• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.233-239
• /
• 2004

The present study was designed to determine the impact of mercury on endotoxin-induced inflammatory cytokine expression and corresponding signal transduction in mouse kidney. Male BALB/c mice were exposed continuously to 0, 0.3, 1.5, 7.5, or 37.5 ppm of mercury in drink-ing water for 14 days and at the end of the treatment period, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 2 h prior to euthanasia. The doses of mercury and LPS did not cause hepatotoxicity or renal toxicity as indicated by unaltered plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and terminal UTP nucleotide end-labeling assay from kidney, respectively. Mercury decreased kidney glutathione (GSH) and with LPS, it additively decreased GSH. Mercury activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and additively increased LPS-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, mercury inhibited LPS-induced activation of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but had no effect alone. Mercury increased the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TN F$\alpha$) and potentiated LPS-induced TNF$\alpha$ expression. Mercury did not affect LPS-induced interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) expression but decreased LPS-induced IL-6 expression. These results suggest that low levels of mercury might augment LPS-induced TNF$\alpha$ expression by altering GSH and p38 MAPK. Mercury modulates LPS-induced p38 and ERK activation, and downstream TNF$\alpha$ and IL-6 expression in kidney, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2017

Objective: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a well-known method for the treatment of infertility. The present study aimed to compare the differences between infertile women with successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes regarding the expression of T helper (Th) cell transcription factors and a group of related cytokines before and after exposure to their husbands' seminal plasma. Methods: This study was performed on 19 couples with unexplained infertility undergoing IVF treatment. Among the studied group, nine and 10 couples had successful and unsuccessful IVF outcomes, respectively. This study was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Before seminal plasma exposure, the expression levels of T-bet (p< 0.007), $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.013), and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.017) were higher in the infertile women with IVF failure than in those with successful IVF outcomes, while those of GATA3 (p< 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.001), and interleukin (IL)-35 (p< 0.003) were lower. After seminal exposure, the expression of T-bet (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), $TNF-{\alpha}$ (p= 0.001), Foxp3 (p= 0.02), and $interferon-{\gamma}$ (p= 0.001) increased in the unsuccessful IVF group, while the expression of Foxp3 (p= 0.02), Rorc (p< 0.001), IL-23 (p= 0.04), IL-17 (p= 0.02), IL-6 (p< 0.001), transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ (p= 0.01), and IL-35 (p< 0.001) increased in the successful IVF group. Conclusion: In summary, IVF failure was associated with imbalanced Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg responses. Moreover, our results show that seminal plasma might have a positive effect on IVF outcomes via changes in peripheral blood T cell subsets.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on antioxidant enzymes, cortisol hormone and inflammatory cytokine levels. 19 high school male judo athletes participated in the experiments. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=10) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other group placebo (placebo group, n=9) for the same time. Blood samples were collected before intake, after 2 weeks intake and 4 weeks intake and these were analyzed for total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase (CAT), levels of cortisol hormone, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). As a result, the S-peptide group was significantly increased in TAS and CAT (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels showed decrease after soybean peptide intake but there was no significant difference. In the levels of plasma cortisol which reflect stress status, there was significantly decreased in the S-peptide and placebo group after 4 weeks (P<0.05). There were significant decreases of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 after 4 weeks in S-peptide group (P<0.05). These results suggest that the intake of soybean peptide can activate antioxidant defenses and decrease exercise-induced oxidative stress.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2017

Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and plasma levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), have previously been determined to be associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of plasma levels of ACE and cytokines with recurrent depression. Methods A total of 52 participants (14 male, 38 female, aged $43.9{\pm}14.0years$) were enrolled after being diagnosed with depression by experienced psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center. The participants completed blood sampling, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Results ACE plasma levels are higher in patients with recurrent depression ($27.4{\pm}10.4U/L$) than in patients with newly diagnosed depression ($19.1{\pm}7.7U/L$) (p = 0.004). The levels of cytokines, such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, are not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, the ACE plasma level is negatively correlated with a reduction in the HAMD over six weeks (r = -0.429, p = 0.046, n = 22). Conclusions The current findings show that plasma ACE levels may be associated with recurrent depression and further suggest that the renin-angiotensin system could play a role in recurrent depression.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2013

Objectives The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of Ojeoksangamibang ($W\check{u}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extract on recovery of liver function in carbontetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-exposed rat. Methods Male rats weighing $230{\pm}7.21g$ fed experimental diet for 1 week and 28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Each of 7 rats was devided into a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline (100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 3 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 3 weeks. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-10). Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test with significance level at p<0.05. Results Plasma a-fetoprotein (AFP) and total protein concentration showed a tendency to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups. However, plasma albumin concentration showed no significant differences in all treatment groups. Activity of plasma Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups, increased addition amount of Ojeoksangamibang extracts tended to decline. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase (${\gamma}$-GT) activities showed a tendency to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang extract-treated groups, increased addition amount of Ojeoksangamibang extracts tended to decline. Concentration of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol showed a lower value than that of control group. The liver $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration were decreased, and IL-10 was increased in Ojeoksangamibang extract groups, compared to control group. Plasma $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration were decreased, and IL-10 was increased in Ojeoksangamibang extract groups, compared to control group. Conclusions This study suggested that Ojeoksangamibang may alleviate liver inflammatory reaction induced by liver toxicity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제42권8호
• /
• pp.1183-1189
• /
• 2013

연구에서는 굴 패각 추출물이 papain으로 유도된 골관절염 동물 모델에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 8주령의 C57BL/6J 마우스 우측 슬관절강에 papain $6{\mu}L$를 투여하여 골관절염을 유발하였다. 실험군은 각 군당 체중이 고르게 8마리씩 배정하여 총 다섯군으로 분류하였다. 정상군은 우측 슬관절강에 생리식염수 $6{\mu}L$ 주사하고 20일간 1일 1회 생리식염수 0.2 mL씩 경구투여 하였다. 대조군, 약물투여군, 굴 패각 추출물 투여군은 골관절염을 유발 후 각각 생리식염수, diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg/bw, OSE 100, 200 mg/kg/bw를 20일 동안 매일 1회 정해진 시간에 경구투여 하였다. 실험기간 동안 체중을 측정하였으며, 실험 20일에 부검하여 슬관절의 병리조직학적 관찰, 관절연골 내 proteoglycan 함유율, 골관절염 지수의 변화, 혈액내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량을 측정하였다. 체중은 실험기간 동안 모든 개체 간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. 관절연골 내 proteoglycan 함유율은 DS 및 OSE 투여군이 papain 투여 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05)있게 높았으며, 특히 OSE-200 투여군은 약물 투여군과 유사한 proteoglycan 함유율을 나타냈다. H&E 염색을 통하여 관찰한 결과, 골관절염이 유발된 마우스에 굴 패각추출물을 경구 투여하였을 때 관절연골의 파괴와 골 침식 등 연골의 변성이 약물 처리군과 유사한 것을 보아 굴 패각 추출물이 골관절염 치료에 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 병리조직학적으로 골관절염 지수는 DS 및 OSE 투여군이 papain 투여 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05) 있게 낮았으며, OSE-200 투여군이 OSE-100 투여군보다 낮았다. 혈액 내 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 함량은 papain 투여 대조군이 정상군에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였으며, DS 및 OSE 투여군은 대조군보다 유의성(P<0.05) 있게 낮았다. 특히 TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 IL-6 함량은 OSE-200 투여군이 약물 투여군과 유사한 감소 효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 굴 패각 추출물이 papain으로 유도된 골관절염에서 연골의 변성을 줄이고 염증을 억제함으로써 골관절염 치료에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 굴 패각은 탄산칼슘이 풍부하기 때문에 골관절염 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나, 굴 패각 추출물 중 어떠한 기능성 물질이 골관절염 개선 효과를 나타내었는지에 대해 향후 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.982-988
• /
• 2011

This research seeks a basis for developing new anti-inflammatory medicine by investigating Cornus Walteri extract for its anti-inflammatory effects. After the injection of LPS in to rats with Cornus Walteri extract, its anti-inflammatory effects were compared among the treatment groups. The plasma concentration of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ peaked at 5h after LPS injection, and the values of the Cornus Walteri extract groups were lower than those of the control group. In the increment of concentration of these cytokines at 2h and 5h after LPS injection, the Cornus Walteri groups were lower than that of control group. The plasma concentration of IL-10 peaked at 5h after LPS injection, and the values of the Cornus Walteri extract groups were higher than those of the control group. In the increment of cytokines concentration at 2h and 5h after LPS injection, the Cornus Walteri groups were higher than that of control group. Liver cytokines measurement was done at 5h after LPS injection. The concentration of liver IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the Cornus Walteri groups was lower than that of the control group. The concentrations of liver TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-10 showed no significant differences among all the treatment groups. In the studies of lipopolysaccharide-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, the concentration of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group). However, in lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, they showed lower values than those of control group and these values showed a tendency to decrease in the Cornus Walteri groups. The concentration of IL-10 in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group (normal group), and among the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, all Cornus Walteri extract groups showed higher values than single lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups. This studies have shown that in vitro and in vivo Cornus Walteri extracts are significantly more sensitive to inflammatory cytokines and LPS induced lethality. We conclude that the Cornus Walteri extracts have an functional material for inflammatory activities.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was investigating effects of Jengjengamiyijin-tang (zhengzhuanjiaweierchentang) (JGYT) on lowering lipid, antioxidation and production of inflammatory mediators being used rats fed on high oxidized fat. Methods We divided fat Sprague-Dawley rats fed on high oxidized into 4 groups. Each of 8 rats was divided into a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline (100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And We fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of JGYT extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidative activity and plasma tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), Apo-B, Apo-E and Leptin gene expression. Results 1. Concentration of plasma FFA, LDL-cholesterol, plasma and liver total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in JGYT groups. However, concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol showed a significant increment in JGYT groups. 2. Concentration of plasma and liver TG, TBARS showed a significant decrement in JGYT groups. However, concentration of liver GSH-Px, SOD and CAT showed a significant increment in JGYT groups. 3. Plasma GPT activity and concentration of plasma IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, Ceruloplasmin, ${\alpha}1$-acid glycoprotein showed a significant decrement in JGYT groups. 4. In the analysis of RT-PCR, gene expression of Apo-B and Apo-E in the JGYT groups showed a low expression than that of control group. However, the gene expression of leptin showed no difference in all the treatment groups. 5. The ratio of leptin expression per ${\beta}$-actin expression showed no significant difference among all treatment groups. However, The ratio of Apo-B and Apo-E expression per ${\beta}$-actin expression showed a significant decrement in JGYT groups. Conclusions According to this study, extract of JGYT showed a positive effect in lowering lipid, antioxidation and control of inflammatory mediators production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2002

배경: 적혈구세척법(체외순환로 충전시 사용되는 농축 적혈구를 헤파린 용액으로 세척하여 충전)은 충전용 농축적혈구액에 포함되어 있는 염증반응 전구 물질 및 각종 손상된 세포 및 미립자들을 제거할 수 있으며, 전순환-초여과법(체외순환전에 체외순환로를 자체 전순환 시킨후 초여과법을 적용)은 체외순환로에 의한 초기 염증반응을 둔화시키고 염증반응 매개체들을 제거할 수 있다 본 연구자는 상기 방법들이 수술시 형성되는 염증반응 매개체중 허혈후 재관류 손상에 관여하는 각종 사이토카인들의 형성을 억제할 수 있을 것이라 가정하여, 실제 임상 환자를 대상으로 상기 방법들을 적용하면서 각종 사이토카인의 체외순환 및 수술 시간에 따른 변화를 측정하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구자는 심실중격결손증으로 개심술을 받는 48명의 환아를 대상으로 하여, 대조군(C군, n=12), 적혈구 세척군(W군, n=12), 전순환-초여과군(F군, n=12), 혼합군(WF군, n=12) 으로 나누어 적혈구 세척법과 전순환-초여과법을 시행한 후에 체외순환을 적용하면서 tomor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$)와 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 및 interleukin-8 (IL-8) 등의 체외순환 및 수술 시간경과에 따른 변화를 측정 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-8 등의 변화는 시간에 따라 각군간 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.005). TNF-$\alpha$의 변화는 대조군(C군), 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군) 사이에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p=0.264), 혼합군(WF군)에서는 다른 군들에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). IL-6의 변화는 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군), 혼합군(WF군) 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=0.053), 각군 모두 대조군(C군)에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). IL-8의 변화는 세척군(W군), 전순환-초여과군(F군), 혼합군(WF군) 사이에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p=0.067), 대조군(C군)과 전순환-초여과군(F군) 사이에서도 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나(p=0.086), 세척군(W군)과 혼합군(WF군)에서는 대조군(C군)에 비해 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 결론: 이상의 결과는 적혈구 세척법과 전순환-초여과법이 체외순환을 이용한 개심수술시 사이토카인 형성 억제에 효과가 있음을 구명하였다. 그러나, 상기 방법들을 임상에서 확대적용 하기 위해서는 실질적으로 임상 경과에서 얻을 수 있는 장점에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 시행되어야 하겠다.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2020

연구목적 산후우울증은 일반적으로 산모의 10~15%에서 발병하는 질환으로 그 원인으로는 정신사회적인 요인과 산과적인 요인이 모두 관계 있다고 알려져 있다. 감염, 손상, 악성종양, 자가면역질환, 스트레스에 의해 면역체계가 자극되면 proinflammatory cytokine과 anti-inflammatory cytokine이 생성되고 분비된다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 산후우울증이 있는 경우 산후우울증이 없는 군에 비해 혈중 Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), β-Nerve growth factor (β-NGF), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)의 농도가 상승되어 있을 것이라 가정하고, 임산부에서의 우울증의 경과에 따라 cytokine의 농도의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 본 연구는 총 104 명의 임산부와 60명의 임신을 하지 않은 정상 대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 우울 증상은 임신 24주, 출산 1주, 출산 6주에 에딘버러 산후 우울 척도(EPDS)를 사용하여 평가하였다. EPDS의 총 점수가 10 이상인 경우, 우울증상이 있는 것으로 판단하였으며 EPDS 점수 변화에 따라 임산부 정상대조군, 출산 후 우울-회복군, 출산 후 우울군 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 결 과 임신군과 비임신 정상대조군을 비교하였을 때 TGF-β1, IGF-1의 혈장 농도는 임신군에서 비임신 정상대조군보다 더 높았다(TGF-β1 ; p<0.01, IGF-1 ; p=0.026). 그러나 β-NGF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α는 비임신 여성대조군에 비해 임산부 정상대조군에서 그 농도가 낮게 측정되었다(β-NGF ; p=0.001, IL-2 ; p<0.01, IL-4 ; p<0.01, IL-6 ; p<0.01, IFN-γ ; p<0.01, TNF-α ; p<0.01) 임신 24주에 TGF-β1, IGF-1, β-NGF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α의 농도를 살펴보면 임산부 정상대조군, 출산 후 우울-회복군, 출산 후 우울군 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 출산 6주에도 역시 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 임신 24주, 출산 6주에 시간에 따른 농도 차이를 비교해 보았을 때 세 군에서 모두 그 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 본 연구는 비임신 정상대조군과 임신군간의 혈장 cytokine 농도에서 유의한 차이를 발견했으나 산후우울증군과 정상 임신대조군간의 혈장 cytokine 농도는 유의한 차이를 밝혀내지는 못했다.