• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.427-445
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• 1996

According as the fashion at the latter half part of the 20th century is diversified and made into high-class gradually, it is demanding the individuality of each one. Especially, since the beginning of 1980s, fashion came to represent the restoration mood in a modern style because of the popularization of post-modernism. And with this, it came to result in the reappearance of minimalism which was one of anti-culture in 1960s. In this study, this researcher grasped the appearance background, concept and structural concept of minimalism, and tried to study the influence that he minimalism had on fashion in the flow of fashion over the first half period of the 20th century. Minimalism is the fine art trend of American characteristic which quicked by the meeting of European culture and American culture, according as the new avant-grade art of Europe moved to America after World War II Minimalism which appeared, refusing the mechanisation, industrialization and mass production of America and the falsehood of consciousness and sensitivity under existing system remained obscure by the pop art which is the commercial fine art of same period, but it came to expand the domain of work possibility of modern fine art, and it became the basis of appearance of post-modernism. Minimalism has 4 kinds of structural features which are nonside nature, repetitiousness and environment nature with 3 dimensional feature which is issue nature. Minimalism is appearing in the exfcellent and future-oriented fashon of Andre Kureju t the time of 1960 well. Then science revolution and minimalism aroused the mini-revolution, and they made the compact radio in electric home appliances and the miniskirt in fashion appear. The features of minimal fashion as Retro '60' which appeared in the decedent mood with the 21st century just before on are as follows: First, the are the pursuit of concise plastic line. Second, it is the use of high tech material Third, the miniaturization in size amy be enumerated. Minimal fashion will appear s the positive confrontation from of mankind as the optimistic viewpoint about feature in the situation hat environment was destroyed and the resources were exhausted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2012

To evaluate whether or not their product is in conformity with its drawing, today's factories manufacturing rubber and/or plastic products use manual process. In manual conformity inspection process, a person decides conformity as comparing drawing to image of product with his eyes. The manual process is tedious and time-consuming in addition that it is impossible to automatically record various informations related to inspection. To solve such problems, this paper proposes automatic drawing conformity inspection system based on computer vision technologies such as image feature matching and bilinear interpolation. The test results show that proposed system is a lot faster when comparing with manual system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Objective. The objective of this international comparative study was to investigate the clinical features and outcome of the treatment of infratemporal fossa abscess (IFA). Study design. This retrospective study was conducted at the Deptartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Hallym University and "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Ten-year records of patients were reviewed in Romania and six-year records were reviewed in Korea. The collected data was then analyzed. Results. A total of 36 cases were found to be IFA (12 males and 24 females: average age; $36.3{\pm}15.5$ yrs: 34 cases from Romania and 2 cases from Korea). The annual frequency of IFA in Romanian and Korean hospitals was 3.40 and 0.33 respectively (P<0.001). The etiology was septic anesthesia (33.3%), infection occurring after extraction (30.6%), periapical lesion (13.9%), impacted third molar (8.3%), post-extraction alveolitis (5.6%), and unknown (8.3%). A successful outcome was seen in 27 patients (75.0%) after initial treatment. The main complication after initial treatment was restricted movement of the mouth (9 cases). Conclusion. The etiology of IFA was various and minimal swelling hampered early diagnosis. To prevent IFA, preoperative painting with antiseptic agent must be stressed and proper drainage proved important to relieve pain and to prevent further complications.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1997

The bronchoscopy is usually performed in the patients who present symptoms of wheezing, hemoptysis, signs of airway obstruction, unexplained long-term chronic cough with or without radiologic features of pneumonia, emphysema or atelectasis. The symptoms and signs of cases of suspected airway foreign body are of often cofused with those of asthma pneumonia and other respiratory tract disease. The ventilating bronchoscopy will be helpful for removal of certain foreign bodies as well as alleviating medically-unresponsive bronchopulmonary conditions via removing abnormal secretions or merely improving ventilation. The authors have performed clinical analysis of 59 patients who were suspected of airway foreign bodies and treated by ventilating bronchoscopy from September 1985 to February 1995. The results were as follows: 1) Among the 59 cases of bronchoscopy, 51 cases(97%) were under the age of 3. The ratio of male and female was 2.69:1 2) Most common presenting symptom was coughing(84.7%) followed by dyspnea, fever, wheezing and anterior chest pain. 3) Among 39 cases of identified foreign bodies, abnormal findings in the chest X-ray films were found in 33 cases(84.6%) and most common abnormal radiologic feature was pneumonia in 10 cases(25.6%) followed by combination of pneumonia and emphysema, or emphysema alone. All the 20 cases of absent foreign body presented abnormal radiologic features and common findings were pneumonia and atelectasis. 4) Vegetable foreign bodies were the most common form of removed airway foreign bodies(69.2%) followed by metallic foreign bodies(12.8%) and plastic foreign bodies(7.7%). 5) By distribution of the location of foreign bodies, 29 cases(74.4%) were located in the main bronchus( 16 cases of right side and 13 cases of left side), 8 cases were in the trachea and 2 cases were found at the cordal level. 6) By duration of foreign body lodgement in the airway, 9 cases(23.1%) were removed within 7 to 30 days, 10 cases(5.6%) within 3 days and 5 cases(12.8%) were enlodged over 30 days. 7) In the cases of absent foreign bodies, common bronchoscopic findings were mucopurulent or thick mucoid discharge in the main bronchi, erythema or edema of bronchial mucosa and all the cases were improved after ventilating bronchoscopy with concomitant medical management.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.281-291
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• 2021

Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and innate immune defense against invading microbial pathogens. Brain-resident macrophages can be classified into microglia in the brain parenchyma and non-parenchymal brain macrophages, also known as central nervous system-associated or border-associated macrophages, in the brain-circulation interface. Microglia and non-parenchymal brain macrophages, including meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages, are mostly produced during embryonic development, and maintained their population by self-renewal. Microglia have gained much attention for their dual roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and the induction of neuroinflammation. In particular, diverse phenotypes of microglia have been increasingly identified under pathological conditions. Single-cell phenotypic analysis revealed that microglia are highly heterogenous and plastic, thus it is difficult to define the status of microglia as M1/M2 or resting/activated state due to complex nature of microglia. Meanwhile, physiological function of non-parenchymal brain macrophages remain to be fully demonstrated. In this review, we have summarized the origin and signatures of brain-resident macrophages and discussed the unique features of microglia, particularly, their phenotypic polarization, diversity of subtypes, and inflammasome responses related to neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.735-746
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• 2002

The task of plastic theory is twofold: first, to set up relationships between stress and strain that adequately describe the observed plastic deformation of metals, and second, to develop techniques for using these relationships in studying of the mechanics of metal forming processes, and the anlaysis and design of structures. One of the major problems in the theory of plasticity is to describe the behavior of work-hardening materials in the plastic range for complex loading histories. This can be achieved by formulating constitutive laws either in the integral or differential forms. To adequately predict the response of steel members during cyclic loading, the hardening rule must account for the features of cyclic stress-strain behavior. Neithe of the basic isotropic and kinematic hardening rules is suitable for describing cyclic streess-strain behavior, although a kinematic hardening rule describes the nearly linear portions of the stabilized hystersis loops. There is also a limited expansion of the yield surface as predicted by the isotropic hardening rule. Strong ground motions or wind gusts affect the complex and nonproportional loading histories in the inelastic behavior of structues rather than the proportional loading. Nonproportional loading is defined as externally applied forces on the structure, with variable ratios during the entire loading history. This also includes the rate of time-dependency of the loads. For nonproportional loading histories, unloading may take place along a chord instead of the radius of the load surface. In such cases, the shape of the stress-strain curve has to be determined experimentally for all non-radial loading conditions. The plasticity models including two surface models ae surveyed based on a yield surface and a bound surface that represent a state of maximum stress. This paper is concerned with the improvement of a plasticity models of the two-surface type for structural steel. This is follwed by an overview of plasticity models on structural steel. Finally the need for further research is identified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.163-182
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was intended to analyze artistic formativeness represented in the modern fashion design materials. Nowadays the modern fashion design materials is characterized by variety. The fashion materials the most important of fashion is called a softwear in textile industry and emerged as a new field. Fashion design also escaped from the tra-ditional restraint and extended to pursue lib-eral clothes and the designer's creative inten-tion has resulted in conceptual and conven-tional alteration as a new mode of plastic ex-preseeion. As a results of analysis of the formative fea-ture of Art style represented in the modern fashion design materials. First Surrealism had been searching for a new way of confronting a social and rtistic environment that was stifling and repugnant to them. Accordingly the wide applicaytion of the various object due to the thought of Sur-realism through the modern fashion materials brought the diversification and individua-lization of the modern fashion design. Second Pop Art that is made modern mech-anic culture and commercialism brought the great transformation in the history of Art out of the existing style and the sense of ex-pression. And the plastic characteristics of Pop Art that has a gravity as modern fashion materials on a them of the elements of popular consumer's society. That is the common and cheap objects were introduced into fashion materials itself or pat-tern. Third Minimalism is a trend in art att-empting to seek essence of the object by presenting simple and disciplined expressions by minimal formative means. The features of external form are simplicity clarity unrelated composition and symmetrical structure. Mini-malism was a quest for basic elements repre-senting the fundamental esthetic values of art. The minimal expression in modern fashion materials mean fabrics with simple surface and is contained using simple geometric pattern or utilizing textiles without any patterns. Fourth Eroticism is a kind of psychological revolution in the development of human civilization and is deeply rooted in the cultural tradition of myth religion customs and art. So Eroticism must be distinguished from a mere animal reproduction. These erotic char-acteristics were holded the meanings of sexu-ality through the modern fashion materials. Especially it was expressed the sexual part of body was nakedly showed through trans-parent materials or semitransparent like metalic and opaque materials. Recently the various kinds of new materials such as paper vinyle plastic metal as well as human body were applied to new fashion de-sign. First of all the new materials will give modern fashion designers stimuli and inspi-ration. It can also express values of moderners to despise materialism and uniformed modern society and to recover humanity and self-actualization.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2012

One of the main features of Drillship or FPSO is a moonpool structure. The moonpool structures have various accuracy tolerances according to their functions and targets. This study is mainly interested in roundness of a circular moonpool structure in FPSO. Because this structure needs abrasion-resistance at which bearing of machine touches on inner wall of moonpool, we should do over-lay welding widely and deeply by using Inconel weld material. But a general over-lay can cause a severe distortion at ship block structure. If we can analyze the roundness by thermal distortion under Inconel over-lay, we can establish a special erection policy by the results. In this study, we designed stress-strain curve for strain-boundary condition analysis by an elasto-plastic material property. The results made us to decide an appropriate ship-block size and policy of crane manipulation will follow for its capacity. If a structure that needs over-lay is not large, solid elements also are not a bad choice for FEM modeling. Therefore we also developed a standard of using strain-boundary method that shell elements are used as over-lay on solid element modeling.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

Skin serves as an easily accessible source of multipotent stem cells with potential for cellular therapies. In pigs, stem cells from skin tissues of fetal and adult origins have been demonstrated as either floating spheres (cell aggregates) or adherent spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells depending on culture conditions. The cells isolated from the epidermis and dermis of porcine skin showed plastic adherent growth in the presence of serum and positively expressed a range of surface and intracellular markers that are considered to be specific for MSCs. The properties of primitive stem cells have been observed with the expression of alkaline phosphatase and markers related to pluripotency. Further, studies have shown the ability of skin-derived MSCs to differentiate in vitro along mesodermal, neuronal and germ-line lineages. Moreover, preclinical studies have also been performed to assess their in vivo potential, and the findings appear to be effective in tissue regeneration at the defected site after transplantation. The present review describes the recent progress on the biological features of porcine skin-derived MSCs as adherent cells, and summarizes their potential in advancing stem cell based therapies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 1994

A two-dimensional Lagrangian finite-difference computer program is developed for the wave propagation analysis of impact phenomena. The numerical scheme is the standard method originally proposed by Von Neuman and Richtmyer, using artificial viscosity to smooth shock fronts. The material model used in the study is the standard hydrodynamic-elastic-plastic relations with Von-Mises yield criterion. A test configuration consisted of a target and a projectile were calculated to understand the response of a colliding event. However, the computer code is in plane strain, the calculations were intended for generating the qualitative features of the model behaviors. Nevertheless, the computational results were consistent with the experimental observations and provided a rational basis to interpret the modes of failures.