• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2003

The study was conducted to determine the cultural conditions and the effect of inert fillers for melanization and sporulation abilities of sodium alginate pellets, and the weeding efficacy of the formula in the field. Melanin production of E. nematosporus was affected by striking frequency. Percentage of melanized beads was increased to 80.6% at higher rpm up to 180. The melanized pellets produced more conidia with abundant mucilage than unmelanized pellets. Shaker culture of Epicoccosorus nematosporus with sodium alginate yielded a total of 55 mg per 100 pellets. Percentage of melanized pellets was highest with 81.0% and 83.3% of melanization, when wheat bran and rice polish were amended and produced the conidia with 65.4 and 68.4 mg per 100 pellets, respectively. When 1 L of conidial suspension of 6.0$\times$$10^5$ conidia per ml was applied on 30-day-old plants in a plot, 74.5% of the plants were killed within 20 days, whereas, its melanized sodium alginate pellets killed 57.8% of the plants in the same period. The number of tuber formation of Eleocharis kuroguwai in the untreated control plots was 128.5 per plot, but those of the plots treated with conidial suspension and melanized pellets were 22.1 and 39.7, respectively, at the end of the season. Results of this study showed that melanization of mycelia-mixed sodium alginate are an important sporulation factor in E. namatosporus as a mycoherbicide.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2013

Transgenic plant cell cultures are an attractive expression system for the production of industrial and pharmaceutical proteins because of their advantages in safety and low production cost. Human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) was produced and secreted when sugar was depleted in culture medium by transgenic rice cell lines (Oryza sativa L.) using RAmy3D promoter. Due to the production of the target protein by sugar depletion, concomitant occurrence of cell death is inevitable. For that reason, inhibition of cell death for enhancing productivity was necessary for the production period without energy sources. Supplementation of 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside improved cell viability by 1.4-fold and maximum hCTLA4Ig production by 1.3-fold compared to those of control. Addition of 1 and 10 mM glutathione, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and nicotinamide inhibited apoptotic-like programmed cell death by decreasing the activity of reactive oxygen species. Production hCTLA4Ig was enhanced 1.4-, 1.25-, and 1.15-fold with 10 mM NAC, 1 mM NAC, and 1 mM glutathione, respectively. In addition, it was found that the supplementation of NAC enhanced the cell viability.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

Scutellaria baicalensis. G. 식물 세포의 현탁 배양에서 세포의 성장과 flavonoid glycosides 생산에 관한 구조적 성장 모텔 을 제안하였다 제안된 모델식은 현탁 배양의 형광을 측정함으 써 결정될 수 있는 세포 생존도와 세포 활동도 등플 세포의 생리학적 변수로서 고려하였다. 제안된 모델식에서는 세포의 상태에 따라 세포블 크게 생존 세포와 비생존 세포로 나누고 생존 세포를 분화 가능한 생존 세포와 비분화 생존 세포로 나누어 각 각의 모델을 구성하였다. 이 중 생존 세포 중량은 광섬유 형광 센서로 측정한 상대 형광 세가로부터 결정될 수 있었다. Flavonoid 배당체의 생산 속도는 분화 가능한 생존 세포와 바 분화 생존 세포에 의해 지배되며, 배양액의 삼투압에 의한 서l포 팽창과 세포내 생성불절의 방출은 비생존 세포에 의해 이루어진다고 가정하였다. 종속변수는 가칠농도(포도당), 세포 중량(건조 세포중량과 생체중량), 대사산물농도(flavone glycosides), 활동도와 생존도플 포함한다 Scutellaria baicalensis. G. 식물 세포 의 푹라스크 배양으로부터 모델과 실험결과가 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 제시된 모델은 세포의 성장, flavone glycosides 및 중간매개체 합성을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.11-11
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• 1999

;It has been reported that suspension-cultured rice cells grown on mixed carbon sources of glucose (GIc) and acetate exhibited diauxic growth in which acetate was the preferred carbon source (Lee and Lee, 1996). Carrot (Daucus carota L.) suspension cells, showing a diauxic growth very similar to that of rice cells, were used to delineate the mechanisms underlying this preferential use of acetate over GIc. Uptakes of both GIc and 3-0-methylglucose (3-0MG), a non-metabolizable GIc analogue, were similarly inhibited when acetate or butylate, weak acids which are capable of transporting protons into the cytosol, were present in the uptake assay mixture containing cells harvested during the GIc-utilizing second growth phase. Inhibition of GIc uptake by these weak acids was similar when equivalent experiments were carried out with isolated plasma membranes. It was further shown that Glc uptake, which requires a proper proton gradient across the plasma membranes, was inhibited during the first growth phase by acetate-mediated alkalization of growth medium and/or simultaneous acidification of cytosol. This study strongly suggests that Glc utilization in plant cells is inhibited by co-presenting carbon source(s) which can alter the proton gradient across the plasma membrane. We further examined diauxic growth in culture containing GIc and malate. Unlike the case in the culture with GIc and acetate, carrot cells used GIc first. Malate was utilized only after Glc is depleted from medium. These results indicate that GIc can be a preferred or less-preferred carbon source depending on the competing carbon source. It was noted that malate was not directly taken up by cells. Instead it was converted extracellularly into fumarate which was subsequently transported into cells. During the malate-growth phase malate uptake was negligible, and fumarate uptake was active and pH-sensitive. It was shown that fumarase released into medium was responsible for the extracellular conversion of malate into fumarate. An immunoblot experiments showed that fumarase antibody raised against Arabidopsis fumarase provided positive signals only in medium in malate culture, not in fumarate or GIc cultures. This study demonstrates the first example in that fumarase, a mitochondria marker enzyme, can be present in places other than mitochondria.ndria.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Eurycoma longifolia is an important rare medicinal plant that contains valuable bioactive compounds. In the present study, cell suspension culture of E. longifolia was established for the production of biomass and phenolic compounds. Various medium parameters, such as concentration of auxin, salt strength of the medium, and sucrose and nitrogen concentrations, were optimized for the production of biomass at the flask-scale level. Full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0:60 $NH{_4}^+:NO{_3}^-$ was found suitable for biomass accumulation. Based on the optimized flask-scale parameters, cell suspension cultures were established in balloon-type bubble bioreactors, and bioprocess parameters such as inoculum density and aeration rate were optimized. Inoculum density of $50g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and increasing aeration rate from 0.05 to 0.3 vvm, with increases every 7 days, were suitable for the accumulation of both biomass and phenolic compounds. With the optimized conditions, $14.70g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dry biomass, $10.33mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW of phenolics and $3.89mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ DW of flavonoids could be achieved. Phenolics isolated from the cell biomass showed optimal free radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.304-311
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• 2018

Background: Ginseng black spot disease resulting from Alternaria panax Whuetz is a common soil-borne disease, with an annual incidence rate higher than 20-30%. In this study, the bacterial strains with good antagonistic effect against A. panax are screened. Methods: A total of 285 bacterial strains isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soils were screened using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the Oxford cup plate assay. We analyzed the antifungal spectrum of SZ-22 by confronting incubation. To evaluate the efficacy of biocontrol against ginseng black spot and for growth promotion by SZ-22, we performed pot experiments in a plastic greenhouse. Taxonomic position of SZ-22 was identified using morphology, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, 16S ribosomal DNA, and gyrB sequences. Results: SZ-22 (which was identified as Brevundimonas terrae) showed the strongest inhibition rate against A. panax, which showed 83.70% inhibition, and it also provided broad-spectrum antifungal effects. The inhibition efficacies of the SZ-22 bacterial suspension against ginseng black spot reached 82.47% inhibition, which is significantly higher than that of the 25% suspension concentrate azoxystrobin fungicide treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the SZ-22 bacterial suspension also caused ginseng plant growth promotion as well as root enhancement. Conclusion: Although the results of the outdoor pot-culture method were influenced by the pathogen inoculum density, the cropping history of the field site, and the weather conditions, B. terrae SZ-22 controlled ginseng black spot and promoted ginseng growth successfully. This study provides resource for the biocontrol of ginseng black spot.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

담배 (Nicotiana tabacum cv. BY4)의 이배체 식물과 약배양으로부터 유도된 반수체 식물의 잎절편을 사용하여 0.5mg/L 2.4-D 단독처리구에서 캘러스를 유도한 후, 2.0 mg/L 2.4-D, 1.0 mg/L Kinetin 및 0.1 mg/L BAP를 조합처리하여 계대배양을 하였다. 이배체에서는 2.0 mg/L 2.4-D와 1.0 mg/L 카이네틴의 조합처리구에서, 반수체는 2.0 mg/L2.4-D 와 0.1 mg/L BAP 조합처리구에서 세포증식이 양호하였으므로, 현탁배양도 동일조건에서 실시하였다. 세포괴를 균일하게 한 현탁배양세포를 p-Fluorophenylalanine (PFP)이 5~100 $\mu$M의 농도로 단독처리한 배지상에 2.0 mL씩 평판배양하여, 10, 20, 30일 후 PFP의 처리에 대한 저항성 colony를 조사하였다. 배양 30일 후 세포주의 생중량을 측정한 결과 PFP의 농도가 높아질수록 감소하였다. 선발된 캘러스는 이배체서 peroxidase의 활성도가 5 $\mu$M PFP 처리시에 가장 높았는데 100 $\mu$M PFP 처리까지는 대조구보다는 높았다. Catalase의 활성도는 5 $\mu$M PFP 처리시 가장 높았으나 100 $\mu$M PFP 처리시 가장 낮았다. 한편 반수체에서는 peroxidase와 catalase의 활성도는 50 $\mu$M PFP 처리시 가장 높게 나타나서 이배체와 반수체 사이에 효소활성의 차이는 뚜렷했다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2005

참돌꽃 (Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor) 현탁배양에서 salidroside 생산성을 개선하고자 auxin인 NAA와 cytokinin인 BA와 kinetin, 그 외에 $GA_3$, TDZ, zeatin, spermine과spermidine을 조합하여 조사하였다. NAA/BA 조합은 NAA/kinetin조합과 비교했을 때 생장과 salidroside 함량이 증가하였다. Salidroside 함량의 증가에 의한 생산성 ($64.6{\pm}8.9$ mg/L medium)은 1 mg/L. NAA와 5 mg/L BA가 첨가된 $2B_5$ 배지에서 높게 나타났으며, 최대 salidroside 의 생산성은 1 mg/L NAA, 5 mg/L BA와 1 mg/L $GA_3$이 첨가된$2B_5$ 배지에서 $90.3{\pm}8.34$ mg/L로 나타났다. 그 밖의 TDZ. zeatin, spermine과 spermidine 처리에서는 생산성에 있어서 증가를 보이지 않았으며, spermidine의 경우에 약간의 유의적인 생산성 증가를 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.542-548
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• 2017

8종의 잿빛곰팡이병 균주를 순무잎에 접종하여 병반의 크기를 확인한 결과 가장 강한 감염력을 보인 '포도-01' 균주와 병반의 확산이 가장 적은 '오랜지'를 선발하였다. 순무잎이 저항성을 보인 '오랜지'균주를 처리한 잎이 감수성을 보인 '포도-01'균주를 처리한 잎보다 indole-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate (I3M-GLS) 함량이 무처리 보다 2.5배 이상 높았으나 '포도-01' 균주를 처리한 잎에서는 무처리 보다 낮은 함량을 보였다. 균주의 메탄올 추출액과 물추출물을 식물배양세포에 처리한 결과 '오랜지'균주의 추출물이 '포도-01' 균주의 추출물보다 배양세포의 생장을 더 강하게 억제 한 것으로 나타났는데 '오랜지' 균주의 메타놀 및 물 추출물 처리에서 배양세포의 활력은 각각 22.7% 및 16.5% 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 '오랜지'균주 추출물을 처리한 배양세포에서 I3M-GLS의 생합성이 '포도-01' 균주 추출물보다 현저히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과로 보아 식물체내에 생합성되는 I3M-GLS 함량은 잿빛곰팡이균에 대한 식물세포의 저항성과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.317-320
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• 2000

유전자 재조합된 Nicotiana tabacum을 이용하여 동결 보존 후의 세포 생장을 관찰하였다. 형질 전환된 Nicotiana tabacum의 동결 보존에서 회복배지에 계면 활성제와 산소 전달 물질을 첨가한 경우 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비해 세포 생장을 증대 시켰고 산소 전달 물질 보다 계면활성제의 영향이 크다는 결과를 관찰하였다.