• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2018

Purpose: Treatment of diabetic foot infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains challenging. Applying vancomycin-impregnated cement is one of the best methods of treatment. Vancomycin-impregnated cement has been used worldwide; however, to date, there is a limited number of studies regarding its use. We evaluated the duration of antimicrobial activity of vancomycin-impregnated cement stored at room temperature after manufacturing. Materials and Methods: The vancomycin-impregnated cement was manufactured by mixing 1 g of vancomycin with 40 g of polymer and adding 17.90 g of liquid monomer. The cement dough was shaped into flat cylinders with diameter and height of 6 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Another cement of the same shape without mixing vancomycin was prepared as the negative control. All manufactured cements were sterilized with ethylene oxide gas and stored at room temperature. Each cement was placed on Mueller Hinton agar plate lawned with standard MRSA strain. Standard vancomycin disk and gentamicin disk were placed together. After 24 hours, the diameter of inhibition zone was measured, and if the diameter was less than 15 mm, vancomycin-impregnated cement was regarded as a loss of antimicrobial activity. The study was repeated every 2 weeks until vancomycin-impregnated cements lost their antimicrobial activity. Results: Vancomycin-impregnated cement stored for a duration of 16 weeks created a 14 mm inhibition zone, while vancomycin disk created a 15 mm inhibition zone. Vancomycin-impregnated cement stored for a duration of 17 weeks created 7 mm and 9 mm inhibition zones, while vancomycin disk created 16 mm and 15 mm inhibition zones, respectively. Conclusion: We found a decrease of antimicrobial activity in vancomycin-impregnated cements after 16 weeks. After 17 weeks, they showed definite loss of antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we recommend not using vancomycin-impregnated cement spacers that has been stored for more than 16 weeks at room temperature.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

Purpose: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the management steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIO) in children. With the increasing use of bisphosphonates, there have been reports of abnormal radiological findings in the growing skeleton. Therefore, their use in pediatric patients remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the long-term follow-up radiographic features, particularly metaphyseal sclerotic lines, in children who receive pamidronate therapy for nephropathy. Methods: Twenty-four children with nephropathy treated with oral calcium and pamidronate (mean duration, 9 months; dose, 100 mg daily), were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had SIO secondary to chronic glucocorticoid therapy for treating nephropathy. Long bone radiographic imaging was performed before treatment with pamidronate, and at follow-up, several years later. Physeal growth rates were estimated by measuring the distance that the sclerotic lines moved on the radiographs during the corresponding time intervals. Results: The mean follow-up period was 138 months. Long bone radiographs showed well-defined sclerotic lines at the metaphyseal ends, progressively moving from the physeal plate to the diaphysis, in all patients. The mean rate of movement of the sclerotic line was 6.21 mm per year. In 12 patients, the lines disappeared. The mean rate of growth in height was 7.33 cm per year. Conclusions: Results of long-term follow-up suggest that the metaphyseal sclerotic lines associated with pamidronate treatment tend to disappear without affecting overall skeletal growth. Bisphosphonate treatment for SIO in children with nephropathy seems to be safe, although further studies in larger number of patients are needed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties on vacuum packaged Yakibuda products for Export during storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. Yakibuda, Japanese favorite meat product, were produced with three different pork cuts or tenderloin (T1), loin (T2) and ham (T3). The pH of all produce was tend to increased with increase in storage period. After 40 days of storage, pH of T2 was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to other treatments. TBARS and VBN values of all treatments were increased with increased storage period. The water holding capacity ranged $81.41{\sim}92.20%$ in T1, $81.13{\sim}94.51%$ in T2 and $82.93{\sim}87.50%$ in T3. The shear force of T3 was higher than that of other treatments during whole storage time. The number of microorganism (Total plate counts, Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli spp.) were below 3.0 $log_{10}CFU/cm^2$ during the whole storage period. In sensory evaluation, the score of overall acceptability were above 5.5 point in all products. The storage properties of vacuum packaged Yakibuda could be maintained for 40 days at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ storage temperature.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

pH of oriental medicine sludge was 5.3, which was similar to 5.2 of the main ingredient, corncob. Its sugar content, however, was 4.8 mg/g, which was 2.5 times higher than concorb's 1.9 mg/g. According to the addition content analysis of oriental medicine sludge by using blood agar plate, the experimental group showed much more robust growth than the control group. 10% of oriental medicine sludge was added to corncob and pine tree sawdust for test-tube culture. Then they were cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days after inoculating Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn. The control group and experimental group showed 2.2~3.4 and 5.8~6.4 cm hypae growths respectively. At the field test for 10% herbal medicine refuse, mushroom yield dropped by 5% compared to the control group. However, it had distinctively lower number of deformity and the 2nd grade products. An economic analysis was conducted based on the cultivation facility that produces 160,000 mushrooms per day. The analysis demonstrated that the facility can save 50,000,000 won in the starting year and 130,000,000 won in the following years from the unit cost of production excluding labour and operation cost.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.1 s.49
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

An experimental study is performed to investigate the effect of air-side heat transfer and friction on characteristics of finned tube heat exchanger under dry surface and wet surface conditions (RH 50%, 70%). Air enthalpy calorimeter is used to obtain the performance evaluation and analysis of a fined tube heat exchanger. Four finned tube heat exchangers with slit fin or plain fin are tested. The number of tube rows are 2 and 3, and the tube diameter is 7 mm. Air-side heat transfer and friction are presented in terms of j factor and friction factor. At dry surface condition, j factor decreases with increasing Re and j factor of 3 row is lower than that of 2 row. Also, the friction factor of a slit fin is larger than that of a plain fin. At wet surface condition, the heat transfer effect is more significant in the case of the slit fin than the plain fin and 2 row than 3 row. The j factor and friction factor are affected by humidity, tube row and fin configuration.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

As increasing number of large-size earthquake, the social interest of seismic retrofitting of RC structure is growing. Especially, the RC columns that are not reflected seismic design can not resist lateral loads by the earthquake. The brittle fracture of Non-seismic designed columns lead to full collapse of the building. Thus, the emergency columns reinforcement method is needed. That have a fast construction time, do not cause damage to the column. In the past, cross-sectional expansion method, a steel plate reinforcing method is applied mainly, but in recent years, carbon fiber sheet taking advantage of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is widely used. In this study, retrofitting effect of seismic performance of FRP seismic reinforcement, which is possible to emergency construction, was examined. Reinforced concrete specimens were constructed to experimental study. The seismic performence of specimes retrifitted with FRP seismic reinforcement were evaluated. As a result, the seismic performance of specimen reinforced with FRP seismic reinforcement has been improved.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2010

This study aims to determine that the test of medicines containing oxiracetam as their main ingredient was properly performed according to protocol. Furthermore, the study is to provide the written form of protocol in order to examine the validity of the HPLC analytical method for the quantitative analysis of oxiracetam in the finished products. In this experiment, system suitability, precision, linearity, range, accuracy, specificity, quantitative limit, and detection limit of the analytical method which was used to determine the contained quality of oxiracetam, were examined. The result shows that system suitability indicates 0.127% RSD, plate number 15081, tailing factor 0.49, and resolution 32.41. The experiment of precision reveals the result of below 0.359% for repetitiveness and among the subjects. In the linearity experiment, a coefficient of correlation ($R^2$) indicates that it is 1. The accuracy experiment satisfies the standards of the recovery test, which is minimum 98.4% and maximum 99.6%. Detection limit is 0.1 mg/L and quantitative limit was found to be 0.5 mg/L. The experiment to check the specificity also satisfies the standards, so the finished product using oxiracetam as the main ingredient is verified as suitable.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.277-282
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• 2016

British Pharmacopoeia (BP 2013), the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 39) and the Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP XI) contain monographs for the quality control of raw diosmin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, official monographs detailing pharmaceutical formulations for diosmin are not available in foreign pharmacopoeias. In the KP XI, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy-which is less specific than HPLC-is reported for the testing of diosmin capsules. In this study, we present an alternative HPLC assay for such testing that is more specific than UV-Vis methods. Method validation was performed to determine linearity, precision, accuracy, system suitability, and robustness. The linearity of calibration curves in the desired concentration range was high ($r^2$>0.999), while the RSDs for intra- and inter-day precision were 0.15-0.29 % and 1.05-1.74%, respectively. Accuracies ranged from 101.2-103.2 %, while the retention time and peak area RSDs were 0.37 % and 0.06 %, respectively. Additionally, the plate number and asymmetry factor values for diosmin were 3591.293 and 1.35, respectively. Since the intermediate-precision and robustness of the assay were satisfactory, this method will be a valuable addition to the Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP XI).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1982

Methods for the measurement of aquatic bacteria can be divided into two groups. The first group of these methods is based on the 'replicon' concept that live bacterial cells, when diluted and transferred to a suitable medium, produce colonies. These methods distinguish living from dead bacteria, but they massively underestimate bacterial numbers. The second group of enumeration methods uses visual counting technique using specific apparatus such as a microscope. These methods are generally direct and simple, but it is very hard to distinguish between live and dead bacteria and between small particle and bacteria. Recently developed technique in staining methods has provided a reliable method of visual determination of aquatic bacteria. This uses epifluorescence microscopy to measure the total bacterial population. In order to present the fluorescence microscopy as a new methodology for the determination of bacterial numbers in water supplies, data were obtained from chlorine and monochloramine doses added to samples. Total counts by fluorescence microscopy were compared with standard plate count method. The total number of bacteria in water supplies can be determined with fluorescence microscopy. This technique allows better resolution of small bacteria and differentiation of particle from bacteria. Chloramine was found to persist longer in natural waters and prevent bacterial regrowth.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-69
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• 1994

In this study, with the problem of "What is the desirable illustrations?", the problem points of the existing textbooks were analyzed, and the opinions of experts concerning desirable illustrations were examined through questionaire survey, and by developing 'Analysis Framework of Illustrations', and Korean-Japanese 'science' textbooks were analyzed and compared with. The conclusions for the direction of korean 'science' textbooks are summarized as follows : 1) The numbers of korean illustrations should be more about two than one of per one page of the existing textbooks. 2) The korean illustrations for the 6th grade should be more largely inserted. 3) The more econmic space utilizing measure should be groped for looking at from the such side. 4) Though the kinds of Korean illustrations are mostly composed of photographs, pictures, illustrations, cartoons, etc. should be positively utilized. and the shapes of photographs should be diversified by such as square, round shape,omissions of background and others. 5) The distribution of players by sex should be considered envenly for male and female from the ascendency of male (1.5: 1). 6) It was found that it is desirable for the formation of role of illustrations of 20% for motive inducement, 45% for guidance for experimentation, 30% for presentation of data, and 5% for presentation of the results of experimentation. 7) The illustrations for guidance for experimentation should present important stages of experimentation process regardless the number of illustration. 8) It would be advantageous for motive induction to find the subject matters as possible as from the children's close actual life. 9) It is necessary to induce more freely method in utilizing Printing plate for inserting illustrations. 10) It is the result of research that the existing Korean textbooks are not suitable in inducing interest, and the positive strategy to induce interest is demanded. 11) It is required to select their location freely in accordance with the content regardless the. 12) In order to develop such illustrations, it is required to cultivate expert illustrators, and more economic investment is required for development of illustrations. The emphasis matters of revision of the 6th educational process of 'Inducement of study motive and emphasis on interest' is the change of presenting form and method of illustrations, which is expected to be rewarded with much good fruits.