'nt use ginyoe's clothing codes are vary various and have their own clothing codes. Third I analyzed ginyoe's clothing codes and then derived 6 ginyoe's clothing messages. They were symbol of wealth symbol of power symbol of occupational function symbol of sexual attraction symbol of social position symbol of freedom.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.77-86
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• 2007

These days, universities are establishing new image; UI(University Identity) for them because of rapid change of education environment in 21st century, The objective of UI is expressing university's image externally and unifying members internally. In the process of establishing university's image, Symbol mark plays a key role in differentiating other universities because of its visual effect as well as enhancing self-confidence. In this study, I suggest that symbol mark is an important brand asset in point of differentiation and identification and analyze 36 domestic universities' symbol mark designs. In the way of this analysis, I classified these symbol marks in the aspect of shapes and colors and studied current design along with character of each symbol marks by examining usage of emblem. Therefore this paper will be used as a basic reference to understand domestic universities' symbol mark trend and to establishing differentiating strategy in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.721-724
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• 2006

Among many sources of soil and water pollution, former mining regions also play an important role in distribution and scope of pollution. In response, KMRC has made an investigation into the status mine hazard at the abandoned metalliferous mine area in Korea. In this study, we analyzed distribution of mine hazards at abandoned metalliferous mines using GIS. We considered the distribution of mine hazards and its magnitude for each abandoned mine and displayed the mine hazard index (MHI) using GIS. We divided the MHI value for each mine into 5 classes, and displayed the first class as smallest point symbol and the last class as biggest point symbol. The biggest symbol shows the most serious status of mine hazards. This GIS function was included in the AMGIS system KMRS are running, and it would be helpful to make decision of reclamation priority at abandoned metalliferous mine area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.501-508
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a channel allocation algorithm of MSAP(Mobile Subscriber Access Point) and data delivery scheme exploiting the symbol level network coding. The network is comprised of TS(Tactical Switch) as a backbone node, MSAPs, and TMFTs(Tactical Multi-Function Terminal). The TS performs the channel allocation considering the communication range overlapping between the neighboring MSAPs and applies the symbol level network coding, if necessary, depending on the position of the TMFTs. Assuming the number of available antennas of TMFT and MSAP will be extended to two from one, we propose two schemes: single mode and dual mode. Through the simulation, we show that the proposed delivery scheme provides higher delivery ratio and lower delivery delay compared with the legacy store-and-forward scheme.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a novel blind adaptive multiuser detector structure and three robust recursive filters to improve the performance in CDMA environments: Sigma point kalman filter (SPKF), particle filter (PF), and Gaussian mixture sigma point particle filter (GMSPPF). Our proposed robust recursive filters have superior performance over a conventional extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed multiuser detector algorithms initially use Kalman prediction form to estimated channel parameters, and unknown data symbol be predicted. Second, based on this predicted data symbol, the robust recursive filters (e.g., GMSPPF) is a refined estimation of joint multipaths and time delays. With these estimated multipaths and time delays, data symbol detection is carried out (Kalman correction form). Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithms outperform the conventional blind multiuser detector with the EKF. Also we can see it provides a more viable means for tracking time-varying amplitudes and time delays in CDMA communication systems, compared to that of the EKF for near-far ratio of 20 dB. For this reason, it is believed that the proposed channel estimators can replace well-known filter such as the EKF.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.117-121
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• 2014

In the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, the prefix inserted between data symbols should be eliminated to apply the Fourier transform on the valid symbol interval. This functional procedure should be based on the accurate symbol timing detection. The symbol timing detection at the receiver side provides the reference for determining the beginning time index of each symbol whose initial point is located at the boundary between the preamble and the payload part. Also, the detection error is one of the main factors in the overall system performance. In this paper the effect of the bandwidth of the moving average filter on the symbol timing detection is discussed. Simulations are carried out to analyze the detection performance for the varying values of the window size of the moving average filter which is related to the filter bandwidth.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.91-97
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• 2016

This paper evaluates the equalization algorithm of FC-MMA (Fast Convergence-Multi Modulus Algorithm) and RMMA (Region based Multi Modulus Algorithm) for the compensation of intersymbol interference which is due to the distortion of communication channel. In order to obtain the error signal for adaptive equalization, the FC-MMA use the modified dispersion constant considering the number of signal symbol, the RMMA separates the 4 region which every symbol points are located, then reduce the symbol point based on this region into constant modulus symbol point. By applying the different principle in order to get the error signal for the updating the tap coefficient of adaptive equalizer, it has the different equalization performance by these error signal. The computer simulation was performed in order to compare the different equalization performance in this paper. The performance index includes the output signal constellation, the residual isi and maximum distortion that is for the convergence characteristics, the SER. As a result of computer simulation, RMMA has more good performance in the residual isi, maximum distortion after in steady state and SER performance than FC-MMA, but not in convergence speed to reach the steady state.