• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2002

This study was carried to identify whether acupuncture at several meridian points can affect the human anesthesia or not through the analysis of serum intermediates, such as, melatonin, serotonin, TSH, cortisol in human serum. We investigated the effect of accupuncture on the change of serum intermediates which have frequently been made a subject of discussion owing to its hyponic and sedative properties in practice. The result obtained were as follow ; 1. Serum melatonin levels was hardly affected at 40 minutes after general acupuncture on Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan, and the other meridian points as compared with that($5.64{\pm}1.02pg/ml$) of resting control group. But on day 1 after acupuncture, these tend to increase significantly ($7.95{\pm}2.05pg/ml$ to $8.21{\pm}1.57pg/ml$, p <0.05). On the other hand, control group under sleep showed the serum level of $7.39{\pm}1.03pg/ml$. Additional acupuncture at In-Dang induced the increased melatonin level, especially at 40minutes after acupuncture(p <0.05). 2. Serotonin level in resting control serum recorded $51.14{\pm}8.17{\mu}g/ml$. Acupuncture at determined meridian point intend to increase average level of serotonin, but not significant. However observation on day 1 after acupuncture at Hab-Gwan meridian point and under sleeping showed the significantly increased serotonin level, $74.05{\pm}35.83{\mu}g/ml$, $70.44{\pm}13.08{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. 3. TSH level in intact human serum recorded $0.85{\pm}0.24{\mu}IU/ml$. and the serum exposed to acupuncture showed the irregular pattern of TSH level in a mean range of $0.76{\pm}0.44{\mu}IU/ml$ to $1.06{\pm}0.38{\mu}IU/ml$, regardless of meridian point or time after acupuncture. 4. The values of serum cortisol in control group were $11.76{\pm}2.06{\mu}g/dl$ in resting, $7.51{\pm}2.85{\mu}/dl$ under sleep, respectively. The level of serum cortisol in 40minutes after acupuncture was markedly (p <0.05) reduced to the serum levels of $5.65{\pm}2.58{\mu}g/dl$ (Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $7.58{\pm}3.21{\mu}g/dl$ (Gyo-Gam, Sin-Mun besides Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $6.43{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/dl$ (In-Dang besides to Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), respectively, as compared with control, intending to increase a little on day 1 after acupuncture. From the above results, the analysis of serum intermediates suggest that acupunctuation at meridian points applied to at this study act upon the phase of light anaesthesia or hypnosis, at the same time affect pituitary-adrenal axis rather than hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the secretary system of hormone and also don't affect dorsal-raphe nucleus according to the observation of change transition in serum intermediates, such as TSH, serotonin, and cortisol.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2005

RT-PCR을 이용하여 감성돔의 뇌하수체에서 발현하는 FSH$\beta$와 LH$\beta$ cDNA를 각각 cloning하였다. GenBank를 이용하여 FSH$\beta$와 LH$\beta$ 아미노산 배열과 상동성을 비교한 결과, 감성돔 FSH$\beta$는 참돔 FSH$\beta$와 $83.3\%$, snakehead fish FSH$\beta$와 $79.2\%$ 및 striped bass FSH$\beta$와 $76.0\%$의 상동성이 나타났으며 , 감성돔 LH$\beta$는 yellowfin seabream LH$\beta$와 $97.7\%$, 참돔 LH$\beta$와 $96.2\%$의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 1년생 수컷 감성돔에 GnRHa를 처리한 후, 뇌하수체에서 발현하는 GTH subunit mRNA의 농도와 혈중 T및 혈중 $E_2$ 농도의 변화를 조사하였다. GnRHa를 체중 g당 $0.2\;{\mu}g$으로 복강 주사한 후 0, 6, 12, 24 및 48시간제에 뇌하수체와 혈액을 샘플링한 결과, 호르몬 처리 후 6시간째에 FSH$\beta$ mRNA가 유의적으로 증가하였으나, LH$\beta$ mRNA 발현에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 혈중 T와 혈중 $E_2$ 농도는 GnRHa처리 후 24시간째 유의적으로 증가하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1997

갑상선 호르몬은 체내에서 기초대사량을 증가시키고, 교감신경 흉분작용을 나타내며,심장에 대해서는 심근수축력, 심박수, 심근 산소소모량 등에 영향을 미친다. 개심술과 같은 대수술시나 심한 전신질환이 있을 때 흔히 갑상선 호르몬치의 변화를 보이게 되는 바 본 연구에서는 인공 체외순환이 갑상선 기능에 어떤 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 변화된 갑상선 기능이 개심술후 회복에 영향을 미치는 지에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 1995년 4월부터 1996년 2월까지 전남대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실에서 인공 체외순환 하에 개심 술을 받은 20명의 환자를 대상으로 갑상선 기능을 평가하였다. 대상 환자 모두 술전에 갑상선 질환을 앓은 병력이나 갑상선 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 어떤 형태의 시술, 검사, 및 약물치료를 받은 적은 없었다. 대상 환자를 두 그룹으로 나누었으며, 술후 회복에 특별한 문제가 없었던 환자군(Group 1, n=10), 술후 합병증(호흡부전, 저심박출증, 다장기 기능부전 등)이 발생한 환자군(Group 2, n=10)으로 강심제를 고용량으로 3일 이상 유지하였거나, 4일 미상 중환자실 체류를 필요로 한 경우로 하였다. 갑상선 기능의 평가는 말초\ulcorner액에서 측정한 triiodothyronine(73), thyroxine(74), free thyroxine(n4), 및 thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) 농도를 기준으로 하였다. 인공 체외순환이 갑상선 호르몬 변화에 미치는 영 향을 알기 위해 술전 검사치와 비교분석하였으며, 갑상선 호르몬의 변화가 술후 예후에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 두 그룹간의 검사치를 비교 분석하여 보았다. 혈청 T)는 인공 체외순환 후 10분에 최저 치(30.05*17.5ng/dl, p(0.001)로 감소하였다가 점차 증가하였으나 전체적으로 술전에 비해 의미 있게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 혈청 T4, fT4, TSH는 다소간의 변동을 보여, 체외순환을 사용한 개심술이 갑상선 기능에 변화를 초래하며, 모두 그룹간의 비교에서도 혈청 T3는그룹 1에 비해 그룹2에서 의미 있게 낮았으며(P<0.05), 술후 4일째 그룹 1에서는 정상수준으로 회복되었으나 그룹 2에서는 정상수준으로 회복되지 못한 점으로 미루어 이처럼 변화된 갑상선 기능이 술후 환자의 회복에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 집중 치료 중인 가사 상태의 환자에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 "euthyroid sick syndrome"과 유사한 양상이었다. 이상의 결과로 인공 체외순환이 갑상선 기능을 변화시키며, 갑상선 기능의 변화가 술후 환자의 예후에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사하였다. 앞으로 더욱 정선되고 선택된 경우에 대한 많은 연구와 더불어 다음 단계로 갑상선 호르몬(73)의 투여가 실제로 술후 환자의 회복에 관련이 있는 지의 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.요하리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2010

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone that is encoded by separate alpha- and betasubunit genes. It plays a key role in stimulating and regulating ovarian follicular development and egg production in chicken. FSH signal transduction is mediated by the FSH receptor (FSHR) that exclusively interacts with the beta-subunit of FSH, but characterization of prokaryotic expression of the FSHb gene and its effect on the expression of the FSHR gene in local chickens have received very little attention. In the current study, the cDNA fragment of the FSHb gene from Dagu chicken was amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inserted into the pET-28a (+) vector to construct the pET-28a-FSHb plasmid. After expression of the plasmid in E. coli BL21 (DE3) under inducing conditions, the recombination protein, $FSH{\beta}$ subunit, was purified and injected into the experimental hens and the effect on the mRNA expression levels of the FSHR gene was investigated. Sequence comparison showed that the coding region of the FSHb gene in the local chicken shared 99%-100% homology to published nucleotides in chickens; only one synonymous nucleotide substitution was detected in the region. The encoded amino acids were completely identical with the reported sequence, which confirmed that the sequences of the chicken FSHb gene and the peptides of the $FSH{\beta}$ subunit are highly conserved. This may be due to the critical role of the normal function of the FSHb gene in hormonal specificity and regulation of reproduction. The results of gene expression revealed that a recombinant protein with a molecular weight of about 19 kDa was efficiently expressed and it was identified by Western blotting analysis. After administration of the purified $FSH{\beta}$ protein, significantly higher expression levels were demonstrated in uterus, ovary and oviduct samples (p<0.05). These observations suggested that the expressed $FSH{\beta}$ protein possesses biological activity, and has a potential role in regulation of reproductive physiology in chickens.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2019

Objective: We investigated the clinical characteristics of men with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)-induced hypogonadism and its effect on assisted reproductive technology (ART) in infertile couples. Methods: This study examined the records of 20 consecutive male patients diagnosed with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (< 5 × 10⁶/mL) who visited a single infertility center from January 2008 to July 2018. All patients were treated at a primary clinic for erectile dysfunction or androgen deficiency symptoms combined with low serum testosterone. All men received a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor and TRT with testosterone undecanoate (Nebido^®) or testosterone enanthate (Jenasteron^®). Patients older than 50 years or with a chronic medical disease such as diabetes were excluded. Results: The mean age of patients was 37 years and the mean duration of infertility was 16.3 ± 11.6 months. At the initial presentation, eight patients had azoospermia, nine had cryptozoospermia, and three had severe oligozoospermia. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were below 1.0 mIU/mL in most patients. Three ongoing ART programs with female factor infertility were cancelled due to male spermatogenic dysfunction; two of these men had normal semen parameters in the previous cycle. After withholding TRT, serum hormone levels and sperm concentrations returned to normal range after a median duration of 8 months. Conclusion: TRT with high-dose testosterone can cause spermatogenic dysfunction due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, with adverse effects on infertility treatment programs. TRT is therefore contraindicated for infertile couples attempting to conceive, and the patient's desire for fertility must be considered before initiation of TRT in a hypogonadal man.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2014

To assess the functional structure of prepro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pMCH), we isolated and cloned pMCH (of-pMCH) mRNA from the brain of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and compared its amino acid sequence with those from other animals. In addition, to examine whether activation of the brain of-pMCH gene is influenced by background color, density, and feeding, we compared pMCH mRNA activities against different background colors (bright and dark) and at different densities (100% PCA and 200% PCA). To examine whether the pMCH gene is related with malpigmentation of blind-side skin and appetite, we compared pMCH gene expression between ordinary and hypermelanic flounders, and between feeding and fasting flounders. The of-pMCH cDNA was 405 bp in the open reading frame [ORF] and encoded a protein of 135 amino acids; MCH was 51 bp in length and encoded a protein of 17 amino acids. An obvious single band of the expected size was obtained from the brain and pituitary by RT-PCR. In addition, of-pMCH gene activity was significantly higher in the bright background only at low density (< 100% PCA) making the ocular skin of fish whitening, and in ordinary fish. However, the gene activity was significantly decreased in dark background, at high density (>200% PCA), and in hypermelano fish. These results suggest that skin whitening camouflage of the flounder is induced by high MCH gene activity, and the density disturbs the function of background color in the physiological color change. Moreover, our data suggest that a low level of MCH gene activity may be related to malpigmentation of the blind-side skin. In feeding, although pMCH gene activity was significantly increased by feeding in the white background, the pMCH gene activity in the dark background was not influenced by feeding, indicating that the MCH gene activity increased by feeding can be offset by dark background color, or is unaffected by appetite. In conclusion, this study showed that MCH gene expression is related to ocular-skin whitening camouflage and blind-skin hypermelanosis, and is influenced by background color and density.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2004

It is well known that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is under the negative feedback control of adrenal corticosteroids. Previous studies have suggested that glucocorticoids can regulate neuroendocrine cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by modulating catecholaminergic transmission, a major excitatory modulator of the HPA axis at the hypothalamic level. But, the effects of corticosteroids on the expression of adrenoceptor subtypes are not fully understood. In this work, we examined mRNA levels of six adrenoceptor subtypes (${\alpha}_{1A}$, ${\alpha}_{1B}$, ${\alpha}_{2A}$, ${\alpha}_{2B}$, ${\beta}_1$ and ${\beta}_2$) in the PVN of normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Total RNA ($2.5{\mu}g$) was extracted from PVN micropunches of brain slices ($500{\mu}m$) and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA were increased in the ADX rats relative to normal rats, indicating that the PVN had been liberated from the negative feedback of corticosteroids. Among the six adrenoceptor subtypes examined, mRNA levels for ${\alpha}_{1B}$- and ${\beta}_1$-adrenoceptors were increased, but the level for ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptors was decreased in the ADX rats. The mRNA levels for the other three subtypes and for the general and neuronal specific housekeeping genes, glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and N-enolase, respectively, were not changed in the ADX rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that adrenal steroids selectively regulate the gene expression of adrenoceptor subtypes in the PVN.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.651-662
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• 2006

프탈레이트 에스테르는 플라스틱 가소제로서 이용되며 또한 유제품과 같은 음식에서 미량으로 발견되고, 종종 내분비 교란물질로 의심되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 DBP, DINP 또는 DEHA의 주산기 노출이 랫트에 있어 성 성숙 후, 번식기능 특히 뇌의 성분화에 어떤 영향을 끼치는 지에 대해 조사하였다. 이를 수행하기 위해서, 어미에게 식물성 에스트로겐의 함유가 낮은 분말 사료에 다음과 같은 단계적 농도의 DBP (20, 200, 2000, 10000 ppm), DINP (40, 400, 4000, 20000 ppm), DEHA (480, 2400, 12000 ppm)를 혼합한 후, 임신 15일째부터 출생 후, 21일째 (이유기)까지 섭취 시켰고, 성 성숙 후, 혈청 성호르몬 및 성선자극호르몬의 레벨과 교배행동 및 성주기 회귀를 분석하였다. 그 결과, DBP, DINP 또는 DEHA의 주산기 노출에 의한 생후 20~21주째의 암수 랫트에 있어, 성호르몬 및 성선자극호르몬의 레벨뿐만 아니라 암컷의 성주기의 회귀에 대해 어떠한 영향을 주지 않았다. 이것은 시상하부－하수체－성선축의 내분비계를 제어하는 뇌의 성분화에는 이들 화학물질이 영향을 주지 않았다는 사실을 시사한다. 하지만, 수컷의 성행동 특히, 사정 (ejaculation)과 암컷의 로도시스 반응이 억제되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 DBP, DINP 또는 DEHA의 주산기 노출은 성선자극 호르몬의 분비에는 영향을 주지 않지만, 성행동을 제어하는 시상하부의 어떤 영역에 직접적으로 작용할 가능성 즉, 뇌의 성분화에 영향을 끼쳐 성 성숙 후, 성 특이적 행동을 억제시킬 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2013

In mammals, puberty is a process of acquiring reproductive competence, triggering by activation of hypothalamic kisspeptin (KiSS)-gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal circuit. During peripubertal period, not only the external genitalia but the internal reproductive organs have to be matured in response to the hormonal signals from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis. In the present study, we evaluated the maturation of male rat accessory sex organs during the peripubertal period using tissue weight measurement, histological analysis and RT-PCR assay. Male rats were sacrificed at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 70 postnatal days (PND). The rat accessory sex organs exhibited differential growth patterns compared to those of non-reproductive organs. The growth rate of the accessory sex organs were much higher than the those of non-reproductive organs. Also, the growth spurts occurred differentially even among the accessory sex organs; the order of prepubertal organ growth spurts is testis = epididymis > seminal vesicle = prostate. Histological study revealed that the presence of sperms in seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts at day 50, indicating the puberty onset. The number of duct and the volume of duct in epididymis and prostate were inversely correlated during the experimental period. Our RT-PCR revealed that the levels of hypothalamic GnRH transcript were increased significantly on PND 40, suggesting the activation of hypothalamic GnRH pulse-generator before puberty onset. Studies on the peripubertal male accessory sex organs will provide useful references on the growth regulation mechanism which is differentially regulated during the period in androgen-sensitive organs. The detailed references will render easier development of endocrine disruption assay.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2016

Stress induced cardiomyopathy (SC) is characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease. We report on a patient with panhypopituitarism who developed SC resulting from withdrawal of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). A 52-year-old male visited our hospital for progressively worsening dyspnea. The patient had discontinued HRT 7 days ago, which had been administered for 18 months after transsphenoidal adenomectomy for pituitary macroadenoma. Initial electrocardiogram showed marked sinus bradycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography showed apical ballooning with an LV ejection fraction of 25%. No significant obstructive lesions were observed on coronary angiography. With a clinical diagnosis of SC associated with panhypopituitarism, HRT was restarted, including glucocorticoid and thyroxine, along with standard heart failure management. His LV function had normalized at 2-month follow-up. He remains asymptomatic and administration of beta-blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor were discontinued He currently only requires HRT.