• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.591-602
• /
• 2009

The Compton backscatter technique has been applied to lap-joint in aircraft structure in order to determine mass loss due to exfoliative corrosion of the aluminum alloy sheet skin. The mass loss of each layer has been estimated from Compton backscatter A-scan including the aluminum sheet, the corrosion layer, and the sealant. A Compton backscattering imaging system has been also developed to obtain a cross-sectional profile of corroded lap-splices of aging aircraft using a specially designed slit-type camera. The camera is to focus on a small scattering volume inside the material from which the backscattered photons are collected by a collimated scintillator detector for interpretation of material characteristics. The cross section of the layered structure is scanned by moving the scattering volume through the thickness direction of the specimen. The theoretical model of the Compton scattering based on Boltzmann transport theory is presented for quantitative characterization of exfoliative corrosion through deconvolution procedure using a nonlinear least-square error minimization method. It produces practical information such as location and width of planar corrosion in layered structures of aircraft, which generally cannot be detected by conventional NDE techniques such as the ultrasonic method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2019.11a
• /
• pp.191-193
• /
• 2019

ISO/IEC JTC1 WG11 Moving Picture Expers Group 과 ITU-T SC16 은 Joint Video Experts Team 을 구성하여 차세대 비디오 부호화 표준으로서 Versatile Video Coding(VVC)를 표준화 중이다. VVC 는 현재 블록의 화면내 예측 모드일 가능성이 높은 모드의 집합인 Most Probable Mode(MPM) 리스트를 유도하고, MPM 을 이용하여 효율적으로 화면내 예측 모드를 부호화한다. VVC 참조 소프트웨어는 주변 블록의 화면내 예측 모드가 일치하는지 여부에 따라 1 개 또는 2 개의 모드를 최종 후보 선택을 위한 과정인 Rate-Distortion Optimization(RDO) 과정에 추가한다. 하지만 현재 MPM 은 항상 첫 번째 후보로 Planar 모드가 위치하며 이로 인하여, 주변 블록의 화면내 예측 모드가 RDO 에 추가되지 않는 경우가 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문은 VVC 의 부호화기에서 주변 블록의 화면내 예측 모드가 고려되지 않는 경우가 존재하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 MPM 유도 과정에서 RDO 에 포함할 후보의 개수를 수정하여 RDO 과정에 항상 주변 블록의 화면내 예측 모드가 추가되도록 한다. 본 논문은 실험을 통해 제안 방법이 약 0.04%의 부호화 효율을 향상시켰음을 보인다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.693-710
• /
• 1998

This paper concerns studies on the shape formation of post-tensioned and shaped steel domes. The post-tensioned and shaped steel domes, assembled initially at ground level in an essentially flat condition, are shaped to a curved space form and erected into the final position by means of a post-tensioning technique. Based on previous studies on this shape formation principle, three post-tensioned and shaped steel domes have been constructed. The results of the shape formation tests and finite element analyses are reported in this paper. It is found that the first two test domes did not furnish a part-spherical shape as predicted by finite element analyses, because the movements of some mechanisms were not controlled sufficiently. With a revised post-tensioning method, the third dome obtained the theoretical prediction. The test results of the three post-tensioned and shaped domes have shown that a necessary condition to form a desired space shape from a planar layout with low joint stiffnesses is that the movements of all the existing mechanisms must be effectively controlled as indicated by the finite element analysis. The extent of the maximum elastic deformation of a post-tensioned and shaped steel structure is determined by the strength of the top chords and their joints. However, due to the semi-rigid characteristic of the top chord joints, the finite element analyses cannot give a close prediction for the maximum elastic deformations of the post-tensioned and shaped steel domes. The results of the current studies can be helpful for the design and construction of this type of structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 1998

This paper presents a numerical method of the minimum-time trajectory planning for a robot manipulator amid obstacles. Each joint displacement is represented by the linear combination of the finite-term quintic B-splines which are the known functions of the path parameter. The time is represented by the linear function of the same path parameter. Since the geometric path is not fixed and the time is linear to the path parameter, the coefficients of the splines and the time-scale factor span a finite-dimensional vector space, a point in which uniquely represents the manipulator motion. The displacement, the velocity and the acceleration conditions at the starting and the goal positions are transformed into the linear equality constraints on the coefficients of the splines, which reduce the dimension of the vector space. The optimization is performed in the reduced vector space using nonlinear programming. The total moving time is the main performance index which should be minimized. The constraints on the actuator forces and that of the obstacle-avoidance, together with sufficiently large weighting coefficients, are included in the augmented performance index. In the numerical implementation, the minimum-time motion is obtained for a planar 3-1ink manipulator amid several rectangular obstacles without simplifying any dynamic or geometric models.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1330-1341
• /
• 1993

The kinematic synthesis deals with the systematic design of mechanisms for a given performance. The area of synthesis may be grouped into two categories to determine the type and to size the dimensions of a mechanism for a specified task. In this paper, using a database of mechanisms a designer can determine the type of mechanism conveniently and design equations are automatically generated for a given input performance. The solving method of design equations utilizes an optimization routine to obtain roots effectively. The linkages of 4, 6, and 8bars with revolute joints are considered in this study but may be extended to linkages of more bars.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.862-868
• /
• 2007

The planar motion of the index finger in general human hands is usually implemented by the actuation of three joints. This task requires a technique to determine the joint combination for each fingertip position which is well-known as the inverse kinematics problem in robotics. Especially, it is an essential work for grasping and manipulation tasks by robotic and humanoid fingers. In this paper, an intelligent neural learning scheme for solving such inverse kinematics is presented. Specifically, a multi-layered neural network is utilized for effective inverse kinematics, where a dynamic neural learning algorithm is employed for fast learning. Also, a bio-mimetic feature of general human fingers is incorporated to the learning scheme. The usefulness of the proposed approach is verified by simulations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.505-523
• /
• 2018

Static pushover analyses of typical existing reinforced concrete frames, designed according to the previous generations of design codes in Greece, have established these structures' inelastic characteristics, namely overstrength, global ductility capacity and available behaviour factor q, under planar response. These were compared with the corresponding demands at the collapse limit state target performance point. The building stock considered accounted for the typical variability, among different generations of constructed buildings in Greece, in the form, the seismic design code in effect and the material characteristics. These static pushover analyses are extended, in the present study, in the time history domain. Consequently, the static analysis predictions are compared with Incremental Dynamic Analysis results herein, using a large number of spectrum compatible recorded base excitations of recent destructive earthquakes in Greece and abroad, following, for comparison, similar conventional limiting failure criteria as before. It is shown that the buildings constructed in the 70s exhibit the least desirable behaviour, followed by the buildings constructed in the 60s. As the seismic codes evolved, there is a notable improvement for buildings of the 80s, when the seismic code introduced end member confinement and the requirement for a joint capacity criterion. Finally, buildings of the 90s, designed to modern codes exhibit an exceptionally good performance, as expected by the compliance of this code to currently enforced seismic provisions worldwide.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.607-615
• /
• 2019

In this paper, the electromagnetic effects on the discontinuity structures of the frequency selective radome in manufacturing process based on the X-band were analyzed. In order to fabricate a curved radome using a planar frequency selective surface structure, it is assumed that gaps, slanted gaps, pattern damage, and pattern misalignment between FSS patterns, which are discontinuous elements that can occur at the joint surface of the FSS panel. FSS specimens including continuous elements were fabricated and the frequency transmission characteristics were measured in a free space measurement environment. From the measurement results, resonance frequency shift, transmission performance degradation, and bandwidth variations were found to be the largest when the damaged pattern was bonded to the junction of FSS panels.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.82 no.6
• /
• pp.735-745
• /
• 2022

The suspension thyristor valve can generate tremendous vertical acceleration responses in layers and large tension forces in hangers. A shaking table test of a scaled-down model of thyristor valves suspended on a hall building is performed to qualify the risk of vertical uplift of two representative types of valves, the chain valve and the rigid valve. Besides, an analytical model is established to investigate the source of the slackening of hangers. The test results show that the valves frequently experience a large vertical acceleration response. The soft spring joint can significantly reduce acceleration, but is still unable to prevent vertical uplift of the chain valve. The analytical model shows a stiffer roof and inter-story connection both contribute to a higher risk of vertical uplift for a rigid valve. In addition, the planar eccentricity and short hangers, which result in torsional motion of the valve, increase the possibility of vertical uplift for a chain valve. Therefore, spring joints with additional viscous dampers and symmetric layout in each layer are recommended for the rigid and chain valve, respectively, to prevent the uplift of valves.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.84 no.5
• /
• pp.591-604
• /
• 2022

A gravity wall combined with an anchoring lattice frame (a combined retaining structure) is adopted at a typical engineering site at Dali-Ruili Railway Line China. Where, the combined retaining structure supports a soil deposit covering on different inclined rock slopes. With an aim to investigate and compare the effects of inclined rock slopes on the response of combined retaining structure under seismic excitation, three groups of shaking table tests are conducted. The rock slopes are shaped as planar surfaces inclined at angles of 20°, 30°, and 40° with the horizontal, respectively. The shaking table tests are supplemented by dynamic numerical simulations. The results regarding the horizontal acceleration response, vertical acceleration response, permanent displacement mode, and axial anchor force are comparatively examined. The acceleration response is more susceptible to outer structural profile of combined retaining structure than to inclined angle of rock slope. The permanent displacement decreases when the inclined angle of the rock slope increases within a range of 20°-40°. A critical inclined angle of rock slope exists within a range of 20°-40°, and induces the largest axial anchor force in the combined retaining structure.