• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

The electrochemical properties of Mg-doped $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ and pure $LiFe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}PO_4$ olivine cathodes are examined and the lattice parameters are refined by Rietveld analysis. The calculated atomic parameters from the refinement show that $Mg^{2+}$ doping has a significant effect in the olivine $LiFeMnPO_4$ structure. The unit cell volume is 297.053(2) ${\AA}^3$ for pure $LiFe_{0.5}Mn_{0.5}PO_4$ and is decreased to 296.177(1) ${\AA}^3$ for Mg-doped $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ sample. The doping of $Mg^{2+}$ cation with atomic radius smaller than $Mn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ ion induces longer Li-O bond length in $LiO_6$ octahedra of the olivine structure. The larger interstitial sites in $LiO_6$ octahedra facilitate the lithium ion migration and also enhance the diffusion kinetics of olivine cathode material. The $LiFe_{0.48}Mn_{0.48}Mg_{0.04}PO_4$ sample with larger Li-O bond length delivers higher discharge capacities and also notably increases the rate capability of the electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.109-125
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• 2000

As the result of the study of this thesis, the costume of Palhae and Shilla shows the many similarity. 1. The two centuries introduced the system of four-colored official uniform. This official uniforms are BokDoo(복두), DanLyung(團領) and Dae(帶). BanLyung of Palhae are GyulGoPo(결과포), leather belt and that of Shilla are GyulGoPo, YuLanPo(유란포), KwaDae(과대) Similarly BokDoo shows the long Gak(脚) in back. 2. Yu(유) and Ko(袴), the native costumes have worn even after the period of the three countries. 3. The two countries wore DanLyung. A man In Palhae wore GyulGoPo(결과포), leather belt and a man in Shilla wore GyulGoPo, YuLanPo(유란포), KwaDae(과대). 4. A woman in Palhae wore SangEui(上衣), Sang(裳), JikLyung(直領) one by one. And over Sang wrapped PoBaekDae(布帛帶) and covered the shoulder by UnGyun(雲肩). A woman in Shilla wore SangEui, Sang, PoBaekDea one by one and covered the shoulder by Pyo(표). 5. The two countries put on Rib(笠) and similary shoes. Rib insists of Moche(帽體), ChaYang(次養) and can classify the estate by decoration. A man wore Wha(靴), Li(履) and a woman wore KoDooLi(高頭履). This similarity is the result by the cultural interchange between Palhae and Shilla. There are the five reasons. Interchange by the envoy's visit. Interchange through Shillado(新羅道), Interchange in T'ang Dynasty, Interchange in Japan, Interchange of Buddhist culture. By the cultural interchange between Palhae(渤海) and Shilla(新羅), the shape of costume is similary. The meaning of this similarity of costume equals to the similarity of culture. We will approval Palhae is the co-subject of Korean history with Shilla and will name as "The period of NamBukKuk(南北國時代)" from the late 7th century to the early 10th century in the academy of the history of Korean Costume.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3553-3558
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• 2014

The reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/aluminum phosphate($AlPO_4$)-coated $LiMn_{1.5}Ni_{0.5}O_4$ (LMNO) cathode material has been developed by hydroxide precursor method for LMNO and by a facile solution based process for the coating with GO/$AlPO_4$ on the surface of LMNO, followed by annealing process. The amount of $AlPO_4$ has been varied from 0.5 wt % to 1.0 wt %, while the amount of rGO is maintained at 1.0 wt %. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The rGO/$AlPO_4$-coated LMNO electrodes exhibit better cyclic performance compared to that of pristine LMNO electrode. Specifically, rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(0.5%)- and rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(1%)-coated electrodes deliver a discharge capacity of, respectively, $123mAhg^{-1}$ and $122mAhg^{-1}$ at C/6 rate, with a capacity retention of, respectively, 96% and 98% at 100 cycles. Furthermore, the surface-modified LMNO electrodes demonstrate higher-rate capability. The rGO(1%)/$AlPO_4$(0.5%)-coated LMNO electrode shows the highest rate performance demonstrating a capacity retention of 91% at 10 C rate. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to (1) the suppression of the direct contact of electrode surface with the electrolyte, resulting in side reactions with the electrolyte due to the high cut-off voltage, and (2) smaller surface resistance and charge transfer resistance, which is confirmed by total polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.808-822
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• 2014

넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)로부터 elastase-like serine protease (PoElSp)를 암호화하는 cDNA를 클로닝하여 그 서열을 분석한 결과, PoElSp 유전자는 269 아미노산을 암호화하는 978염기쌍으로 구성되었다. PoElSp 유전자의 조직 특이적 발현 양상을 RT-PCR법으로 조사한 결과, 간, 비장 및 소장에서 그 발현이 크게 나타났다. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 인위적 세균감염을 유도한 후, 1시간째에 콩팥에서, 3시간째에는 근육에서, PoElSp 유전자의 발현이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 이 유전자의 발현은 비장에서 LPS 주입 후 1-24시간동안 점차로 증가하였다. pro-mature PoElSp (proPoElSp)에 해당하는 cDNA를 pET32a 벡터 시스템을 이용하여 대장균에서 발현시켰다. 이 재조합 proPoElSp 단백질의 활성은 gelatin zymography 방법과 합성형광 Z-Phe-Arg-AMC의 분해법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 단백질 분해효소 활성을 위한 최적 pH는 7.5였다. 실험결과들을 종합하면, PoElSp 단백질은 면역 반응에서 중추적 역할을 하리라 판단된다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to review the concepts of Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) in the light of the Jungian psychology. According to the explanations of the Jungian psychology human beings have archetypes-a priori conditioning factors-in the collective unconscious. These archetyps are concerned with common concepts conceived by mankind about the fundamental elements which constitute the universe and the existence. The archetype is perceived in a symbol, hence Jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) also are these symbolic representations which had common background of mankind. The meaning of Jing(精) is emphasized as psychic and physical elements, and concerned with instinct. Qi(氣) corresponds to Jung's definition of libido as life energy. The concept of Shen(神) has the value of the self archetype as whole psyche's president principle. Hun(魂) and Po(魄) are intuitive notions of the Orient compared with Animus and Anima which are characteristic representations. However from a standpoint of autonomous energy as archetype the difference would be diminished. Considering each purpose of Hun(魂) and Po(魄) Hun(魂) has a intention of integrating the unconscious flux into consciousness while Po(魄) has a tendency toward instinct to secure a body. It is precious to recognize deeply that these concepts of jing(精) Qi(氣) Shen(神) Hun(魂) Po(魄) play an important part which mediate between the unconscious and consciousness, psyche and body as symbols.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.807-810
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• 2002

$GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles with spherical shape and high photoluminescence were prepared by spray pyrolysis. The brightness of prepared $GdPO_4$:Tb under the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) illumination was comparable with that of the commercial $Zn_2SiO_4$:Mn phosphor particles. The photoluminescence spectra of $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles had maximum peak at 547 nm, and the sharp peaks at 480 nm, 580 nm, and 620 nm. The spherical morphology of prepared $GdPO_4$:Tb particles was completely maintained even after the posttreatment up to 1100 $^{\circ}C$. When the posttreatment temperature was over 1100 $^{\circ}C$, the particles did not have the spherical shape anymore. The average particle size of $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles prepared by using $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ was changed from 0.5 to 1.9 ${\mu}m$ and its effect on the PL intensity was investigated. It was found that the optimized $GdPO_4$:Tb particles have a good excitation spectrum comparable to that of the commercial $Zn_2SiO_4$:Mn phosphor particles under the VUV illumination from 140 to 220 nm. We concluded that the $GdPO_4$:Tb phosphor particles with spherical shape prepared by spray pyrolysis is a promising candidate for a green-emitting PDP phosphor.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.132-142
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to suggest the assessment method for PO6(teamwork) and PO7(communication skill), one of the most important assessment items in engineering accreditation. In this paper, we used the assessment criteria of Rubric, to empirically measure the teamwork and communication skill. Teamwork and communication skill (PO6, PO7) are the most critical social competences in modern society. Numerous studies on education showed that teamwork and communication skill can be enhanced through learning. We, therefore, need to investigate teamwork and communication skill in terms of education. However, research on the assessment method of the engineering accreditation, based on educational view is scarce. In this study, we suggest the assessment criteria of Rubric for PO6 and PO7 with the perspective of the education. We also tried to apply the developed criteria to the related subjects.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influences of hyaluronic acid on the candidacidal activities of lysozyme, the peroxidase system, and the glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase (GO-PO) system at different concentrations of antimicrobial enzymes. Methods: Hyaluronic acid was used at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was used at concentrations ranging from 10 to $100{\mu}g/mL$. The peroxidase system included bovine lactoperoxidase (bLPO), potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, 1 mM), and hydrogen peroxide ($100{\mu}M$). The GO-PO system included bLPO, KSCN (1 mM), glucose oxidase (10 units/mL), and glucose ($30{\mu}g/mL$). The final concentration of bLPO in the peroxidase and GO-PO systems ranged from 12.5 to $100{\mu}g/mL$. Candida albicans strains ATCC 10231, 11006, and 18804 were utilized. Candidacidal activities of antimicrobials and the influence of hyaluronic acid on their candidacidal activities were determined based on colony forming units. Results: Candidacidal activities of the peroxidase and GO-PO systems increased with increasing concentrations of bLPO. This tendency was the same in the presence or absence of hyaluronic acid. Candidacidal activity of HEWL was not significantly concentration-dependent. Candidacidal activities of the GO-PO system were higher than those of the corresponding peroxidase system. Candidacidal activity was inhibited in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the following order: HEWL, the peroxidase system, and the GO-PO system. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid inhibited the candidacidal activities of HEWL, the peroxidase system, and the GO-PO system. The GO-PO system exhibited better candidacidal activity than HEWL and the peroxidase system both in the presence and absence of hyaluronic acid.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

In this study, a series of hot-melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) based on metallocene polyolefin (me-PO) were prepared to investigate their possibility of replacing the HMPSAs based on styrenic block copolymers (SBCs). In addition, to optimize the performance of HMPSAs based on me-PO, several tackifiers having different softening point and molecular weight were evaluated. To achieve the HMPSAs which can satisfy the Dahlquist Criterion, hot melts required over 10% of process oil. To obtain the HMPSAs having low viscosity which can be applied by a spraying type applicator, secondary polymer having relatively low crystallinity was required. And, tackifier having high molecular weight attributed to increasing the cohesive strength of me-PO based HMPSAs.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 2004

Due to the luminescence by$ Er ^{ 3+}$ activator, Er-doped $LaPO_4$ powders can be applied for optical amplification materials. In this study, $LaPO_4$:Er nanoparticles were synthesized in solution system using a high-boiling coordinating solvent and their properties were investigated through various spectroscopic techniques. The nanoparticles were to take a single phase of monazite structure by a X-ray diffraction analysis and to have the 5-6 nm of particles size with narrow size distribution by a TEM. And it was confirmed by the EA and FT-IR analyses that the surfaces of nanoparticles are coordinated with the solvent molecules, which will possibly keep from agglomerating between LaPO$_4$:Er nanoparticles. In the emission spectrum of $LaPO_4$:Er nanoparticle at NIR region, on the other hand, it was measured that the emission intensity is very weak, which is due to the transition from $^4$$I_{(13/2)}$ to $^4$$I_{(15/2)}$ of $Er^{3+ }$ion. It was interpreted that the weak luminescence of $LaPO_4$:Er is originated from the hydroxyl groups adsorbed on the surfaces of the nanoparticles, because OH group acts as an efficient quencher for the $^4$$I_{(13/2)}$ \longrightarrow $^4$$I_{(15/2)}$ emission of $Er^{3+}$ activator. But the co-doping of Yb$^{3+}$ as a sensitizer in this nanoparticle results in the increase of the emission intensity at 1539 nm due to the effective energy transfer from $Yb^{3+}$ to $Er^{3+}$ . In addition, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited good dispersibility with some polymers and effective luminescence at NIR region.n.