• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2013

The authentication of the physico-chemical properties of ginsenosides reference materials as well as qualitative and quantitative batch analytical data based on validated analytical procedures is a prerequisite for certifying good manufacturing practice (GMP). Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1, representing protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides, respectively, are accepted as marker substances in quality control standards worldwide. However, the current analytical methods for these two compounds recommended by Korean, Chinese, European, and Japanese pharmacopoeia do not apply to red ginseng preparations, particularly the extract, because of the relatively low content of the two agents in red ginseng compared to white ginseng. In manufacturing fresh ginseng into red ginseng products, ginseng roots are exposed to a high temperature for many hours, and the naturally occurring ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 are converted to artifact ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rg5, Rh1, and Rh2 during the heating process. The analysis of ginsenosides in commercially available ginseng products in Korea led us to propose the inclusion of the (20S)- and (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3, including ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1, as additional reference materials for ginseng preparations. (20S)- and (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 were isolated by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography, recrystallization, and preparative HPLC. HPLC fractions corresponding to those two ginsenosides were recrystallized in appropriate solvents for the analysis of physico-chemical properties. Documentation of those isolated ginsenosides was achieved according to the method proposed by Gaedcke and Steinhoff. The ginsenosides were subjected to analyses of their general characteristics, identification, purity, content quantification, and mass balance tests. The isolated ginsenosides showed 100% purity when determined by the three HPLC systems. Also, the water content was found to be 0.534% for (20S)-Rg3 and 0.920% for (20R)-Rg3, meaning that the net mass balances for (20S)-Rg3 and (20R)-Rg3 were 99.466% and 99.080%, respectively. From these results, we could assess and propose a full spectrum of physico-chemical properties of (20S)- and (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 as standard reference materials for GMP-based quality control.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.283-293
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 금강 하구역 표층에 분포하는 점착성 퇴적물의 침식특성을 정량적으로 산정하고, 그 침식특성의 계절적 변화와 타 지역 침식특성 결과와의 비교/분석을 통한 공간적 변화를 해석하는데 있다. 또한 점착성 퇴적물의 침식특성은 퇴적물 자체의 물리 화학적 기본특성에 의해 크게 영향을 받으므로, 본 연구에서는 이러한 퇴적물의 기본특성이 침식특성에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 해석하였다. 침식실험은 균일저면 조건에서 1개 지점에 대해 계절별로(가을과 겨울) 4회씩 총 8회의 실험이 환형수조를 사용하여 수행되었으며 그 결과 저면밀도 $1.15{\sim}1.34g/cm^3$ 범위에서 침식한계전단응력(${\tau}_{ce.s}$)은 $0.12{\sim}0.36N/m^2$, 침식률 계수(${\varepsilon}_{M.S}$)는 $120.91{\sim}6.72mg/cm^2{\cdot}hr$ 범위의 값을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 산정된 침식특성 매개변수들은 다른 점착성 퇴적물(Okeechobee호, Kaolinite)과 비교해 정량적으로 상당한 차이를 보였으나 금강 하구역 내에서의 계절적 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.193-201
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to find out the effect of packing methods on physico-chemical properties of breast and thigh meats in chicken, which was dried by air spray chilling method. The chicken carcass was cut into breast and thigh muscles, which were either vacuum packed or atmosphere packed, and stored at -2O˚C for 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk after quick freezing at -45˚C for 35 min. The pH values of atmosphere-packed breast meat and vacuum-packed breast meat after one wk of storage were higher than those of atmosphere-packed thigh meat and vacuum-packed thigh meat(P< .05). The pH values increased as storage period extended, but no significant difference was detected between two packing method(vacuum vs. atmosphere). Total moisture contents of breast meats after one wk of storage were higher than those of thigh meats. The total moisture contents decreased slowly as storage period extended, but no significant difference was detected between two packing method(vacuum vs. atmosphere). The shear force value of thigh meat was higher than that of breast meat. The shear force values of both meats decreased as storage period extended, regardless of packing method. The water soluble protein extractability of thigh meats was higher than that of breast meat, and the water soluble protein extractability of all treatments decreased until 8 wk after storage, but increased gradually after 8 wk of storage period. The salt soluble protein extractability of breast meat was higher than that of thigh meat, and the salt soluble protein extractability of all treatments decreased as storage period extended. With regard to the packing method, the vacuum packing showed higher value than that of atmosphere packing method until 8 wk of storage. Total lipid contents of atmosphere- and vacuum-packed thigh meats at 1 wk of storage were higher than those of breast meats, and the total lipid contents of all of treatments decreased as storage period extended. However, no significant difference was detected between two packing methods. The fatty acid contents of breast and thigh meats were in order of o1eic(33,5~42.4), palmitic(19.7~30.8) and linoleic acid(10.8~17.4).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.358-362
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• 2002

본 연구는 한우뼈로 만든 탕의 품질에 대한 소비자의 요구에 부응하고 한우뼈의 부가가치 향상 및 소비 확대를 위하여 품종별에 따른 이화학적, 관능적 및 영양적 특성을 구명하여 비교하고자 실시였다. 탁도와 점도에서는 한우가 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), 명도에서는 한우가 유의적으로 더 밝았으며(P<0.05), 관능평가에서는 한우가 유의적으로 높은 평가를 받았다(P<0.05). 총질소, 칼슘함량 및 칼로리는 한우와 젖소 용출액이 수입소보다 유의적으로 높았고(P<0.05), 한우와 젖소간에는 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 아미노산 조성에서는 한우의 경우 methonine이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 품종간 비교에서는 한우뼈 용출액이 이화학적 특성, 관능특성 및 영양특성에서 우수한 것으로 나타나 우리나라 사람의 기호에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.139-159
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• 2018

Green Leaf Volatiles (GLVs) is a class of biogenically emitted oxygenated hydrocarbons that have been identified as a potential source of Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) via aqueous oxidation. The physico-chemical properties of GLVs are vital to understanding their fate and transport in the atmosphere via fog processing, but few experimental data are available. We studied the aqueous solubility, 1-octanol/water partition coefficient, and Henry's law constant ($K_H$) of five GLVs at $25^{\circ}C$: methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Henry's law constant was also measured at temperatures and ionic strengths typical of fog. Experimental values are compared to scarcely-available literature values, as well as estimations using group and bond contribution methods, property-specific correlations and molecular dynamics simulations. From these values, the partition coefficients to the air-water interface were also calculated. The large Henry's law constant of methyl jasmonate ($8091{\pm}1121M{\cdot}atm^{-1}$) made it the most significant GLV for aqueous phase photochemistry. The HENRYWIN program's bond contribution method from the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI Suite) produced the best estimate of the Henry's constant for GLVs. Estimations of 1-octanol/water partition coefficient and solubility are best when correlating an experimental value of one to find the other. Finally, the scavenging efficiency was calculated for each GLV indicating aqueous phase processing will be most important for methyl jasmonate.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2010

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with six physical traits of cooked rice and seven chemical properties of rice grain were identified using a recombinant inbred (RI) population of rice evaluated over 3 years at the National Honam Agricultural Research Institute in Korea. The RI population consisted of 164 lines derived from a cross between Milyang23 and Gihobyeo, and the genetic map consisted of 414 molecular markers. A total of 49 QTL were identified for the 13 physico-chemical properties using composite interval mapping. Of these, 13 QTL were identified for 2 or more years, while 36 were detected in only 1 year. Five QTL were identified over all 3 years and will be useful for marker-assisted improvement of rice grain quality in Korea. The two QTL with the highest LOD scores, adhesiveness1.2 and potassium content7.1, provide a valuable starting point for positional cloning of genes underlying these QTL.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 1998

Experiments were performed to find out the physico-chemical properties of milt, and morphological changes of cryopreserved spermatozoa in tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. The average number of sperm and spermatocrit in milt stripped were $9.81{\pm}0.34{\times}10^{10}/m{\ell}$ and $97.8{\pm}0.8$, respectively. While total lipid concentration from seminal fluid was higher than that from sperm, total protein concentration from sperm was higher than that from seminal fluid, Na and K concentrations in sperm and those in seminal fluid were similar each other, However, glucose from sperm and seminal fluid were not detectable. Spermatozoon of tiger puffer was consisted of head, middle Piece and tail. Size of head showing horseshoe shape was $0.65{\pm}0.10{\mu}m$ in diameter and $1.35{\pm}0.30{\mu}m$ in length. The head fully containing chromatin did not have acrosome. Mitochondrion in middle piece was $0.2{\mu}m$ in average diameter and flagellum showed 9+2 structure. A few of cryopreserved spermatozoa showed morphologically loose or swollen plasma membranes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2000

본 연구는 한우우소뼈로 만든 용출액의 품질에 대한 과학적인 자료를 제시하고 한우뼈의 부가가치 향상 및 소비 확대를 위하여 추출횟수별에 따른 이화학적, 관능적 및 영양적 특성을 규명하였다. 탁도, 점도 및 콘드리이친황산함량에서 추출횟수가 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소한 반면(P<0.05), 콜라겐 함량에서는 추출회수가 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 색도에서 명도는 추출회수가 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소한 반면, 적색도와황색도는 증가하였다(P<0.05) 관능평가에서 추출 회수가 증가할수록 평가가 유의적으로 낮았고 (P<0.05), 총질소, 나트륨, 칼슘 함량 및 칼로리는 추출회수가 증가할수록 2차추출까지 증가하다가 이후 유의적으로 감소하였다. (P<0.05)조직특성에서 추출전 대퇴골의 단면은 골수가 많이 분포하고 있으나 추출회수가 증가할수록 골수가 추출되어 3차 추출이후의 대퇴골 단면에는 골수 성분이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 이상의결과를 종합하여 볼 때 한우우소뼈로 설렁탕을 가정에서 제조시 3차까지 우려내는 것이 적당한 것으로 사료된다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2008

In order to understand the protein functions that are related to disease, it is important to detect the correlation between amino acid mutations and disease. Many mutation studies about disease-related proteins have been carried out through molecular biology techniques, such as vector design, protein engineering, and protein crystallization. However, experimental protein mutation studies are time-consuming, be it in vivo or in vitro. We therefore performed a bioinformatic analysis of known disease-related mutations and their protein structure changes in order to analyze the correlation between mutation and disease. For this study, we selected 111 diseases that were related to 175 proteins from the PDB database and 710 mutations that were found in the protein structures. The mutations were acquired from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). We selected point mutations, excluding only insertions or deletions, for detecting structural changes. To detect a structural change by mutation, we analyzed not only the structural properties (distance of pocket and mutation, pocket size, surface size, and stability), but also the physico-chemical properties (weight, instability, isoelectric point (IEP), and GRAVY score) for the 710 mutations. We detected that the distance between the pocket and disease-related mutation lay within $20\;{\AA}$ (98.5%, 700 proteins). We found that there was no significant correlation between structural stability and disease-causing mutations or between hydrophobicity changes and critical mutations. For large-scale mutational analysis of disease-causing mutations, our bioinformatics approach, using 710 structural mutations, called "Structural Mutatomics," can help researchers to detect disease-specific mutations and to understand the biological functions of disease-related proteins.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 금강 하구역 미세-점착성 퇴적물의 침강속도를 정량적으로 산정하고, 그 침강특성의 금강 하구 내에서의 지엽적 변화 및 계절적 변화와 타 지역 침강속도 결과와의 비교/분석을 통한 공간적 변화를 해석하는데 있다. 또한 실험분석을 통하여 점착성 퇴적물의 물리 화학적 특성 즉, 입경분포, 유기물함량, 광물질구성 등의 공간적 변화를 정량적으로 조사한 후, 이러한 특성들과 침강속도간의 상관관계 및 침강속도의 정량적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 해석하였다. 침강실험의 결과로서, 금강 하구역 미세점착성 퇴적물은 부유사 농도 값이 0.1 < C < 80 g/L에서 $0.01\;<\;W_{s}\;<\;1mm/sec$의 침강속도 값을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 산정된 침강 속도는 다른 지역(새만금, Tampa만, Severn하구, Okeechobee호)과 비교해 정량적으로 상당한 차이를 보였으나 금강 하구역 내에서의 지엽적 변화 및 계절적 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.