• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2018

Ice-binding proteins have an affinity for ice. They create a gap between the melting and freezing points by inhibiting the growth of ice, known as thermal hysteresis (TH). Interestingly, moderately active LeIBP and hyperactive FfIBP are almost identical in primary and tertiary structures, but differ in TH activity. The TH of FfIBP is tenfold higher than that of LeIBP, due to a subtle difference in their ice-binding motifs. To further evaluate the difference in TH, the interactions were investigated by ice-etching and molecular docking. Ice-etching showed that FfIBP binds to the primary and secondary prism, pyramidal, and basal planes; previously, LeIBP was found to bind to the basal and primary prism planes. Docking analysis using shape complementarity (Sc) showed that the hyperactive FfIBP had higher Sc values for all four ice planes than LeIBP, which is comparable with TH. Docking can be used to describe the hyperactivity of IBPs.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

Studies on the principle of traditional moulding techniques of architecture or structure are very important in the point of the work could accomplish succession to modern design. As an attempt of these work, this study tried to examine traditional moulding techniques applied in planes of ancient architecture and structure closely. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows; It was verified that planes of ancient Korean architectures and structures analyzed in this study was moulded by its multiple partitions with the six or eight partitions of circumference as the fundamental form. The well unearthed in kyong-bok palace recently was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 4 circle which was extended with equal interval and divided into multiple of 8 partition of circumference. Chon-duk-jung in chang-duk palace also was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 3 circle extended with equal interval, but circle were divide by 6 partitions. It was also found that 6$^{\circ}$§8 partitions of circumference(or its multiple partition) was applied to not only above structures but also the moulding planes of ancient architecture, and as a results, figures revealed in architectures analyzed is classified into three classes. And, this study analyzed arrangements of two temples. As a results, it is discovered that the Grid used in moulding planes of each building fixed the arrangement of buildings. Therefore, moulding by equal partition of circumference decided the form of each building and the relation of element at the same time.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.726-731
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• 2011

The present work shows how the flexural displacement-induced fracture strength of silicon devices, whose back surfaces have wafer grinding-induced scratch marks, depends on the crystallographic orientation. Experimental results indicate that silicon devices with scratch marks parallel to their lateral direction (i.e. reference axis in this work) are very susceptible to flexural fracture, as compared to devices with marks which deviated from the direction. The 3-point bending test shows that the fracture strength of silicon devices having marks which are oriented away from the reference axis is 2.6 times higher than that of devices with marks parallel to the axis. It was particularly interesting to see that silicon devices with identical preferred marks even reveal different fracture strengths, depending on whether the marks are involved in specific crystal planes such as {111} or {011}, called cleavage planes. This work demonstrates that silicon devices with the reference axis-aligned scratch marks not existing on such cleavage planes can have higher fracture strength approximately 20% higher than those existing on the planes.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.888-892
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• 1992

The chemically induced grain-boundary migration has been studied in MgAl2O4 spinel under ZnO atmosphere. MgAl2O4 compacts been prepared by sintering powder mixture of Al2O3 and MgO at 1$600^{\circ}C$ for 60 h in air. The sintered MgAl2O4 has been heat-treated at 150$0^{\circ}C$ in a ZnO atmosphere. During the heat-treatment grain boundaries have become curved or faceted, and the total area of grain boundaries have increased. In the migrated region, the ZnO content is higher by 6 wt% than that in other regions, indicating that the migration was induced by addition of ZnO. In some shrinking grains, the faceted planes of different grain boundaries for the same grain are parallel to each other. This result provide an experimental support for the coherency strain energy in diffusion layer of the shrinking grain as being the major driving force. Calculated coherency strain energy of MgAl2O4 shows the maximum at {111} planes and the minimum at {100} planes. Although the minimum surface energy is at {111} planes, the faceted moving boundaries are expected to be {100} planes because of lowest driving force for the grain-boundary migration.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.130-131
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• 2013

Nanostructured oxides are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis where their catalytic properties are closely associated with the size and morphology at nanometer level. The effect of particle size has been well decumented in the past two decades, but the shape of the nanoparticles has rarely been concerned. Here we illustrate that the redox and acidic-basic properties of oxides are largely dependent on their shapes by taking $Co_3O_4$, $Fe_2O_3$, $CeO_2$ and $La_2O_3$ nanorods as typical examples. The catalytic activities of these rod-shaped oxides are mainly governed by the nature of the exposed crystal planes. For instance, the predominant presence of {110} planes which are rich in active $Co^{3+}$ on $Co_3O_4$ nanorods led to a much higher activity for CO oxidation than the nanoparticles that mainly exposed the {111} planes. The simultaneous exposure of iron and oxygen ions on the surface of $Fe_2O_3$ nanorods have significantly enhanced the adsorption and activation of NO and thereby promoted the efficiency of DeNOx process. Moreover, the exposed surface planes of these rod-shaped oxides mediated the reaction performance of the integrated metal-oxide catalysts. Au/$CeO_2$ catalysts exhibited outstanding stability under water-gas shift conditions owing to the strong bonding of gold particle on the $CeO_2$ nanorods where the formed gold-ceria interface was resistant towards sintering. Cu nanoparticles dispersed on $La_2O_3$ nanorods efficiently catalyzed transfer dehydrogenation of primary aliphatic alcohols based on the uniue role of the exposed {110} planes on the support. Morphology control at nanometer level allows preferential exposure of the catalytically active sites, providing a new stragegy for the design of highly efficient nanostructured catalysts.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.443-450
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• 2000

In this study a numerical method for soil-pile interaction analysis buried in multi-layered half planes is presented in frequency domain using FE-BE coupling. The total soil-pile interaction system is divided into two parts so called far field and near field beam elements are used for modeling a pile and coupled with plain strain elements for soil modeling. Boundary element formulation using the multi-layered dynamic fundamental solution is adopted to the far field and coupled with near field modeled by finite elements. In order to verify the proposed soil-pile interaction analysis method the dynamic responses of a pile on multi-layered dynamic fundamental solution is adopted to the far field and coupled with near field modeled by finite elements. In order to verify the proposed soil-pile interaction analysis method the dynamic responses of a pile on multi-layered half-planes are performed and compared with experiment results. Through this developed method the dynamic response analysis of a pile buried in multi-layered half planes can be calculated effectively in frequency domain.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.481-486
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• 1997

This paper describes the anisotropic etching characteristics of Si in acqueous TMAH/IPA solutions. The etch rates of (100) oriented Si crystal planes decrease with increasing TMAH concentration and IPA concentration. Etchant concentration and etch temperature have a large effect on hillock density. Hillock density strongly increase with lower TMAH concentration and higher etch temperature. The etched (100) planes are covered by pyramidal-shaped hillocks below TMAH 15 wt.%, but very smooth surface is obtained TMAH 25 wt.%. The addition of IPA to TMAH solution leads to smoother surfaces of sidewalls etched planes. Undercutting ratio of pure TMAH solution is much higher than KOH. But, addition of IPA to TMAh the underrcutting ratio reduces by a factor of 3∼4. Therefore, acqueous TMAH/IPA solution is able to use as anisotropic etchant of Si because of full compability with IC fabrication process.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

PCB Power-Bus (comprising power/ground planes) impedance and fields are evaluated by an efficient series expansion method that is suggested in this paper. It is used to investigate the structure's radiated emission(RE) levels and find acceptable ways of loading the power/ground planes such as decoupling capcitor(DeCap)s, balanced feeding and slits, in order to reduce the interferences. Also, the calculations and measurements of a proposed geometry are verified by vector fitting as a analysis model to check the behavior of the slit.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.647-673
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• 2002

There are many models to study topological $R^2$-planes. Unlike topological $R^2$-planes, it is difficult to find models to study topological R$^3$)-spaces. If an 4-dimensional affine plane intersects with R$^3$, we are able to get a geometrical structure on R$^3$ which is similar to R$^3$-space, and called $R^2$-divisible R$^3$-space. Such spatial geometric models is useful to study topological R$^3$-spaces. Hence, we introduce some classes of topological $R^2$-divisible R$^3$-spaces which are induced from 4-dimensional anne planes.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제21권
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• pp.195-229
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• 1994

This article investigates the normative principles suggested by Rangannathan as the guiding principles for his theories, consisting of basic laws, fundamental laws, canons, principles and postulates. His five basic laws and five laws of library science are re-interpreted from the view point of library classification. And three planes of idea plane, verbal plane and notational plane, one of the core ideas in his analytico-synthetic theory of library classification, are analyzed. This article also suggests the demonstration model for this three planes using the ideas from chemistry ad chemical equation. In the last part, it analyzes the canons for library classification of three planes. These normative principles are basically guiding principles for so-called analytico-synthetic or faceted classification. But they can be a n.0, pplied to most of modern classification. But they can be a n.0, pplied to most of modern classification schemes, especially to semi-enumerative schemes including DDC, KDC, etc. so that they can improve the schemes. From this regard, these principles can also be helpful to the KDC, on the verge of the revision of its fourth edition.