• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2018

In this paper, comparative analysis of the 9.12 Gyeongju and 11.15 Pohang earthquakes was conducted in order to provide probable explanations and reasons for the damage observed in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake from both earthquake and structural engineering perspectives. The damage potentials like Arias intensity, effective peak ground acceleration, etc observed in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake were generally weaker than those of the 9.12 Gyeongju earthquake. However, in contrast to the high-frequency dominant nature of the 9.12 Gyeongju earthquake records, the spectral power of PHA2 record observed in the soft soil site was highly concentrated around 2Hz. The base shear around 2 Hz frequency was as high as 40% building weight. This frequency band is very close to the fundamental frequency of the piloti-type buildings severely damaged in the northern part of Pohang. Unfortunately, in addition to inherent vertical irregularity, most of the damaged piloti-type buildings had plan irregularity as well and were non-seismic. All these contributed to the fatal damage. Inelastic dynamic analysis indicated that PHA2 record demands system ductility capacity of 3.5 for a structure with a fundamental period of 0.5 sec and yield base shear strength of 10% building weight. The system ductility level of 3.5 seems very difficult to be achievable in non-seismic brittle piloti-type buildings. The soil profile of the PHA2 site was inversely estimated based on deconvolution technique and trial-error procedure with utilizing available records measured at several rock sites during the 11.15 Pohang earthquake. The soil profile estimated was very typical of soil class D, implying significant soil amplification in the 11.15 Pohang earthquake. The 11.15 Pohang earthquake gave us the expensive lesson that near-collapse damage to irregular and brittle buildings is highly possible when soil is soft and epicenter is close, although the earthquake magnitude is just minor to moderate (M 5+).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 편심코아를 가지는 저층 필로티 건물의 내진거동을 해석하고 결과를 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 저층 필로티 건물의 시공사례 중 KBC2005기준에 준하여 설계된 편심코어를 가지는 건물들의 설계자료를 수집하여, 대표적인 편심 필로티 건물을 프로토타입으로 선정하여 KDS41기준에 준하여 내진거동을 해석하고 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 편심코어를 가지는 필로티 건물의 경우 X방향은 소성거동, Y방향은 탄성거동을 하는 것으로 평가 되었다. 연구대상 건물의 층간 변위를 확인한 결과 최대변위 δ=67.51mm로 코어가 평면 중심에 위치하는 경우보다 층간 변위량이 더 큰 것으로 평가 되었다. 해석결과에서 층간 변위 비율은 법적 규준 이내인 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 변위 비율은 1층 필로티 구간이 2~4층 부분보다 확연히 높은 걸로 평가 되었으며, 저층 필로티 구조물의 경우 1층 라멘조 부분이 횡력에 취약한 것으로 평가되었다. 편심코어로 인하여 구조물 전체의 강성중심이 질량중심과 이격되어 있어 코어 반대쪽의 필로티 기둥에서 항복과 소성힌지 발생이 시작되므로 내진설계와 내진보강시 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 따라서, 편심코어를 가지는 저층 필로티 건물의 내진설계 및 내진보강시 필로티 구조의 횡변위 감소와 횡력저항능력을 보강할 필요가 있다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

Many RC building structures of multiple uses constructed in Korea have the irregularities of torsion and soft story at bottom stories. A typical irregular building was selected as prototype and shaking table tests were performed to investigate the seismic performance of this building. The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the experimental and analytical responses of this irregular building structure subjected to the earthquake excitation by using OpenSees(Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). The results of analyses simulate well the effect of axial forces on the shear force of column and axial deformation. However, some discrepancy between analytical and experimental results in the distribution of shear forces and overturning deformation were observed.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2018

제천 스포츠센터 화재로 29명이 사망하고 40명이 부상을 입었다. 이 논문에서는 스포츠센터 화재 사례에 대해 다수 사상자가 발생한 요인을 분석하기 위해 저자의 화재조사 결과를 토대로 건물과 설비의 구조적인 요인을 분석하고 있다. 건물과 설비의 구조적인 요인은 필로티 구조의 주차장, 필로티 주차장과 로비 사이 방화구획 미비, 필로티 주차장에 스프링클러설비 미설치, 1층 주계단에 방화문 미설치, 옥상에 소화수조 미설치, 2층 주출입구에 벽체 매립형 방화문 설치, EPS실 및 배관 피트 층별 방화구획 부실, 배수배관 연결부의 누수, 화물용 승강기의 승강로와 실내에 면하는 벽체에 합판 설치, 폐쇄형 옥상구조로 개조, 주차장 반자 안쪽 천장에 스티로폼 단열재 부착, 2층 여탕 무창층 강화유리 구조, 드라이비트 외벽으로 분석하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 고상식(Piloti) 기초가 사용되는 오일샌드 플랜트의 하부기초에 소형강관 말뚝이나 마이크로 파일 등을 마찰 말뚝개념으로 사용할 경우 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 극복하고자 복합거동 연결체를 제안하였다. 말뚝의 개별 침하나 융기(Heaving)를 1개의 군으로 연결하여 복합거동이 가능하도록 하였으며, 하중 지지특성을 분석하였다. 기존 무리말뚝과 말뚝전면(Piled raft) 기초의 장점을 오일샌드 플랜트에 적용 할 수 있도록 복합거동 연결체의 형상을 결정하였다. 또한, 축소모형을 제작하여 하중에 대한 거동을 계측하고, 이를 통해 장치의 안정성 및 취약부위를 검토하여 연결체의 형태를 평가하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

The severe shortage of the available sites in the highly developed downtown area in Korea necessitates the construction of high-rise buildings which meet the need of residence and commercial activity simultaneously. The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of this type of building structures. For this purpose, two 1:12 scale 17-story reinforced concrete model structures were constructed according to the similitude law, in which the upper 15 stories have a bearing-wall system while the lower 2-story frames with infilled shear wall have two different layouts of the plan : The one has symmetric plan and the other has unsymmetric plan. Then, this model was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations. The test results show that the layout of shear wall has the negligible effect on the natural period and the base shear coefficient, but great effect on the failure mode of beam-column joint at flexible side frame.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2016

Piloti-type building is one of typical vertical atypical buildings. These buildings can fail by weak-story or flexible-story mechanism on the first story. They should be designed by taking into account the special seismic load, but those less than six stories are not required to confirm the seismic performance from structural engineers in Korea. For this reason, small-size pilloti-type RC buildings need to be checked for seismic performance. Based on this background, this study performed nonlinear dynamic analysis using the PERFORM-3D for small-size pilloti-type RC buildings and assessed their seismic performance. Examples are two through four story buildings with and without walls in the first story. The walls and columns in the first story satisfied the target performance in the basic of flexural behavior due to quite a large size and reinforcement. However, wall shear demands exceed shear strength in some buildings. When designed for KBC2009, wall shear strength exceed shear demand in some buildings, but still does not in others. Consequently, wall shear must be carefully checked in both existing and new small-size pilloti-type RC buildings.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.79-80
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• 2022

In December 2017, a fire at the Jecheon Sports Center caused 29 deaths and 40 injuries, and about 2 billion won in property damage. It is a facility used by unspecified people as a publicly used establishment with a piloti structure. The damage was expanded due to the ignition of combustible exterior materials, Lack of fire protection in horizontal and vertical penetrations. Although legislation has improved since the fire, it is not retroactively applied, increasing the risk of fire in existing buildings. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the case of the Jecheon Sports Center fire and draw out the problems. In this study, the fire simulation results and the Jecheon Sports Center fire are comparatively analyzed and used as basic data for fire reduction measures in publicly used establishment. As a result of the fire simulation drive, in the case of the second floor, the room temperature exceeded the human life safety standard of 60 ℃ after about 700 seconds had passed. In the case of three floor, it is predicted that the indoor temperature will exceed about 350 ℃. and temporary complexation will occur in the indoor combustibles.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

세가지 형태의 고층 비정형 철근콘크리트 건물에 대해 OpenSees를 이용하여 비선형정적해석을 수행한 후, 해석결과와 진동대 실험결과를 비교하여 해석방법에 대한 검증을 수행하고, 해석결과 나타난 비정형 건물의 성능과 하부 필로티부분의 파괴양상을 분석하였다. 선정된 모델은 필로티층이 골조로만 이루어진 모델 (모델 1), 필로티층 내부중앙골조에 벽체가 있는 모델 (모델 2), 그리고, 필로티층의 한쪽 골조에 벽체가 있는 모델 (모델 3)이다. 철근과 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 관계를 섬유모델에 이식하여 비선형부분의 거동을 묘사하고, 벽체도 비선형모델을 이식한 트러스로 이루어진 MVLEM을 적용하였다. 그 결과 축력이 작용함에 따른 기둥의 전단강성변화, 벽체의 들뜸현상 등과 같이 진동대 실험에서 나타난 거동특성을 비교적 정확하게 묘사하였다. 초과강도 측면에서 하부골조에 벽체를 포함하고 있는 모델 2와 모델 3은 모델 1보다 2배 가까이 크다. 이와 같이 모델 2와 모델 3의 초과강도와 연성이 큰 이유는 모델 2와 모델 3의 경우 모델 1로 설계된 골조에 벽체가 낀 벽의 형태로 설계되었기 때문으로 보인다. 그리고, 연성의 측면에서 모델 1과 모델 3은 모델 2의 보다 1.17배 큰 것으로 나타났다. 모델 1과 모델 3의 경우 골조부분에 과도한 모멘트가 작용하여 파괴에 이른 반면, 모델 2는 하부전단벽의 전단파괴에 의해 파괴되었으며, 모델 1과 모델 3에 비하여 크게 작용한 전도모멘트로 인해 기둥에 작용하는 축력의 변화가 크게 발생하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to understand what Le Corbuiser has intended on a panoramic landscape view through his modern architectural design. This paper is willing to improve that he considered both natural and local landscape scenery, when he designed architecture with drawing images. He designed various ways to see outside scenery and community culture through ribbon windows, piloti, architectural promenade, picture frame, and rooftop garden as the angle of view inside the building, 'designed landscape panorama' from his architecture. Therefore the contents of the study include the analysis of the local landscapes shown through his architecture by photograph, drawing of a real scenery, and his sketches with biology to find what he has intended. The following conclusions have three points. First, Le Corbuiser has a basic idea to bear a natural and local scenery from his architecture through five points of new architecture. Second, pilotis, ribbon windows, and roof garden with picture frame and architectural promenade are pathways of his architecture to see 'designed landscape panorama'. Third, it comes from his early architecture like Villa Savoye in 1920s to Couvent de Sainte Marie de la Tourette in 1950s, but Ronchamp church converts his idea on previous thoughts.