• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

Today's scientists try to remove heavy metals with many new technologies such as phytoremediation. One of the best cutting edge technologies is developing transgenic plants to remove certain heavy metal in soil. I constructed the transformation vector expressing T. goesingense Metal Transport Protein1 gene and TgMTP1: GFP genes. The transgenic plants were selected and confirmed the transformed genes into Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression was confirmed in several parts in Arabidopsis cells, tissues and organs. When TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected, transgenic plants showed higher heavy metal tolerance than non-transgenic. For further study I selected the transgenic plant lines with enhanced tolerance against four different heavy metals; Zn, Ni, Co, Cd. The accumulation of these metals in these plants was further analyzed. The TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plant of selected lines are resistant against heavy metals. This plant is characterized by the expression of the MTP1 gene accumulating heavy metal in the vacuole and being simultaneously expressed on the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these plants may be used in plant purification applications, and as a plant with increased tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 1999

Recent epidemiologic and clinical students have shown that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, there is not much data on the characteristics of anthropometry and lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemia patients with hypertiglyceridemia. In this study, 112 hypercholesterolemic subjects$(T.C{\ge}240mg/dl)$ were divided into two groups by their plasma triglyceride levels. We compared the anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles of the subjects between the two groups : the simples hypercholesterolemic group(SHC, TG<200mg/dl) and the combined hypercholesterolemic group$(CHC, TG{\ge}250mg/dl)$. The distribution of the subjects into the SHC and CHC groups was 36.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The frequency of the CHC patients decreased with age. The subjects in this group had higher weight, BMI, HWR, cricumferences of mid arm, waist, hip and thigh, and skinfold thicknesses of biceps and triceps than those of the SHC subjects. The difference of plasma total cholesterol level was mainly due to the difference of VLDL-C levels. These differences resulted in the CHC subjects having higher atherogenic indexes and T-C/HDL-C ratios than those of the SHC subjects. Also, the former had higher Apo-B and insulin levels than those the latter. However, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and HDL-C levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that hypercholesterolemic patients with hypertriglyceridemia have riskier lipid profiles for CHD than those of patients with normal triglyceridemia. They also indicate that CHC is closely associated with glucose resistance syndrome(obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia), and more prevalent in young people.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lotus leaf on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in animal model of diabetes. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of lotus leaf against yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was measured in vitro. The effect of lotus leaf on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without lotus leaf extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to the rats after an overnight fast, and postprandial plasma glucose levels were monitored. Four-week-old db/db mice were fed a basal diet or a diet containing 1% lotus leaf extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of acclimation to study the chronic effect of lotus leaf. After sacrifice, plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Lotus leaf extract inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 37.9%, which was 1.3 times stronger than inhibition by acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. Oral administration of lotus leaf extract significantly decreased the area under the glucose response curve by 35.1% compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Chronic feeding of lotus leaf extract significantly lowered plasma glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin compared with those in the control group. Lotus leaf extract significantly reduced plasma TG and total CHOL and elevated HDL-CHOL levels compared with those in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that lotus leaf is effective for controlling hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.213-213
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• 1999

현재 LCD용 기판재료는 ITO/glass를 전극으로 사용하고 있다. 그러나 유리기판은 무겁고 깨지기 쉽기 때문에 사용상 곤란한 점이 많다. 최근 flexible하고 가공성 및 생산성이 우수한 플라스틱한 ITO를 성막하여 EL용, Touch panel, plastic LCD용 사용하려는 시도로, roll-to-roll 연속 스퍼터링에 의한 ITO성막공정에 대한 연구가 최근 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 폴리머는 유리에 비해 Tg 온도가 낮고, 기판으로부터의 수분 및 여러 종류의 가스방출이 심하기 때문에 유리와는 달리 ITO막의 제조에 있어 큰 차이점이 있다. 따라서, 폴리머에 반응성 스퍼터링을 하기 위해서는 표면처리가 중요한 변수가 되며, roll to roll sputter로 ITO 필름을 얻기 위해서는 폭과 길이 방향으로 균일한 막을 얻는 것이 중요하다. 두께 75$\mu\textrm{m}$, 폭 190mm, 길이 400m로 권취된 광학용 Polyethylene terephthalate(PET:Tg:8$0^{\circ}C$)위에 In-10%Sn의 합금타겟과 Unipolar pulsed DC power supply를 사용하여 반응성 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법으로 0.2m/min의 속도로 연속 스퍼터링 하였다. PET를 Ar/O2 혼합가스로 플라즈마 전처리를 한 후, AFM, XPS를 이용하여 효과를 분석을 하였고, 성막전에 가스방출을 막기 위해 TiO를 코팅하였다. Pilot 연속 생산공정에서 재현성을 위해 PEM(Plasma Emission Monitor)의 optical emission spectroscopy를 이용, 금속과 산화물의 천이구역에서 sprtter된 I/Sn 이온과 산소 이온의 반응에 의한 최적의 플라즈마의 강도값을 입력하여 플라즈마의 radiation을 검출하고, 스퍼터링 공정중 실질적인 in-situ 정보로 이용하였다. PEM을 통하여 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도변화를 조사하였다. 초기 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도(intensity)는 강도를 100하여, 산소를 주입한 결과, plasma intensity가 35 줄어들었고, 이때 우수한 ITO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. Pulsed DC power를 사용하여 아크 현상을 방지하였다. PET 상에 coating 된 ITO 박막의 표면저항과 광투과도는 4-point prove와 spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였고, AES로 박막의 두께에 따른 성분비를 확인하였다. ITO 박막의 광투과도는 산소의 유량과 sputter 된 In/Sn ion의 plasma emission peak에 따라 72%-92%까지 변화하였으며, 저항은 37$\Omega$/$\square$ 이상을 나타내었다. 박막의 Sn/In atomic ratio는 0.12, O/In의 비율은 In2O3의 화학양론적 비율인 1.5보다 작은 1.3을 나타내었다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2015

Three growing wethers were used to investigate the differences in nitrogen (N) retention, blood plasma metabolite concentration and energy-yielding nutrient supply to muscle and adipose tissue. The wethers were fed one of three diets: timothy hay with concentrate (THD), Italian ryegrass with concentrate (IRD), and rice straw with concentrate (RSD) for 11 days. The experimental diets were adjusted to the animals to provide 100 g of daily gain. The triglyceride (TG) concentration of blood plasma in arterial and portal veins was higher with THD and IRD than with RSD. Conversely, the available amount of TG in tissues was higher with IRD. The daily amount of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) supplied to muscle tissue and adipose tissue was numerically higher with THD than IRD or RSD. Although N retention did not differ among the diets, it was numerically higher with THD than with IRD or RSD. The results suggest that the difference in the amount of glucose and NEFA delivered to muscle tissue may reflect the N retention in response to forage based diets.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2008

Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, ${\beta}$-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, ${\beta}$-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, ${\beta}$-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.710-714
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• 2006

The present study examined the lipid lowering and antioxidant activity of Paecilomyces tenuipes. Eight week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of the three diets, a reference diet without cholesterol addition (NC), a high fat (17 g/ 100 g)-high cholesterol (1 g/100 g) diet (HC) and a HC diet supplemented with 3% P. tenuipes (PT) for 30 days. Total lipid and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by 33 and 37%, respectively, in the PT diet group compared with controls. A similar reduction was found for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, while plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were not significantly different among groups. Hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels, but not hepatic TG levels, were significantly decreased in the PT group compared to the HC group. The administration of P. tenuipes increased the plasma total antioxidant potential and decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that P. tenuipes exerts significant health benefits through the modulation of physiological functions including a variety of atherogenic lipid profiles and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemia.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2003

현재 PDP(Plasma Display Panel) 상판의 유전체층은 저온에서 소성이 가능한 저융점 유리가 요구되기 때문에 융점을 낮추기에 용이한 PbO계가 주 성분으로 사용되어 오고 있으나. 최근 환경오염 등의 문제점으로 인해 Pb-free을 추구하는 새로운 유리조성의 연구가 많이 수행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 이미 PDP의 격벽과 봉착용 조성으로 많이 연구되어진 비스무스계 유리를 고려하여 PDP의 투명유전체용 조성을 찾고자 한다. Bi$_2$O$_3$-ZnO-SiO$_2$3원계를 기본으로 하는 유리조성에 유리망목형성제등을 첨가하여 열적특성과 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 열적특성은 DTA를 이용하여 유리 전이 점(Tg) 및 융점(Tl)등을 측정하였고 TMA를 이용하여 선팽창계수(CTE)를 측정하였으며 유리섬유를 제조한 후 Littleton softening point (Ts)를 측정하였다. 광학적 특성은 페이스트를 제조하여 스크린프린팅 후 54$0^{\circ}C$~$600^{\circ}C$에서 1-2 h동안 소성하여 투광성을 조사하였다. 그 결과로, 열적특성으로는 400~5$50^{\circ}C$의 Tg, 450~$600^{\circ}C$의 Ts 및 5~11$\times$$10^{-6}$K의 CTE 값을 나타 내었고 광학적 특성으로 투광성은 양호한 특성(60% 이상)을 나타내었다. Bi$_2$O$_3$ 계를 현재 PDP의 투명유 전체에 적용시키기에는 유리용융시에 높은 점도와 환원 등의 문제점을 갖고 있지만 열적특성과 광학특성면에서는 가능성을 제시하여 향후 연구를 할 가치가 있다고 본다.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2002

In view of the effect of $\beta_2$-Adrenergic receptors ($\beta_2$-AR) as a risk factor for essential hypertension, we investigated the Fnu4HI and MnlI RFLPs of $\beta_2$ -AR gene in the Korean patients with essential hypertension and normal controls. There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype of these polymorphisms between normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects. In ethnic comparison, the allele frequencies of these three sites contained Nde I RFLP reported the association with essential hypertension in Korean population previously, were very different from those of other ethnic populations studied. The significant linkage disequilibrium was detected only in hypertensive group between Nde I and Fnu4HI sites. The Fnu4HI RFLP was also significantly associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) level. Therefore, our results suggest that the significant association between Fnu4HI variation in the human $\beta_2$-AR gene and plasma TG level may reflect the potential role of human $\beta_2$-AR gene as one of the genetic components for cardiovascular risk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.958-965
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• 2015

Lycopene, a red non-provitamin A carotenoid, mainly presenting in tomato and tomato byproducts, has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids because of its high number of conjugated double bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation in the diet on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot lamb. Twenty-eight Bamei male lambs (90 days old) were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet (LP0, 40:60 roughage: concentrate) or the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg lycopene. After 120 days of feeding, all lambs were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05, linearly), total triglycerides (TG, p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05), as well as atherogenic index (p<0.001), whereas no change was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05). The levels of TG (p<0.001) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were decreased with the feeding time extension, and both showed a linear trend (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde level in plasma and liver decreased linearly with the increase of lycopene inclusion levels (p<0.01). Dietary lycopene intake linearly increased the plasma antioxidant vitamin E level (p<0.001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p<0.05), and activities of catalase (CAT, p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.05). The plasma T-AOC and activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased with the extension of the feeding time. In liver, dietary lycopene inclusion showed similar antioxidant effects with respect to activities of CAT (p<0.05, linearly) and SOD (p<0.001, linearly). Therefore, it was concluded that lycopene supplementation improved the antioxidant status of the lamb and optimized the plasma lipid profile, the dosage of 200 mg lycopene/kg feed might be desirable for growing lambs to prevent environment stress and maintain normal physiological metabolism.