• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2020

In this study, we aimed to study carnation italian ringspot virus (CIRV) in Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. in Bonghwa County, Korea. The collected samples showed mosaic and malformation symptoms. To identify the virus species, we performed high-throughput sequencing, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and cloning. The virus was confirmed to be an unreported species, and therefore we performed genome sequencing of the samples. The complete genome was 4,746 nucleotides in length. The CIRV contained five open reading frames (ORFs), and it showed the typical features of members of the genus Tombusvirus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that ClRV isolates had the highest nucleotide identities with the CZ isolate (95.89%) from Korea. In recent years, these viruses have sporadically been reported in floral scent and medicinal plants. This research found the first natural host infected with CIRV, and provides baseline information to determine the correlation between weeds and crops.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2013

Oreorchis coreana Finet is threatened globally by over-collection from its natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Its rarity in nature makes this plant one of the most endangered species in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on orchid seed viability and seed germination. An in vitro bioassay swelling test using immature seeds was compared with a standard chemical procedure using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test seed viability. In general, the bioassay was more appropriate for estimating embryo viability after a prolonged pre-treatment (more than 1 h) in 1% NaOCl, a surface sterilant often used to enhance germination of seeds of terrestrial plants. Therefore, an efficient method for investigating in vitro swelling of immature seeds is urgently needed. We established a method for determining the viability and swelling of O. coreana seeds via in vitro examination of immature seeds. Treatment of immature seeds with 1% NaOCl for 10 min greatly enhanced the extent of swelling of immature zygote embryos when compared to untreated seeds. These data obtained here appear to be comparable to viability and swelling that occurs in O. coreana seeds via asymbiotic germination.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

In this study we established reliable methods for conservation of seeds of Phaius tankervilleae as an orchid genetic resource. The seeds, which were dehydrated to 5% water content and preserved at $4^{\circ}C$, showed no decrease in viability and germinability after three months. After storage for six months, however, the seeds showed a drastic decrease in germinability, even though survival rate was high. For long-term preservation of seeds of P. tankervilleae, cryopreservation is applied to the freshly harvested seeds. When the seeds were cryopreserved by the vitrification method for up to 12 months there was no apparent deterioration effect of storage time. These results indicate that cryopreservation by the vitrification method is useful for long-term conservation of P. tankervilleae seeds, which are difficult to preserve for more than three months under dry and low-temperature conditions.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological characteristics of the plants and seeds of Ainsliaea acerifolia and to determine the optimum condition for producing sprouts from the seeds. Plant height, flower stalk length, and pod number were higher in natural habitat than in campus farm. Average 1.2 seeds per pod was set but only 0 to 2 seeds per plant was set in plants with the enveloped flower stalks, indicating that this is an outcrossing species. Most of seeds were 9-11mm long and 1.1-1.4mm wide. Fresh weight of seeds was ranged from 10mg to 17mg. Seeds germinated well at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$. Mean germination period was 11.5 day at 15 to $25^{\circ}C$. Sprouts grown at 15$^{\circ}C$ was longest(5.4cm) and heaviest(738mg/10 sprouts). Chlorophyll content was 333mg per fresh weight 110g. Protein, Fe, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were respectively 23.7mg, 6.4mg, 1.82mg, 0.49mg, and 10..7mg.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2009

The halophyte Leymus chinensis (Trin.) is a perennial rhizome grass (tribe Gramineae) that is widely distributed throughout China, Mongolia and Siberia. This study was conducted to investigate an optimal condition for plant regeneration from mature seeds, leaf base segments, and root segments in L. chinensis. Plant growth regulators affecting embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration were investigated by four-factor-three-level [L9 (34)] orthogonal test in this study. The effects of explants types (mature seeds, leaf base segments and root segments), callus types, medium types were examined in this study. Wild type (WT) and Jisheng No. 1 plants (JS) were used for primary callus induction. A clear explants difference was seen during callus induction; mature seeds were considered as the preferred explants; and the highest frequency of callus induction was obtained in Medium 6 using mature seeds as explants in WT. Plant regeneration ability was evaluated by frequencies of green callus forming, shooting, rooting, and shooting with roots. Effect of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on shoot regeneration was remarkable with the highest frequency of 70.8% in WT after 2-month culture. The medium with 0.2- 0.5 mg/L NAA was found to have the highest shoot induction. All regenerated shoots were successfully rooted when transferred on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. The acclimatized plantlets were grown to mature with flowering and seeds setting in green house conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.543-549
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• 2021

Approximately 10% of all angiosperms belong to the Asteraceae family. Plant species belonging to this family have traditionally been used as medicinal plants in the Korean Peninsula. We investigated the antioxidant activity of seed extracts from 14 species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Seeds with ≥ 90% percentage of filled seed and ≥ 50% final germination were used. The total phenolic content was the highest in Dendranthema zawadskii var. tenuisectum (13.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/g seeds), followed by Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (11.8 mg of GAEs/g seeds), and Callistephus chinensis (11.0 mg of GAEs/g seeds). The total flavonoid content was highest in C. chinensis (9.8 mg of quercetin equivalents (QEs)/g seeds), followed by D. zawadskii var. tenuisectum (7.2 mg of QEs/g seeds) and Taraxacum officinale (6.3 mg of QEs/g seeds). Our results showed that 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity was highest in D. zawadskii var. tenuisectum (57.4 ㎍/ml), followed by T. officinale (59.1 ㎍/ml) and D. zawadskii var. latilobum (65.0 ㎍/ml), with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of DPPH scavenging activity. Furthermore, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was highest in C. chinensis (26.2 ㎍/ml), followed by D. zawadskii var. tenuisectum (38.4 ㎍/ml), T. officinale (40.2 ㎍/ml), with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of ABTS scavenging activity. Based on a cluster analysis according to the antioxidant activity, the 14 species were classified into five groups, with group 4 having the highest antioxidant activity and group 0 having the lowest antioxidant activity. D. zawadskii var. latilobum, D. zawadskii var. tenuisectum, T. officinale, and C. chinensis belonging to groups 3 and 4, exhibited high phenolic content and antioxidant activity and can be considered potent plant-derived natural antioxidants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.91.1-91
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• 2003

Bakanae disease, caused by Gibberella fujikuroi (anamorph Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheldon), a typical seed-borne disease of rice occurs from nursery to paddy fields. Consequently, chemical seed disinfectants is the most efficient control method. Several seed treatment methods with various fungicides were attempted to inhibit disease. Spray and 24 hrs immersion of seeds using prochloraz emulsion reduced disease infection and the control value were 99.3 and 100％, respectively. In contrast, dressing to wet seeds thiophanate-methyl＋thiram wp and benomyl＋thiram wp reduced disease infection more effectively than 24 hrs immersion of seeds. However, dressing of carpropamid+imidacloprid＋fludioxonil wp to wet seeds did not reduced disease as well as wettable liquid of fludioxonil. The results suggest that the bakanae disease might be disinfected effectively by 24 hrs immersion of seeds in prochloraz emulsion and seed dressing of fungicides.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.256-263
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• 2020

Background: Ambrosia trifida is a highly invasive annual plant, but effective control methods have not been proposed. Among various eradication methods, cutting is a simple measure to control invasive plants, and sowing seeds of native plants may effectively increase biotic resistance to invasion. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with two treatments: cutting and sowing seeds of six native or naturalized plants. Results: We found a significantly lower A. trifida abundance after cutting than in the control (77% decrease). Sowing seeds of native species did not provide any additional benefit for the control of A. trifida, but increased the importance values and diversity of other native vegetation. The abundance of A. trifida was negatively correlated with that of other plant taxa based on plant cover, biomass, and density. However, biotic resistance of sown plants was not effective to control invasion because A. trifida was so competitive. Conclusions: We concluded that cutting is an effective measure to control Ambrosia trifida while sowing seeds of native plants can increase native plant diversity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.148-151
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• 2003

Seeds of broomrape (Orobanche cernua) were exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl solutions during their preconditioning period (14 days of moisture) under laboratory conditions and induced to germinate by synthetic germination stimulant (GR24). There was significant reduction in seed germination with increased salt concentration as shown in 35.2, 32.5, 23.6, 14.3, and 9.2% germination, respectively. Exposure of Orobanche cernua seeds to 0.0, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 M levels of NaCl for 9 hours resulted in 29.4, 21.3, 20.5, and 17.4% germination, respectively. Water preconditioned seeds showed Heavier protein profile bands of 6.5-14.2 KDa than those of dry seeds. Seeds treated with 0.75 M NaCl showed profile similar with that of water preconditioned ones, plus an extra band at 29-36 KDa. The protein profiles of 1.0 and 1.5 M NaCl treated seeds showed weaker bands with the absence of 29-36 KDa band.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2020

Diospyros mespiliformis is a highly valued and threatened tree species within the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Africa, but its seed germination requirements under cultivation are not well researched. In a first experiment which aimed at determining germination response of seeds to dehydration, fresh seeds were dried at room temperature for 26 days during which their moisture content, their germinability, and their viability were monitored at two-day intervals. In the second experiment, 14 pre-germination treatments were tested for their effect on the germination of dried seeds. Results showed that fresh seeds had 52.7% moisture and achieved 97.7% germination. As seeds were dried, percentage germination gradually decreased with decreasing moisture content and reached 0% when moisture content had dropped to 18%. Meanwhile, seed viability remained at 100% over drying duration. Seeds that were not germinated after air dry also recorded 100% viability. The most effective treatment for inducing germination of dried seeds was scarification using 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min which resulted in 96.6% germination. This study reports for the first time in D. mespiliformis seeds a desiccation-induced dormancy which can be efficiently alleviated by acid scarification. This study provides useful information that will contribute to efficient management of D. mespiliformis seed resources for propagation.