• Title/Summary/Keyword: plant roots

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Gibberellins-Producing Rhizobacteria Increase Endogenous Gibberellins Content and Promote Growth of Red Peppers

  • Joo Gil-Jae;Kim Young-Mog;Kim Jung-Tae;Rhee In-Koo;Kim Jin-Ho;Lee In-Jung
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.510-515
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    • 2005
  • The growth of red pepper plants was enhanced by treatment with the rhizobacterium, Bacillus cereus MJ-1. Red pepper shoots showed a 1.38-fold increase in fresh weight (fw) and roots showed a 1.28-fold fw gain. This plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) has been reported to produce gibberellins (GAs). Other GAs-producing rhizobacteria, Bacillus macroides CJ-29 and Bacillus pumilus CJ-69, also enhanced the fw of the plants. They were less effective than B. cereus MJ-1, though. The endogenous GAs content of pepper shoots inoculated with MJ-1 was also higher than in shoots inoculated with CJ-29 or CJ-69. When inoculated with MJ-1, bacterial colonization rate of the roots was higher than that of roots inoculated with CJ-29 or CJ-69. These results support the idea that the plant growth-promoting effect of the bacteria also positively related with the efficiency of root colonization by the bacteria. In addition, we identified the major endogenous GAs of the red pepper as originating from both the early C-13 hydroxylation and the early non C-13 hydroxylation pathways, with the latter being the predominant pathway of GA biosynthesis in red pepper shoots.

Overproduction of anthocyanin in ginseng hairy roots enhances their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-elastase activities

  • Jin, Sora;Bang, Seounggun;Ahn, Min-A;Lee, Kyubin;Kim, Kyunghwan;Hyun, Tae Kyung
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.100-105
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    • 2021
  • Genetic engineering is a potential approach to improve secondary metabolism in plants. In order to elucidate the effect of production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1) overexpression on the bioactivity of ginseng, we analyzed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-elastase activities in this study. Our results showed that PAP1 overexpression increased the production of polyphenolic compounds including anthocyanins. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-elastase activities were stronger in anthocyanin-overproducing ginseng hairy roots (AOX) than in wild ginseng hairy roots. Using a different solvent system (0, 30, 70, and 100% (v/v) EtOH), we revealed that variations in the contents of the polyphenolic compounds were highly correlated with changes in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of AOX. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-elastase effects of AOX highlight genetic engineering as a powerful approach to enhance the therapeutic properties of plants. Our results show that AOX could potentially have various functional applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Growth and Ingredient Contents of Platycodon grandiflorum Roots under Sensor-based Soil Moisture Contents of Farmland Conditions

  • Eon-Yak Kim;Ye-Jin Lee;Hye-Min Son;Young-Beob Yu;Chang-Hyu Bae
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.762-769
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    • 2022
  • Growth characters and ingredient contents of two-year-old bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum) roots were investigated under both control and soil moisture treatment condition using soil moisture control system including soil sensing and automatic water supply chain in this study. Root diameter, fine root number, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of the plant were significantly influenced by the automatic water treatment, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, respectively. Ingredient contents of the two-year-old roots in bellflower plants were detected in the 20% and 50% of controlled soil moisture content. Contents of amino acids were decreased by the soil moisture treatment, meanwhile, contents of minerals were not showed significant decrease except for phosphorus content. Showing no difference in proline and tyrosine, fourteen of the amino acid contents were gradually decreased by the increased soil moisture contents, with significant decrease in serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, lysine and histidine at 20% treatment.

Accumulation and distribution of nutrients, radionuclides and metals by roots, stems and leaves of plants

  • Huynh Truc Phuong;Vu Ngoc Ba;Bui Ngoc Thien;Loan Truong Thi Hong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.7
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    • pp.2650-2655
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    • 2023
  • In the process of growth and development, plants not only absorb essential nutritional elements, but also absorb radioactive and non-essential elements from the environment, and their distribution varies in different parts of the plant. In this study, neutron activation analysis and gamma spectrometry were performed on stems, roots, and leaves of vegetables. The results indicate that the accumulation of radionuclides and multi-elements depends on the plant type and plant parts. Activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in plants were accumulated in the following order: Roots > Stems > Leaves. The highest concentrations of 40K and 210Pb were observed in the stems and leaves of plants, respectively. Essential nutrient requirements of plants are in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn. Among the nonessential metals, the concentration of Na in the vegetable sample was much greater than those of the other elements. The K/Na ratio in the plant depends on the type of plant and the translocation within the plant.

First Report of Sclerotinia White Rot Caused by Sclerotinia nivalis on Panax ginseng in Korea

  • Cho, Hye Sun;Shin, Jeong-Sup;Kim, Jae-Hyun;Hong, Tae-Kyun;Cho, Dae-Hui;Kang, Je Yong
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2013
  • Sclerotinia white rot disease was observed on 5 and 6-year-old ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots in Hongchun, Cheorwon, and Yanggu, Gangwon Province, Korea from 2006 to 2010. Symptoms included a brownish watery soft rot of the roots, and black sclerotia were often found on the rotten roots. The causal agent of the disease was identified as Sclerotinia nivalis based on cultural characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and ${\beta}$-tubulin gene with 100% sequence similarity. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 2-year-old ginseng roots with mycelium plugs without wounds. A watery soft rot of the roots and black sclerotia were observed 10 days after inoculation. These symptoms were identical to those observed on naturally infected roots. The same fungus was re-isolated from the lesions induced by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of sclerotinia white rot caused by S. nivalis on P. ginseng in Korea.

Growth Response to Acid Rain, Mg Deficiency and Al Surplus, and Amelioration of Al Toxicity by Humic Substances in Pitch Pine Seedlings

  • Joon-Ho Kim
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 1994
  • The individual and combined effects of acidic rain, Mg deficiency (-Mg) and Al surplus (+Al) on the growth of shoots and roots of pitch pine seedlings and the effect of humic substances (Lit) on Al toxicity were investigated. The growth of height and dry matter were not significantly less for pitch pine seedlings sprayed with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 than for those sprayed with SAR of pH 5.6. But treatments of Al and +Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the growth of seedlings in terms of height of shoots, and dry matter of shoots or roots. Effect of Mg deficiency on the growth of seedlings was apparent only when Al was treated simutaneously. The growth of seedlings, regardless of rain pH, decreased in the following order: control=-Mg>Lit+Al>+Al>+Al-Mg. Treatments of Al and +Al-Mg in soil solution reduced the total length of secondary and teritary roots of seedlings regardless of rain pH, and decreased in the following order: the primary root

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Increase of Ginsenosides Production by the Treatment of Chitosan and Jasmonic Acid in the Adventitious Roots of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) (Chitosan과 Jasmonic acid 처리에 의한 인삼 부정근의 Ginsenosides의 생산성 증대)

  • 이범수;인준교;송원섭;양덕춘
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2004
  • In order to investigate the effects of elicitors on the growth and ginsenosides biosynthesis of ginseng adventitious roots, chitosan and jasmonic acid were treated with various concentrations. The growth rate of adventitious roots was increased with the addition of chitosan at higher concentrations (10 mg/L), but the best accumulation of ginsenosides was observed at the lower concentration (5 mg/L). Jasmonic acid was an effective elicitor for ginsenosides biosynthesis in ginseng adventitious roots. The maximum accumulation of ginsenosides was observed at the treatment of 10 uM jasmonic acid. But the jasmonic acid was found to decrease the growth rate of adventitious roots.

Adaptive Estimation of Hairy Root Mass Using Conductometry

  • Kim, Ji-Hyeon;Yoo, Young-Je
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.641-646
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    • 2003
  • An accurate and efficient method for measuring the mass of hairy roots using conductometry is established. A conductivity equation expressed in terms of the concentration of the ion species in the medium is suggested. By using this equation, the effect of the individual ions on the total conductivity can be quantitatively analyzed. An equation for the in situ estimation of the cell growth coefficient for determining the mass of hairy roots is established based on measurements of the nitrogen concentration and conductivity during cultivation. The proposed equation does not require preliminary experiments to determine the cell growth coefficient. Instead, the physiological characteristics of the plant species are reflected by introducing the cellular nitrogen content. Since the cell growth coefficient is determined by measuring the major ionic nutrient concentrations, it is more effective to express the dynamics of an actual culture system. This improved method for determining the mass of hairy roots was successfully utilized in a fed-batch culture system.

Determination Times for Induction of Adventitious Shoots, Roots, Trichomes, and Calli from Segments of Arabidopsis thaliana by NAA and BA (애기장대(Arabidopsis thaliana)잎 절편에서 NAA와 BA에 의한 신초, 부정근, 모용 및 캘러스 형성 결정 시기)

  • Kim, Song-Lim;Han, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.161-165
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    • 2003
  • The effect of NAA and Benzyladenine(BA) for determination times on the formation of adventitious shoots, roots trichmoes and calli in MS basal medium was investigated in leaf segments from ecotype 'Nosses' of Arabidopsis thalliana. Adventitious shoots, roots, trichomes and calli were formed fromed from leaf segments in a wede range of NAA and BA. The optimal combination of hormones for adventitious shoots formation, 20mg/L NAA for trichome formation, 100mg/L for callus formation. Inductive times for formation of adventitious shoots, roots, trichomes and calli were determined at 14, 4, 6 and 18 days respectively by periodical transfer of leaf segments from hormines containing media to hormone free medium.

Effects of Phytohormone on the Root Formation of Stem Cuttings in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (묘삼경의 근형성에 미치는 식물 생장 조절물질의 영향)

  • 최광태;양덕춘;양덕조
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.42-53
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    • 1985
  • This study was carried out to obtain the basic information about the large scale propagation of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Therefore, the stem cuttings of 1-year old ginseng, treated with various concentrations of plant growth regulators for 5 seconds (quick dipping) and 24 hours (prolonged soaking), were cultured. The root formation of stem cuttings was varied with the concentrations, kinds, and treatment methods of plant growth regulators. Besides normal-looking roots various malformed roots were observed. In the prolonged soaking method, the culture of stem cuttings, treated with 10 ppm of IBA or NAA, resulted in profuse root regeneration. And stem cuttings, in quick dipping method, treated with 2000 ppm of IBA or NAA resulted in more excellent root regeneration. In general, IBA was more vigorous for the root formation than NAA, The treatment with 50 ppm kinetin or 100 ppm BA brought good result for the retardation of senescence of stem cuttings and BA treatment was more effective than kinetin. As for the saponin content of roots derived from stem cutting culture, the roots, formed by non-treatment of growth regulators, were higher in saponin content than those formed by treatment of growth regulators.

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