• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.87.2-87
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• 2003

Long-term repeated culturing of biocontrol agents on a certain medium often results in reduced biocontrol efficacy and altered physiology. Effect of culturing media on biocontrol ability and physiological state of Burkholderia gladioli strain B543 was investigated. Over 20 times repeated cultivation of B. giadioli strain B543 on Kings B medium or nutrient agar medium showed improved biological control of cucumber damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum, while one time cultivation on KB or NA did not. The repeated cultivation also induced the physiological changes of the biocontrol agent such as antifungal activity and the production of protease and siderophore. Our result indicates that adaptation to proper culturing medium can alter biocontrol ability and must consider in optimizing the use of biocontrol agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.70-71
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• 2005

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

Purpose: Many Korean college students suffer from physical inactivity and mental health problems. However, it has not been sufficiently reported how this lack of exercise and health-related behavior affect their health. The present study was performed to identify the relationships among physical activity level, health-promoting behavior, and physiological variables in Korean undergraduate and graduate students. Methods: Participants were 115 undergraduate and graduate students from one university in Seoul. The Pearson's correlation analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows. Results: Physical activity level had significant positive correlations with health-promoting behavior (r=.32, p=.001) and exercise self-efficacy (r=.25, p=.008), and health-promoting behavior had a significant correlation with depression (r=-.33, p<.001) and exercise self-efficacy (r=.44, p<.001). Additionally, physical activity level had significant correlations with triglyceride (r=-.20, p=.034) and vitamin D (r=.20, p=.029) levels. The high density cholesterol level had significant negative correlations with systolic blood pressure (r=-.33, p<.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=-.29, p=.002), and vitamin D (r=-.20, p=.035) levels. Conclusion: Physical activity level or health-promoting behavior had significant relationships with the health status of college students. Strategies need to be developed to improve health-promoting behaviors among college students.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of pain, self-esteem, perceived health status, and self-efficacy and its influencing factors in patients with chronic arthritis. The data were obtained from 104 patients with chronic arthritis registered in one university hospital in Seoul, from May to August, 2000. For analysing the data, SAS program was used for t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The variables which showed significant difference with pain were sex, number of painful joints. 2. The variables which showed significant difference with perceived health status were age, diagnosis. number of painful joints. 3. The variables which showed significant difference with self-efficacy were duration of disease, number of painful joints. quality of sleeping. 4. Moderate negative correlation were observed between pain and perceived health status, self-efficacy, and low positive correlation was observed between self-esteem and perceived health status. Also self-esteem revealed moderate positive correlation with self-efficacy, and moderate positive correlation was observed perceived health status and self-efficacy. 5. The predictors to explain self-efficacy were number of painful joints, self-esteem, duration of disease, duration of exercise and pain. These predictors explained $36.05\%$ of variance of self-efficacy. In conclusion, the nursing intervention to improve self-efficacy for chronic arthritis patients focused not only physiological symptoms such as pain. but also psychosocial factors such as self-esteem.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 2020

Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been used as a blood-nourishing tonic for thousands of years in Asia, including Korea and China. P. ginseng exhibits adaptogen activity that maintains homeostasis by restoring general biological functions and non-specifically enhancing the body's resistance to external stress. Several P. ginseng effects have been reported. Korean Red Ginseng, in particular, has been reported in both basic and clinical studies to possess diverse effects such as enhanced immunity, fatigue relief, memory, blood circulation, and anti-oxidation. Moreover, it also protects against menopausal symptoms, cancer, cardiac diseases, and neurological disorders. The active components found in most Korean Red Ginseng varieties are known to include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, alkaloids, polyacetylene, and phenolic compounds. In this review, the identity and bioactivity of the non-saponin components of Korean Red Ginseng discovered to date are evaluated and the components are classified into polysaccharide and nitrogen compounds (protein, peptide, amino acid, nucleic acid, and alkaloid), as well as fat-soluble components such as polyacetylene, phenols, essential oils, and phytosterols. The distinct bioactivity of Korean Red Ginseng was found to originate from both saponin and non-saponin components rather than from only one or two specific components. Therefore, it is important to consider saponin and non-saponin elements together.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematics self-efficacy test tool for elementary school students based on the sub-factors of mathematical self-efficacy derived from current studies. In this study, I verified the validity and reliability of the test tool by statistically evaluating the results of applying the test tool to the 3rd-6th grade students. In this study, Principal Component Analysis was performed on the tool for measuring the self efficacy of mathematics for elementary school students. For the validity test, the mathematics anxiety status of the participants was measured. The mathematics anxiety who were known to have a negative correlation with the mathematical self efficacy. The mathematics self efficacy tool developed in this study consists of 16 items with three subcategories: master experience, social persuasions, and emotional and physiological state. The mathematical self efficacy test tool developed in this study is expected to provide grounds for diagnosing the mathematics self-efficacy status of elementary school students and looking for ways to improve it.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.790-794
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of treating the pain among newborn infants associated with a medical procedure with sucrose with regard to overall physiological and behavioral stability. Methods: 103 newborn infants were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=63) did not receive any treatment. The experimental group (n=40) received 2 mL of 24% sucrose solution two minutes before a routine heel stick. The pain was assessed by measurements of physiological changes [e.g. pulse rate, oxygen saturation, salivary cortisol (hydrocortisone)] and behavioral changes [e.g. crying time, and the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) for neonates]. Results: There were no differences among the groups with respect to physiological changes associated with the pain from the procedure. However, there were significant group differences in behavioral changes to the pain. In the control group, the median crying time was 13 seconds, while in the experimental group, the median crying time was 3.5 seconds ($P$=.000). In the control group the median NIPS score was 4, while in the experimental group the median NIPS score was 2 ($P$=.000). Conclusions: These findings suggest that sucrose can be an effective method for the management of stress responses in infants with regard to behavior. However, this treatment had no significant physiological effects.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.108-122
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• 2001

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in selfefficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

In this study, the bio-phytoremediation and phytoremediation technologies were applied to the soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and heavy metals to evaluate the remediation efficacy from May 2012 to December 2013. Poplar (Populus bonatii Levl.) and Sun Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) were selected and planted in phytoremediation practice. These plants were also utilized in the bio-phytoremediation practice, with the addition of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and petroleum-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonos sp. NKNU01). Furthermore, physiological characteristics, such as photosynthesis rate and maximal photochemical yield, of all testing plants were also measured in order to assess their health conditions and tolerance levels in adverse environment. After 20 months of remedial practice, the results showed that bio-phytoremediation practice had a higher rate of TPH removal efficacy at 30-60 cm depth soil than that of phytoremediation. However, inconsistent results were discovered while analyzing the soil at 100 cm depth. The study also showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals was lower than that of TPH after remediation treatment. The results from test field tissue sample analysis revealed that more Zinc than Chromium was absorbed and accumulated by the tested plants. Plant height measurements of Poplar and Sun Hemp showed that there were insignificant differences of growth between the plants in remediation plots and those in the control plot. Physiological data of Poplar also suggested it has higher tolerance level toward the contaminated soils. These results indicated that the two testing plants were healthy and suitable for this remediation study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3737-3740
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• 2014

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most important symptom of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial curettage (EC) is the gold standard diagnostic procedure. We present the results of patients who underwent EC for AUB and the efficacy of progestin administration in those with endometrial hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: A total of 415 female patients who presented to Duzce Public Hospital in 2011-2012 for AUB and who underwent EC were included. We determined the reasons for AUB, and females with hyperplasia were treated with 10 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days/month or 160 mg/day megestrol acetate continuously for 3 months. We evaluated the efficacy of progestins for periods of three and/or six cycles by repeating EC. A statistical analysis of specific endometrial causes according to age of presentation was conducted using the chi-square test. Results: Among the 415 females (average age, 53.5 years) followed for 6 months, 186 had physiological changes (44.8%), 89 had simple hyperplasia (21.44%), 1 had atypical hyperplasia (0.2%), 6 had (1.44%) complex hyperplasia, 3 had (0.72%) atypical complex hyperplasia, and 5 had adenocarcinoma (1.2%). Regression rates were 72.7-100%, and the optimum results were observed after 6 months of hormonal therapy. Conclusions: The main cause of AUB was physiological change. Progestin therapy resulted in significant regression even in females with atypical hyperplasia.