• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2012

This project analyzes distinct qualities of pearl cultured in Tongyeong by physical, chemical and optical test. The result is to provide scientific data for the value of pearl from Korean seawater. It divides one year pearl, which is used as a sample in the project, into white, natural blue and yellow gold colors, and then it has been divided into A, B and C based on the quality of the last results. A chemical experiment demonstrates that the higher quality has lower protein content of less than 10%. In another test called heavy metal content test, there is no big difference among classes. In the characterization of spectroscopy, it shows 280 nm peak indicated the conchiolin. It is clear that 407 nm, 430 nm and 460 nm peak are White group that are not in processed condition.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.513-525
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was intended to measure fatigue symptoms according to the quality of sleep among nurses working for an university hospital and to reveal its related factors. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were given to 397 nurses employed in an university hospital located in Daejeon City during the period from June 1st to July 31st, 2007. Results: The group with higher quality of sleep accounted for 78.1% of all the subjects and the one with lower quality, 21.9%. According to qualities of sleep, the fatigue symptom was determined to be significantly higher in the group with lower quality of sleep than its counterpart. On adjustment for quality of sleep, the level of fatigue symptom was significantly higher in the groups, than in each respective counterparts, who don't take regular exercises, who have few leisure time, who have lower level of subjective health status, who range ${\geq}$ 1 and < 10 years in job careers, who work in shifts, who reported that it is hard to get physical burden of work, who are satisfied with the job, who find themselves unfit to the job, who are considering quitting the job, who have higher job demand, who have lower job control, who have higher level of supervisor support, who have type A behavior pattern. Conclusion: The study results may explain that the fatigue symptom of nurses is highly associated with the quality of sleep independently of other variables and also with job-related characteristics independently of the sleep quality. In conclusion, to reduce the fatigue symptom of nurses, strategic efforts should be directed for programs to improve the quality of sleep and a proper job analysis.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.423-429
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• 2012

This study investigated purchasing practice and size satisfaction to offer basic data to establish a marketing strategy and produce down-aging clothes for females in their 40s-50s. For the data analysis, crosstabs, factor analysis, and one-way ANOVA were used. The results were as follows; first, middle-aged women were observed to purchase down-aging clothes "to look younger" and not purchase clothes "due to the lack of right sizes." For women who answered to 'not purchase clothes', they also acknowledged that they intended to purchase down-aging clothes in the future if the right size is available. Second, people in their early 40s significantly considered perceptual qualities such as fashion and brand names while people in their late 50s placed the most importance in practicality and wearability. For body shapes, people with overweight body types were found to significantly consider physical performance, practicality, and wearability. Third, the examination of purchase satisfaction levels by age groups showed that younger age groups had high satisfaction level for wear functionality related items that included size and activity however, the late 50s group had the lowest satisfaction level. Middle-aged women purchased clothes to look younger however, they simultaneously wear clothes that are plain and conservative or respectable and graceful. Therefore, the development of products reflect the analysis of designs that can help create a more youthful appearance and women's preferred styles are needed in addition to the establishment of a differentiated sizing system for middle-aged female consumers in the incorporation of the characteristics of middle-aged women's body parts.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 1982

The binder for hot mix type colored pavement must have the same physical qualities as the straight asphalt cement, but its color must not be dark-brown. We developed a kind of synthetic resin binder with light yellow color and confirmed its possibility as a binder for colored pavement through the several comparison tests between the straight asphalt cement concrete mixture and the mixture of binder and aggregate for colored pavement. For the pigment, it has been assured through tests that home products have the possiblities to be used. The binder has come to the stage of practical use through the trial mixing by asphalt mixing plant and the trial field placing. The mixing operation and the paving method of colored mixture are same as normal asphalt concrete mixture, but the quantity of pigment replaces that of mineral filler. The required content of pigment is decided by the trial mixing with other materials to be used.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.53-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to measure self images of public librarians who should increasingly take charge of services for children and young people through the semantic differential method and analyze its' general characteristics. According to the results of analysis public librarians have been satisfied with their works and believed that they are kind, fair and gentle. One the other hand, they have had negative self images such as no influence, neglect, poor and stuffiness. Therefore, the result show that public librarians consider their ability, quality and activity as positive images, but they have felt lack of the social consensus and affirmative evaluation of their role. So, we can see building a good physical environment and running great programs to create access of children and young people to the public libraries, demonstrating leadership among senior librarians are so important in order to beat the stereotype and improve their positive self images of their evaluation and role. It is also necessary to promote the new value and role of public libraries and librarianship and to enable retraining for cultivating their qualities as a teacher.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

The Characteristics of space are determined by several factors; however, the element that determines the physical characteristic of floors, walls, and ceiling is the structure. This study constructs a wall to analyze the direct effect that the layout of an exhibition wall has on the element of the wall followed by the structural process and visibility of descriptive analysis and examples of art museums that the shift from a perceptional wall to an experiential wall affected circulation. For elements and formation methods of the wall, first, it is made up of open and closed type exhibition spaces, and it can give abundance in qualitative space rather than a quantitative aspect. Secondly, the directivity of space changes according to the development of the visible axis, thus, directly affects the change in visibility. Thirdly, the difference between spatial structure and visual structure is the difference between the visual axis and spatial structure. The wall formation type followed by the combination method, the simple visible structure, which is the type that possesses the simple combination (Room, Zone, Cluster), repeatedly uses the same size of units of space that is orderly and has few spatial axes and the classification of simple type and simple cluster type, which has few visible axes, also exists. Also, with the complex structure of the maze type it displays the reiterated form of the cluster, which is the space with disorderly combination and has much visible axes and spatial axes. Also, these can be divided into three types: 1) Maze Cluster Type, 2) Cross Road Type, and 3) Open Flexible Type. These wall types lead the various changes in circulation, and even each of the arrangement qualities of the exhibitions should be researched according to its exhibition place type.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

For ships, heat resistant coating is applied on the aluminized steel pipe systems dealing with high temperature steam over $200^{\circ}C$. The coatings on these steam pipes should retain both heat resistance and anti-corrosion properties to provide long-term resistance against coating defects (rust, delamination and crack) under the harsh outdoor environment including repeated seawater wetting and condensation. Thus, it is important to improve the coating qualities and to reduce maintenance works for these steam pipe systems. In this study, five different commercial heat resistant coatings (A, B, C, D, E) were selected for evaluation. Various physical properties of these coatings were evaluated on the coatings applied on the aluminized steam pipes. FT-IR analysis was also employed to identify the factors contributing the degree of heat resistance and durability of each coating material. The results indicated that the heat resistance capacity of coatings increased with the increase of silicon content as well as the decrease of substituent content. Both products C and D showed the best coating qualifies, which can be standard coating systems for future steam pipe areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2015

An important factor in assessing the beneficial qualities of a city's intersection spaces can be measured by examining a pedestrian's approach to the space and calculating the openness observed in the overall design of adjacent buildings. These spaces are influential, since they offer opportunities for pedestrians to spend time and take in views of the surrounding environment. The intersection of horizontal components in cities such as Bundang-si and Suwon-si can provide a sense of openness or greenness. We believe that there is a need for careful analysis and study of such components, as defined by designations in Bucheon-si research, and that this study can give important insights for future urban planning and design. When assessing the openness of an intersection, a key variable is the reported rate of perforation, which factors into the greenness of a space. Because of the large and varied scope of this research, this rate is highly variable, as there were many differences between each site. In descending order of average ratios: Seongnam-si, 41.79% > Bucheon-si, 35.40% > Suwon-si, 30.42%. The data compared for each city was divided into study sites selected at downtown locations as well as in urban outskirts. Openness and greenness were analyzed at each downtown and outskirt site. A summary of the results shows a decreased openness average of -2.63% in downtown locations versus outskirt. The greenness ratios in urban outskirt areas were 4.86% greater than downtown locations on average. As it relates to the results of this analysis of openness, the comprehensive property zoning for each city was determined as a ratio of residential to commercial designations. This study analyzes view points within urban cross intersections in the downtown landscape. It presents basic data and research directions to promote a better environment with regard to openness, and consists of an analysis of the relationship between a variety of physical components.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

Purpose : The principal objective of this study was to develop adequate health promotion programs satisfying the needs of high school students by exploring a variety of factors that affected their participation in these programs. This research was also designed to serve as preliminary data for the development of health promotion programs that will encourage active student participation. Methods : The study used a descriptive correlational design. The study participants were 658 coeducational high school students in Seoul, consisting of 317 9th graders and 341 10th graders. For this study, 599 structured questionnaires were selected. The survey was conducted for the period from December 12, 2005 to December 23, 2005. Results : Overall, students surveyed in this research showed relatively active participation in health-promoting behaviors. Among 5 dimensions, interpersonal support received the highest score while health responsibility ranked the lowest. Another finding was that posture correction program enjoyed the strongest student participation (75.5%) followed by stress management program(70.1%) and weight control program (56.6%). On the other hand, the participation rates for no-drinking(12.9%), smoking cessation program(17.0%), and influenza prevention program(22.9%) were at the low end. Multiple logistic regression results indicate that the higher interpersonal support score of health promoting behaviors gets, the higher student participation becomes. Conclusion : The study demonstrated that student participation was determined by the nature of health-promoting programs, demographic characteristics and health related physical fitness. It also showed that the sub-scales of the programs played a bigger role in student participation. Keeping this in mind, a wealth of health-enhancing programs of distinguishing qualities need to be tailored to meet various needs of students. In addition, serious efforts should be made to motivate them to seek relevant health promotion programs.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1997

In fast grown softwood, there are very large changes in material properties going outward from the pith to bark such as anatomical, physical and mechanical characteristics. Some of variations in anatomical properties with annual ring were then examined from Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, which are major softwoods of plantation in Korea. The large variations of annual ring width during young age of tree tended to stabilize after 25year through the transitional period in 17~23year. The ring density was 1.5~2.4 in 1~10year period, and 3.5~6.3 in 30~35year period, in which juvenile and mature wood were certainly assumed to be formed, respectively. Variations of tracheid length showed functional relationships with annual rings as logarithm. Demarcation between juvenile wood and mature wood could be 16~19year, which was determined from increase rate of tracheid length of 0.2%. Cell wall thickness increased with increase of annual ring even though large variations were observed as well. Variations of cell wall thickness within species were pronounced in latewood than earlywood. The increase of cell wall thickness from juvenile wood to mature wood was predominant in Larix leptolepis as 2.0times, and least in Chamaecyparis obtusa as 1.1 times. Cell diameters showed trends of increase during young age of 1~15year, and consistent afterward. The variations of cell diameter between radial and tangential direction were greater in latewood, and most pronounced in Chamaecyparis obtusa.