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Association of Plasma Levels of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Cytokines with Recurrent Depression : A Preliminary Study  

Sohn, Hoyoung (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Lee, Sun-Woo (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Kim, Min-Kyoung (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Lee, Kang Soo (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Lee, Sang-Hyuk (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Kwon, Min-Soo (Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University)
Kim, Borah (Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry / v.24, no.1, 2017 , pp. 39-44 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and plasma levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), have previously been determined to be associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of plasma levels of ACE and cytokines with recurrent depression. Methods A total of 52 participants (14 male, 38 female, aged $43.9{\pm}14.0years$) were enrolled after being diagnosed with depression by experienced psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center. The participants completed blood sampling, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Results ACE plasma levels are higher in patients with recurrent depression ($27.4{\pm}10.4U/L$) than in patients with newly diagnosed depression ($19.1{\pm}7.7U/L$) (p = 0.004). The levels of cytokines, such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, are not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, the ACE plasma level is negatively correlated with a reduction in the HAMD over six weeks (r = -0.429, p = 0.046, n = 22). Conclusions The current findings show that plasma ACE levels may be associated with recurrent depression and further suggest that the renin-angiotensin system could play a role in recurrent depression.
Keywords
Depressive disorder; Angiotensin-converting enzyme; Inflammation; Interleukins;
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