• 한국음향학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 한국어의 규칙합성에 관한 연구중 파열음의 함성 파라미터를 추정하기 위하여 사용한 통계적 방법과 인지실험에 의한 방법에 관하여 기술하고 있다. 합성기로는 직렬 포만트 합성기를 구성하여 사용하였고 통제적 분석에 사용된 음성시료는 9개의 초성 파열음과 8개의 모음으로 구성되는 72개의 독립 CV형태를 갖는 단음절을 만일 화자를 통하여 수집하였다. 음성의 분석은 시간 및 주파수 평면에서 파라미터의 변화를 중심으로 행하였으며, 인지실험을 통한 파라미터 추정방법을 통하여 독립적으로 포만트 파라미터의 변화에 관하여 조사하였다.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.93-109
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• 2007

It is reported that the orthognathic patients suffer from not only aesthetic problems but also resonance disorder and articulation disorder because of the abnormality of the oral cavity. This study was designed to investigate the resonance of nasality and the intelligibility of speech for acoustic characteristics of patients' speech before and after orthognatic surgery. 8 orthognathic patients participated in the study. The nasality of words containing Korean consonants, Korean consonants and frequency and intensity of the fricative /s/ were measured using Nasometer and CSL (Computerized Speech Lab). Results were as follows: First, the nasality of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased in spontaneous speech. There was a significant difference in the nasality for all words between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Second, the nasality of each Korean consonant phoneme of post orthognathic surgery patients decreased. There was also a significant difference of the nasality for each Korean consonant phoneme between pre and post orthognatic surgery patients. Third, the decreased nasality for Korean consonant phonemes showed in plosives, affricates, fricatives, liquids, and nasals after surgery. But the significant difference showed only in plosives and fricatives. Finally, frequency and intensity for the fricative /s/ of post orthognathic patients increased.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2018

This study aims to contrast phonological characteristics of Korean and Turkish in terms of language universality. Considering consonants, both languages have the same number of consonants (21), which is the most typologically plausible structure of consonants. Thus, it can be said that they display high universality in the number of consonants. However, Turkish shows higher universality in regards to their substance, i.e., it differs from Korean when it comes to the structure of plosives and affricates. Turkish has two contrastive consonants, i.e., voiced and voiceless. However, the Korean plosives and affricates consist of neutral, tense and aspirate voiceless. In the case of vowels, both Korean with 10 vowels and Turkish with 8 vowels show lower universality. Yet, all of those vowels belong to the list of the most plausible vowels which makes their universality higher in substance. In respect of the syllable structure, Korean with its (C)V(C) type shows a moderately complex structure while Turkish with its (C)V(C)(C) type has a complex structure. The coda may consist of two consonants in Turkish while only one consonant is possible in Korean. However, onset is composed of one consonant in both languages. The contrastive study of similarities and differences between Korean and Turkish in terms of phonological characteristics will help not only understand the two languages but also provide useful information to increase the efficacy of Korean language education for Turkish learners of Korean, whose number is rapidly increasing.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

After performing mandibular setback surgery, we found some changes in patterns and organs of speech. This investigation was undertaken to investigate the aspect and degree of speech patterns according to the amount of surgical setback in mandibular prognathic patients. Thirteen patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were studied preoperative and postoperative over 6 months. They had undergone the mandible setback operation via bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO). We split the patients into two groups. Group 1 included patients whose degree of mandibular setback was 6mm or less, and Group 2 above 6mm. Control group was two adults wish normal speech patterns. A phonetician performed narrow phonetic transcriptions of tape-recorded words and sentences produced by each of the patients and the acoustic characteristics of the plosives, fricatives, and flaps were analyzed with a phonetic computer program (Computerized Speech Lab(CSL) Model 4300B(USA)). The results are as follows: 1. Generally, Patients showed longer closure duration of plosives, shorter VOT(voice onset time) and higher ratio of closure duration against VOT. 2. Patients showed more frequent diffuse distribution than the control group in frication noise energy of fricatives. 3. In fricatives, frequency of compact from were higher in group 1 than in group 2. 4. Generally, a short duration of closure for /ㄹ/ was not realized in the patient's flaps. Instead, it was realized as fricatives, sonorant with a vowel-like formant structure, or trill type consonant. 5. Abnormality of the patient's articulation was reduced, but adaptation of their articulation after surgery was not perfect and the degree of adaptation was different according to the degree of surgical setback.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

목 적: 해외귀국학생들의 수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 이들은 우리말의 체계가 완전히 확립되기 전 다른 언어의 영향을 받고 성장하여 우리말의 이해가 어렵고, 발음이 어눌하여 학업이나 교우관계에 문제가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 해외귀국학생의 한국어발음 특징을 음향, 음성학적 방법으로 분석하였다. 방 법: 우리말의 파열음(ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ, ㄷ, ㄸ, ㅌ, ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ) 9개를 VCV 형식으로 녹음하여 폐쇄구간과 기식구간 길이와 비율을 측정하였다. 해외귀국학생 군과 국내거주학생 간 파열음의 조음오류의 비율과 유형을 비교하고 조음위치와 발성유형에 따른 음향음성학적 특성을 분석, 비교하였다. 결 과: 해외귀국학생 군과 국내거주학생 군 간 조음오류 비율은 해외귀국학생 군 19.4%, 국내거주학생 군 2%로 나타났다. 해외귀국학생군의 발음 오류 중 가장 많이 나타난 유형으로 발성 유형의 오류는 경음화, 조음 위치의 오류는 비음화 이었다. 해외귀국초등학생 군이 국내거주 초등학생군 보다 모든 조음위치와 발성유형에서 파열음의 폐쇄구간, 기식구간 길이가 유의하게 길게 나타났다. 그러나 대상군간 폐쇄구간 대 기식구간의 길이의 비율을 비교한 결과 유의하지 않았다. 결 론: 해외귀국학생은 국내거주학생보다 파열음 산출에 조음 오류가 더 자주 일어나며 국내거주학생보다 각 조음위치에 따른 발성유형을 분류하여 정확한 발음을 찾아 산출하는 우리말 발화속도가 느리다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 해외귀국초등학생 발음의 음향음성학적 문제점을 이해하고 추후 해외귀국초등학생의 조음을 평가하는 객관적인 자료에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.607-615
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• 1990

In this paper, I propose the experimental models to classify the consonants in the Vowel-Consonant-Vowel (VCV) speech chain into four phonemic groups such as nasals, liquids, plosives and the others. To classify the fuzzy patterns like speech, it is necessary to analyze the distribution of acoustic feature of many training data. The classification rules are maximum 4 th order polynomial functions obtained by regression analysis, contributing collectively the result. The final result shows about 87% success rates with the data spoken by one man.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.159-162
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• 2003

This study investigates Korean phonation types in terms of spectral characteristics of release bursts. Particularly, this study compares intensity of the speech signal in the release burst, the center of gravity and skewness of the spectra of the release bursts across phonation types for the Korean alveolar plosives. The results showed that there was no significant difference in intensity, center of gravity, or skewness across phonation types but a significant difference across speakers.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제61호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2007

The present study investigates acoustic cues of russian soft plosive consonants. In previous studies, russian soft consonants are distinguished from hard consonants by F1, F2 of following vowels. The result showed: (1) that F0 of soft plosive consonants in following vowels were lower than those of hard plosive consonants; (2) and that VOT of soft plosive consonants were longer than those of hard plosive consonants. Hence, the present that, in addition to F1, F2, VOT and F0 are detected as acoustic cues that differentiate soft plosive consonants from hard plosive consonant in Russian.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2008

The number of Asian women immigrants in Korea is getting bigger and it's important to note that their communication problem in Korean causes not only the difficulty of adapting to Korean society but their children's speech-language disorder. To date there is little research on their acoustics characters and articulatory errors. Therefore, this study focuses on acoustic characters and articulatory error patterns of the women immigrants from Japan and Philippine based on the theory of "contrastive analysis". The subjects were 16 Japanese women immigrants(age: 42.5$\pm$4.4) and 14 Philippine women immigrants(age: 31.64$\pm$6.7) and control group consisted of 10 Korean women(age: 28.3$\pm$1.2). Speech and hearing of all subjects and control group were within normal limits. Speech samples were analyzed in a computer using CSL and data analysis was done on FFT widow for F1, F2, F3 of vowels and on wideband spectrogram for VOT of plosives and africatives. The results of this study were like this; For Japanese women immigrants, they had different articulatory patterns of /e/, /a/, /u/, /o/, /$\varepsilon$/, /m/ from those of Koreans and showed articulatory errors on the fortis and aspirated sounds. The reason is Japanese has only two distinctive characters for plosives and affricates; voicing and voiceless. The Philippine women immigrants also showed the same error patterns as the Japanese women immigrants. Especially the errors on aspirated sounds were prominent because their mother tongue has no distinctive characters about aspirated sounds. For vowels, they showed errors of /a/, /o/, /c/.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1992

음성 인식에 신경망 모델을 적용하는 많은 연구들이 있었지만, 주된 관심은 음성인식에 적합한 구조와 학습 방법이었다. 그러나 음성인식에 신경망 모델을 적용한 시스템의 효율 향상은 모델 자체의 구조뿐 아니라, 신경망 모델의 입력으로 어떤 음성 파라미터를 사용하는가에 따라서도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 논문은 기존 음성인식에 신경망 모델을 적용한 많은 연구들에서 사용한 음성 파라미터를 살펴보고, 대표적인 음성 파라미터 6개를 선정하여, 같은 데이타와 같은 신경망 모델 하에서 어떻게 성능이 달라지는지를 분석한다. 인식 실험에 있어서는 한국어 파열음 9개에 대한 8개 데이터 집합과 모음 8개에 대한 18개 데이터 집합을 음성 파라미터로 하고 신경망 모델은 순환 신경망 모델을 사용하여 노드의 수를 일정하게 한뒤 다양한 입력 파라미터의 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 선형 예측 계수로부터 얻어진 delta cepstrum의 음성 파라미터가 가장 좋은 성능을 보였으며 이때 인식률은 같은 학습 데이터에 대해 파열음 100.0%, 모음 95.1%이었다.