• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3559-3567
• /
• 2016

Background: In recent years, there has been considerable research on recycling of agro-industrial waste for production of bioactive compounds. The food processing industry produces large amounts of citrus peels that may be an inexpensive source of useful agents. Objective: The present work aimed to explore the phytochemical content, antioxidant, anticancer, antiproliferation, and antigenotxic activities of lemon, grapefruit, and mandarin peels. Materials and Methods: Peels were extracted using 98% ethanol and the three crude extracts were assessed for their total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Their cytotoxic and mitogenic proliferation activities were also studied in human leukemia HL-60 cells and mouse splenocytes by CCK-8 assay. In addition, genotoxic/antigenotoxic activity was explored in mouse splenocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CAs) assay. Results: Lemon peels had the highest of TPC followed by grapefruit and mandarin. In contrast, mandarin peels contained the highest of TFC followed by lemon and grapefruit peels. Among the extracts, lemon peel possessed the strongest antioxidant activity as indicated by the highest DPPH radical scavenging, the lowest effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}=42.97{\mu}g\;extract/mL$), and the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC=0.157). Mandarin peel exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}=77.8{\mu}g/mL$) against HL-60 cells, whereas grapefruit and lemon peels were ineffective anti-leukemia. Further, citrus peels possessed immunostimulation activity via augmentation of proliferation of mouse splenocytes (T-lymphocytes). Citrus extracts exerted non-cytotoxic, and antigenotoxic activities through remarkable reduction of CAs induced by cisplatin in mouse splenocytes for 24 h. Conclusions: The phytochemical constituents of the citrus peels may exert biological activities including anticancer, immunostimulation and antigenotoxic potential.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.451-458
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this research is to distinguish the quantitative determination of phytochemicals in various agricultural products and to optimize an HPLC method for the determination of lycopene, lutein, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Among the different conditions studied, the most suitable ones for our samples were the extraction with hexane/acetone/ethanol (50:25:25, v/v/v), dissolution of the dry extract in tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile/methanol (15:30:55, v/v/v), injection on a $C_{18}$ column with methanol/acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) + triethylamine $9{\mu}M$ as mobile phase, and ${\lambda}_{detection}$=475 nm. The mean percent recovery for the HPLC method were $120.7{\pm}4.1%$ (lycopene), $89.2{\pm}3.5%$ (lutein), $91.2{\pm}2.9%$ (${\alpha}$-carotene), $99.1{\pm}4.4%$ (${\beta}$-carotene), and $100.0{\pm}5.3%$ (cryptoxanthin). The contents of lutein in the agricultural products were spinach, kiwi, tomato, blueberry, melon, respectively. However, the lycopene contents were the highest in the Black tomato ($56.66{\pm}7.48mg/kg$) and Jangseong tomato ($50.28{\pm}5.42mg/kg$). The concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene in all of the agricultural products ranged from 0.07 mg/kg to 65.03 mg/kg. The quercetin content of the agricultural products increased in the order of blueberry (986.57~1,054.06 mg/100 g), kiwi (44.96~55.09 mg/100 g), hallabong (31.92~35.60 mg/100 g), and tomato (26.38~34.94 mg/100 g). The highest kaempferol content was found in the blueberry (47.79~76.15 mg/100 g) with results in all of the tested samples varying between 6.54~48.11 mg/100 g. The total polyphenol contents of the various agricultural products increased in the blueberry (213.60~229.96 mg/100 g), spinach (112.50~141.67 mg/100 g) and kiwi (46.49~70.44 mg/100 g). The total flavonoid content was the highest in both blueberry and spinach. Vitamin C content was detected in kiwi > hallabong > tomato > blueberry, respectively. The total anthocyanin contents (TAC) was detected in the Damyang blueberry and the imported blueberry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.68 no.2
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2023

Sweet corn is widely consumed due to its high nutritional content and diverse phytochemical composition, including carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which have several benefits for human health. This study aims to identify breeding materials for developing high-functional sweet corn varieties by evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of 37 Korean sweet corn inbred lines. The results revealed genetic variation in various components, such as carotenoid content (range of 120.7~1239.3 mg 100 g^-1), polyphenol content (490.5~740.6 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g^-1), and flavonoid content (7.3~68.6 mg catechin equivalent 100 g^-1). In addition, the free radical scavenging capacity, measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), also varied among the inbred lines. Therefore, in this study, we identified Korean sweet corn inbred lines with high phytochemical content and excellent antioxidant activity. The development of sweet corn varieties with improved functionality is expected to further expand the role of sweet corn as a source of antioxidants in the Korean diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 2005

Changes in contents of phytochemical compounds (${\beta}$-carotene, ascorbic acid, chlorophylls, total flavonoid, total polyphenol) and hazardous factors (microbial counts, nitrate) of spinach (Spinacia oleracia L.) were investigated by conventional and microwave blanching methods. ${\beta}$-Carotene and chlorophylls contents of spinach were significantly increased by blanching, with conventional blanching resulting in higher contents than microwave blanching. In contrast, contents of ascorbic acid, total flavonoid, and total polyphenol of blanched spinach decreased, with microwave blanching resulting in higher ascorbic acid, total flavonoid, and total polyphenol contents than conventional blanching. Total plate count and total coliforms of blanched spinach significantly decreased, with conventional blanching showing less than 20-25% of microwave blanching. Nitrate content of blanched spinach also showed decreasing pattern, with decrease due to microwave blanching being lower, although not significantly, than that of conventional blanching.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.889-900
• /
• 2018

Characterization and utilization of the bioactive compounds from natural resources is one of the most concerns to maintain quality properties of foods, especially to prevent the oxidation of lipids in meat products. Phytochemical components and antioxidant activities of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) leaves extracted using various solvents and their effects on physicochemical properties of pork patties during refrigerated storage were measured. The combined solvents of 80% ethanol, 80% methanol and pure double-distilled (dd)-water obtained the higher total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activities as compared to the pure solvent alone. Among the individual antioxidant components, catechin was the predominant polyphenol in CT leaves in all extracts. The addition of CT leaves extracts into pork patties showed high antioxidant activities since thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of added CT extracts were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, CT leaf phytochemical components displayed antioxidant activity that varied with the extract solvent used. CT extracts were superior to control in retarding lipid oxidation of pork patties, which was evident as reduced TBARS and peroxide values (POV).

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.256-266
• /
• 2017

This study was designed to optimize ethanol extraction process of unfertilized corn silk (UCS) to maximize phytochemical contents and bioactivities. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The influence of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities and tyrosinase inhibition were analyzed. For all dependable variables, the most significant factor was ethanol concentration followed by extraction temperature and extraction time. The following optimum conditions were determined by simultaneous optimization of several responses with the Derringer's desirability function using the numerical optimization function of the Design-Expert program: ethanol concentration 80.45%, extraction temperature $53.49^{\circ}C$, and extraction time 4.95 h. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition were $2758.74{\mu}g\;GAE/g$ dried sample, $1520.81{\mu}g\;QUE/g$ dried sample, 810.26 mg/100g dried sample, 56.86% and 43.49%, respectively, and the overall desirability (D) was 0.74.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index Acanthopanax in eleven species of China and Korea. The phytochemical components from the berry of Acanthopanax species, were measured by the HPLC analysis. Protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, scopolin, rutin, hyperoside, chiisanoside, oleanolic acid were found in ethanol extracts from the berry of Acanthopanax species. Total phenolic compound of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis berry (0.682%) was about seven times higher than those of Acanthopanax divaricatus f. distigmatis berry (0.091%). As a result, the order of the eleutheroside E content was 1) Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis (0.554%), 2) A. divaricatus var. albeofructus (0.501%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.452%). And also, the order of the chiisanoside content was 1) Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (8.434%), 2) A. seoulense (0.94%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.798%).

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.238-249
• /
• 2018

The impact of methanol extract of Chaenomeles sinensis (C. sinensis) leaves on acid corrosion of low carbon steel was assessed by gravimetric and electrochemical methods. Phytochemical characterization by total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of the extract was performed. The TPC and TFC concentrations were identified as 193.50 and 40.55 mg/g. Efficiency increased remarkably in the presence of inhibitor and found as concentration dependent. A maximum inhibition efficiency of 93.19% was achieved using 2000 ppm of the C. sinensis inhibitor. Impedance and surface morphology analysis by SEM and AFM revealed that the anticorrosive activity results from the protective film of phytochemical components of C. sinensis extract adsorbed on the metal surface.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.667-671
• /
• 2003

The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Lentinus edodes extracts were determinated by spectrophotometrical .method, and antihepatotoxic activity was detected on glutathione S-Transferases(GST). The total phenolic contents was highest water extract than solvent(ethanol, methanol) extracts, but flavonoid content was appear on opposite. GST activity was the highest appears in water extract. This fact verified of anticancer effect indirectly of Lentinus edodes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.182-188
• /
• 2011

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental light-emitting diode (LED) light on growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling using LED blue (470 nm, B), red (660 nm, R), blue + red (BR), far red (740 nm, FR) and UV-B (300 nm) light treatment, and without artificial light. Photon flux of LED light was 49, 16, 40, 5.0 and $0.82{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ for B, R, BR, FR, and UV-B light, respectively, during experiment. Supplemental LED light duration was $16hr\;day^{-1}$ and UV-B light duration was 10 min. per day after sunset up to 15 days (12 days after germination) of plants age. In our research, growth characteristics and phytochemical content of pepper seedlings were greatly influenced by supplemental LED light compare to control treatment. Red light increased the number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf width and plant fresh weight by 34%, 27%, 50% and 40%, respectively. Blue light increased the leaf length by 13%, and stem length and length of inter node were increased by 17% and 34%, respectively under grown far red light. After 15 days of light treatments phytochemical concentrations of pepper plants were significantly changed. Blue light enhanced the total anthocyanin and chlorophyll concentration by 6 times and 2 times, respectively. Red light increased the total phenolic compound at least two folds meanwhile far red light reduced the ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity 31% and 66%, respectively compared to control treatment.