Browse > Article

Effect of adrenalectomy on gene expression of adrenoceptor subtypes in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus  

Kam, Kyung-Yoon (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School)
Shin, Seung Yub (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Han, Seong Kyu (Center for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Otago)
Li, Long Hua (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Chong, Wonee (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Baek, Dae Hyun (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Lee, So Yeong (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Ryu, Pan Dong (Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Veterinary Research / v.44, no.2, 2004 , pp. 207-215 More about this Journal
Abstract
It is well known that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is under the negative feedback control of adrenal corticosteroids. Previous studies have suggested that glucocorticoids can regulate neuroendocrine cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by modulating catecholaminergic transmission, a major excitatory modulator of the HPA axis at the hypothalamic level. But, the effects of corticosteroids on the expression of adrenoceptor subtypes are not fully understood. In this work, we examined mRNA levels of six adrenoceptor subtypes (${\alpha}_{1A}$, ${\alpha}_{1B}$, ${\alpha}_{2A}$, ${\alpha}_{2B}$, ${\beta}_1$ and ${\beta}_2$) in the PVN of normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Total RNA ($2.5{\mu}g$) was extracted from PVN micropunches of brain slices ($500{\mu}m$) and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA were increased in the ADX rats relative to normal rats, indicating that the PVN had been liberated from the negative feedback of corticosteroids. Among the six adrenoceptor subtypes examined, mRNA levels for ${\alpha}_{1B}$- and ${\beta}_1$-adrenoceptors were increased, but the level for ${\beta}_2$-adrenoceptors was decreased in the ADX rats. The mRNA levels for the other three subtypes and for the general and neuronal specific housekeeping genes, glyceroaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and N-enolase, respectively, were not changed in the ADX rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that adrenal steroids selectively regulate the gene expression of adrenoceptor subtypes in the PVN.
Keywords
corticosteroid; RT-PCR; micropunch; corticotropin-releasing hormone;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hadcock, J. R. and Malbon, C. C. Regulation of betaadrenergic receptors by “permissive” hormones: glucocorticoids increase steady-state levels of receptor mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 1988, 85, 8415-8419
2 Han, S. K., Chong, W., Li, L. H., Lee, I. S., Murase, K. and Ryu, P. D. Noradrenaline excites and inhibits GABAergic transmission in parvocellular neurons of rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 2002, 87, 2287-2296
3 Herman, J. P. and Cullinan, W. E. Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci. 1997, 20, 78-84
4 Jhanwar-Uniyal, M. and Leibowitz, S. F. Impact of circulating corticosterone on alpha 1- and alpha 2- noradrenergic receptors in discrete brain areas. Brain Res. 1986, 368, 404-408
5 Joe, I. and Ramirez, V. D. Binding of estrogen and progesterone-BSA conjugates to glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the effects of the free steroids on GAPDH enzyme activity: physiological implications. Steroids, 2001, 66, 529-538
6 Pieribone, V. A., Nicholas, A. P., Dagerlind, A. and Hokfelt, T. Distribution of alpha 1 adrenoceptors in rat brain revealed by in situ hybridization experimentsutilizing subtype-specific probes. J. Neurosci. 1994, 14, 4252-4268
7 Sanne, J. L., Scarna, H., Grange, E. and Bobillier, P. Restraint stress and adrenalectomy do not affect the level of rat cerebral enolase. Neurosci. Lett. 1990, 119, 94-96
8 Stone, E. A., Egawa, M. and Colbjornsen, C. M. Catecholamine-induced desensitization of brain beta adrenoceptors in vivo and reversal by corticosterone. Life Sci. 1989, 44, 209-213
9 Szafarczyk, A., Malaval, F., Laurent, A., Gibaud, R. and Assenmacher, I. Further evidence for a central stimulatory action of catecholamines on adrenocorticotropin release in the rat. Endocrinology, 1987, 121, 883-892
10 Feuvrier, E., Aubert, M., Malaval, F., Szafarczyk, A. and Gaillet, S. Opposite regulation by glucocorticoids of the alpha 1B- and alpha 2A-adrenoreceptor mRNA levels in rat cultured anterior hypothalamic slices. Neurosci. Lett. 1999, 271, 121-125
11 McCune, S. K., Voigt, M. M. and Hill, J. M. Expression of multiple alpha adrenergic receptor subtype messenger RNAs in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience, 1993, 57, 143-151
12 Kiely, J., Hadcock, J. R., Bahouth, S. W. and Malbon, C. C. Glucocorticoids down-regulate beta 1-adrenergic-receptor expression by suppressing transcription of the receptor gene. Biochem. J. 1994, 302, 397-403
13 Daftary, S. S., Boudaba, C. and Tasker, J. G. Noradrenergic regulation of parvocellular neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuroscience. 2000, 96, 743-751
14 Day, H. E., Campeau, S., Watson, S. J. Jr and Akil, H. Distribution of alpha 1a-, alpha 1b- and alpha 1dadrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain and spinalcord. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 1997, 13, 115-139
15 Bergles, D. E., Doze, V. A., Madison, D. V. and Smith, S. J. Excitatory actions of norepinephrine on multiple classes of hippocampal CA1 interneurons. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16, 572-585
16 Brank, M., Zajc-Kreft, K., Kreft, S., Komel, R. and Grubic, Z. Biogenesis of acetylcholinesterase is impaired, although its mRNA level remains normal, in theglucocorticoid-treated rat skeletal muscle. Eur. J. Biochem. 1998, 251, 374-381
17 Richardson-Morton, K. D., Van de Kar, L. D., Brownfield, M. S., Lorens, S. A., Napier, T. C. and Urban, J. H. Stress-induced renin and corticosterone secretion is mediated by catecholaminergic nerve terminals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Neuroendocrinology, 1990, 51, 320-327
18 Szafarczyk, A., Feuvrier, E., Siaud, P., Rondouin, G., Lacoste, M., Gaillet, S., Malaval, F. and Assenmacher, I. Removal of adrenal steroids from the mediumreverses the stimulating effect of catecholamines on corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in organotypic cultures. Neuroendocrinology, 1995, 61, 517-524
19 Kunos, G., Ishac, E. J., Gao, B. and Jiang, L. Inverse regulation of hepatic alpha 1B- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Cellular mechanisms and physiologicalimplications. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1995, 757, 261-271
20 Gao, B. and Kunos, G. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the rat alpha-1B adrenergic receptor. Gene, 1993, 131, 243-247
21 Palkovits, M. and Brownstein, M. J. Microdissection of brain areas by the punch technique; In Brain Microdissection Technique, Cuello, A.C. (eds), pp. 1-36, Wiley, New York. 1983
22 Li, H. Y., Ericsson, A. and Sawchenko, P. E. Distinct mechanisms underlie activation of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons and their medullary catecholaminergic afferents in categorically different stress paradigms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 1996, 93, 2359-2364
23 Sawchenko, P. E. Evidence for a local site of action for glucocorticoids in inhibiting CRF and vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res. 1987, 403, 213-223
24 Cummings, S. and Seybold, V. Relationship of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic-binding sites to regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus containing corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin neurons. Neuroendocrinology. 1988, 47, 523-532
25 Saphier, D. and Feldman, S. Iontophoretic application of glucocorticoids inhibits identified neurones in the rat paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res. 1988, 453, 183-190
26 Plotsky, P. M., Cunningham, E. T. Jr. and Widmaier, E. P. Catecholaminergic modulation of corticotropinreleasing factor and adrenocorticotropin secretion.Endocr. Rev. 1989, 10, 437-458
27 Gaillet, S., Lachuer, J., Malaval, F., Assenmacher, I. and Szafarczyk, A. The involvement of noradrenergic ascending pathways in the stress-induced activation of ACTH and corticosterone secretions is dependent on the nature of stressors. Exp. Brain Res. 1991, 87, 173-180
28 McCormick, D. A. and Prince, D. A. Noradrenergic modulation of firing pattern in guinea pig and cat thalamic neurons, in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 1988, 59, 978-996
29 Day, H. E. W., Campeau, S., Watson, S. J. Jr and Akil, H. Expression of a1b adrenoceptor mRNA in corticotropin-releasing hormone-containing cells of therat hypothalamus and its regulation by corticosterone. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19, 10098-10106
30 Jiang, L. and Kunos, G. Sequence of the 5’ regulatory domain of the gene encoding the rat beta-2-adrenergic receptor. Gene, 1995, 163, 331-332
31 Pan, Z. Z., Grudt, T. J. and Williams, J. T. Alpha 1-adrenoceptors in rat dorsal raphe neurons: regulation of two potassium conductances. J. Physiol. 1994, 478Pt 3, 437-447
32 Williams, A. M. and Morilak, D. A. Alpha 1B adrenoceptors in rat paraventricular nucleus overlap with, but do not mediate, the induction of c-Fos expression by osmotic or restraint stress. Neuroscience, 1997, 76, 901-913
33 Subramaniam, M., Colvard, D., Keeting, P. E., Rasmussen, K., Riggs, B. L. and Spelsberg, T. C. Glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and proto-oncogenes in normal human osteoblast-like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 1992, 50, 411-424
34 Domyancic, A. V. and Morilak, D. A. Distribution of alpha 1A adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain visualized by in situ hybridization. J. Comp. Neurol.1997, 386, 358-378
35 Alexander, S. P. H., Mathie, A. and Peters, J. A. TiPS, Nomenclature supplement, pp. 15-18. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001
36 Gaillet, S., Alonso, G., Le Borgne, R., Barbanel, G., Malaval, F., Assenmacher, I. and Szafarczyk, A. Effects of discrete lesions in the ventral noradrenergicascending bundle on the corticotropic stress response depend on the site of the lesion and on the plasma levels of adrenal steroids, Neuroendocrinology. 1993,58, 408-419
37 Little, K. Y., Duncan, G. E., Breese, G. R. and Stumpf, W. E. Beta-adrenergic receptor binding in human and rat hypothalamus. Biol. Psychiatry, 1992, 32, 512-522
38 Daniels, W. M., Jaffer, A., Russell, V. A. and Taljaard, J. J. Alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of corticosterone secretion in rats. Neurochem. Res.1993, 18, 159-164
39 Sakaue, M. and Hoffman, B. B. Glucocorticoids induce transcription and expression of the alpha 1B adrenergic receptor gene in DTT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1991, 88, 385-389
40 Kunos, G., Kunos, I., Hirata, F. and Ishac, E. J. Adrenergic receptors: possible mechanism of inverse regulation of alpha and beta receptors. J. Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1985, 76, 346-351