• Mycobiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.104-106
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• 2001

Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan was recorded on seeds of sickle senna(Cassia tora L.). Seed infection ranged from $25{\sim}45%$ in two samples. Developing roots and shoots turn brown and died in case of severe infection. Detailed descriptions were given on the habit characters of the fungus and on the morphology of conidiophores and condia. This is the first report of A. cassiae on seeds of Cassia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cold plasma treatment on the improvement of seed germination and surface sterilization of ginseng seeds. Methods: Dehisced ginseng (Panax ginseng) seeds were exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma operated in argon (Ar) or an argon/oxygen mixture (Ar/O₂), and the resulting germination and surface sterilization were compared with those of an untreated control group. Bacterial and fungal detection assays were performed for plasma-treated ginseng seeds after serial dilution of surface-washed suspensions. The microbial colonies (fungi and bacteria) were classified according to their phenotypical morphologies and identified by molecular analysis. Furthermore, the effect of cold plasma treatment on the in vitro antifungal activity and suppression of Cylindrocarpon destructans in 4-year-old ginseng root discs was investigated. Results: Seeds treated with plasma in Ar or Ar/O₂ exhibited a higher germination rate (%) compared with the untreated controls. Furthermore, the plasma treatment exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal effects on the seed surface, and the latter effect was stronger than the former. In addition, plasma treatment exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans and reduced the disease severity (%) of root rot in 4-year-old ginseng root discs. The results demonstrate the stimulatory effect of plasma treatment on seed germination, surface sterilization, and root rot disease suppression in ginseng. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the cold plasma treatment can suppress the microbial community on the seed surface root rot in ginseng.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2012

This study evaluated the germination rate of $Rheum$ $palmatum$ L. in Korea as affected by storage temperature, germination temperature, and a soaking treatment. The germination rate of $R.$ $palmatum$ L. stored at various conditions for 8 weeks was > 60%. The highest germination rate occurred at $25^{\circ}C$. The germination point of $R.$ $palmatum$ L. with soaking was started 1 day after application, and non soaked seeds germinated in 2 days. When $R.$ $palmatum$ L. was soaked with water, the germination rate was lower, but mean germination velocity was the highest. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for seeds treated under different germination conditions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2018

Silymarin is the standardized extract from Silybum marianum which consists mainly of flavonoids and polyphenols. It is highly regarded for its hepatoprotective ability. Silybin B is a flavonolignan and one of the active components of silymarin. The content of silybin B in various parts of S. marianum was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Results show that the extract of seeds contain the highest amount of silybin B (7.434 mg/g DW). The petioles of S. marianum showed a low content of silybin B. This study revealed that seeds of S. marianum contain high amount of silybin B and could be a good source of the compound.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2004

This study aimed to develop a seeder for sowing large seeds such as those of fruit vegetables used as rootstocks in grafting. It investigated how the nozzle diameter and the nozzle's vacuum pressure affected the seeding performance. This study found that a nozzle diameter of 1.5 mm was capable of sowing most of the seed sizes used in this study. The highest seeding rates for 'Chambak', 'Tuktozwa', and 'Hukjong' were $97.6\%$, $98.8\%$, and $97.6\%$, respectively. Lineup status after sowing was good. The working performance was 75.6 sheets/hr. An average seeding rate of 1 grain was $97.8\%$.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

conditions for callus induction and plant regeneratin from seeds of lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were confirmed in this study. MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium containg 2,4-D 3 or 5mg/l was used for callus induction, and MS medium with different volumes of BA, NAA and kinetin hormones was used to regenerate the plants from induced calli. MS basic medium containing agar with no hormones or kinetin 1.0mg/l and MS basic medium containing gelite and NAA 1.0mg/l were higher for green callus induction. MS medium containing agar and kinetin 1.0mg/l ws highest degree of efficiency for plant regeneration.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop effective production system in greenhouse for leaves and stems of Angelica acutiloba by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Germination rate of Angelica acutiloba seeds collected in 2003 was $13\%$, while germination rate of seeds Collected in 2004 was above $91\%$. Seed germination rate and plant biomass of Angelica acutiloba collected in 2004 were higher than seed gathering in 2003. Especially, plant growth and yield of Angelica acutiloba grown in pot(The pots was filled with soil mixtures of Sta-Green and Peat Moss mixed with 45:55 ratio.) was the highest. These results indicate that leaf and stem production of Angelica acutiloba can be improved by fertilizing of Sta-Green in pots and optimizing seed collecting time in greenhouse.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C₃L₁), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C₂L₁), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C₁L₁) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M₃L₁), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M₂L₁), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M₁L₁) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C₃L₁ experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C₃L₁ experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2001년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.74-76
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• 2001