• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of the knee flexor and extensor with ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Methods : A total of 18 subjects(Male 6, female 12) performed 4 lower extremity patterns of PNF and the activities of the vastus medialis oblique, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus ipsilateral sides were measured using electromyography. Results : During 4 lower extremity patterns of PNF, knee flexor and extensor muscle activity were significantly difference. Knee extensors were shown to be higher knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion combined pattern. Knee flexors were shown to be higher knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion combined pattern. Conclusion : We suggest that it is efficient to strengthening of knee extensors with ankle dorsiflexion and to strengthening of knee flexors with ankle plantar flexion. Also, for the functioning as toe standing, we have to choice appropriate movement pattern.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.73-87
• /
• 2002

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the functioning of the basal ganglia, a brain area that contributes to the control of movement. The disease is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger. The cells affected usually produce a neurotransmitter(a chemical that transmits nerver impulses) called dopamine, which acts with acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter, to fine-tune muscle control. In Parkinson's disease, the level of dopamine relative to acetylcholine is reduced, adversely affecting muscle control. When the supply of dopamine is depleted, the function of the basal ganglia is disrupted and its ability to control movement deteriorates. The result is that PD patients experience moderate rigidity, difficulty in initiating movements and slowness in executing them, and a rhythmical tremor at rest. Although the cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, genetic factors may be involved. About 3 in 10 people with the disorder have an affected family member. About 1 in 100 people over the age of 60 in the US have Parkinson's disease. And Parkinson's disease is slightly more common in men. The course of the disease is variable, but drugs may be the best effective in treating the symptoms and improving quality of life. But, The doctor may arrange physical therapy to help with physical mobility problems. It is important to continue to exercise and take care of your general health. Try to take a walk each day. Stretching exercises can help you maintain your strength and mobility. So, This papers will serve about the information of PD for clinical physical therapist. Finally, The aim of review is increasing approach method and technique for PD patients by the view of physical therapy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2000

Participants of this 1998 survey included 100 physical therapists working in hospitals located in Andong City. 77.7% of the participants were in their twenties and 20.2% in their forties. 46.4% of the participants were 3rd year students at a junior college, and 1.0% were college graduates. 67.6% of the participants had less than 5 years experience and 1.0% 16 years experience in their field. 59.6% of the participants were married. Regarding questions about occupational satisfaction, many of the participants replied "normal" for the first and third questions, and few answered "very much". Most of the participants answered "normal" for all the questions concerning their work environment with few replying "very much". With regards to awareness of the physical signs of fatigue, "occasionally, yes" were the most frequent answers. Regarding awareness of the psychological signs of fatigue, the similar proportions of participants answered "occasionally, yes" as that for "feeling nothing". Similarly, with regard to awareness of the neuro-sensitive signs of fatigue, there was a similar ratio of participants answering "occasionally, yes" and "feel nothing". It can be concluded that there are many causes of fatigue amongst physical therapists. Improvements in daily nutrition, mental health and general well-being are important in tackling these problems. It appears that fatigue amongst physical therapists may be cumulative and due to prolonged working hours To promote better daily functioning and early recovery from fatigue, appropriate assignments of working and resting hours are necessary. They would also benefit the prevention of symptomatic problems in the waist and shoulder.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.159-170
• /
• 2002

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the functioning of the basal ganglia, a brain area that contributes to the control of movement. The disease is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger. The cells affected usually produce a neurotransmitter(a chemical that transmits nerver impulses) called dopamine, which acts with acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter, to fine-tune muscle control. In Parkinson's disease, the level of dopamine relative to acetylcholine is reduced, adversely affecting muscle control. When the supply of dopamine is depleted, the function of the basal ganglia is disrupted and its ability to control movement-deteriorates. The result is that PD patients experience moderate rigidity, difficulty in initiating movements and slowness in executing them, and a rhythmical tremor at rest. Although the cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, genetic factors may be involved. About 3 in 10 people with the disorder have an affected family member. About 1 in 100 people over the age of 60 in the US have Parkinson's disease. And Parkinson's disease is slightly more common in men. The course of the disease is variable, but drags may be the best effective in treating the symptoms and improving quality of life. But, The doctor may arrange physical therapy to help with physical mobility problems. It is important to continue to exercise and take care of your general health. Try to take a walk each day. Stretching exercises can help you maintain your strength and mobility. So, This papers will serve about the information of PD for clinical physical therapist. Finally, The aim of review is increasing approach method and technique for PD patients by the view of physical therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Tai-Chi exercise (TCE) and resistance exercise (RE) when used as part of a community-based exercise program on improvement of physical function in elderly women with knee arthritis. Methods: Forty-seven women with knee arthritis participated in this study. They were assigned to one of two groups: the TCE group (n=22) or the RE group (n=25). Tai-Chi exercise and resistance exercise sessions were held for 1 hour per session, twice per week, for 8 consecutive weeks. At pre-treatment and post-treatment, subjects were tested using the following measurements: one-legged stand test (sec), a functional reach test (cm), a test of the strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles, determination of the pathway of center of foot pressure and vertical ground reaction force for stance phase at pre and post treatment time points. An independent t-test and a ${\chi}^2$ were used to determine the significance of differences between group means using SPSS 12.0. Results: After 8 weeks of participation in the exercise programs, there were significant improvements for both groups in joint pain, difficulty of performing activity, muscle strength of knee extensor and flexor. Also, vertical ground reaction force increased at the loading response phase for both groups. The RE group was significantly different from TC group on the eyes-closed one-legged stand test (sec). Conclusion: Tai-Chi exercise and resistance exercise programs improve physical functioning and reduce pain and locomotion difficulties.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.205-213
• /
• 2003

목 적: 본 연구에서는 집단인지행동치료의 장기적 치료효과를 평가해 보고자 하였으며, 12개월 추적 연구에서 환자들의 상위 최종상태기능을 예측해 볼 수 있는 치료적 변인을 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 공황장애로 진단받고 집단인지행동치료를 받은 329명의 환자들을 대상으로 12개월 추적 연구를 하였으며, 최종적으로 분석에 포함된 환자들은 236명이었다. 12개월 추적 연구에서 환자들의 최종상태기능을 확인하였으며, 상위 최종상태기능 집단(HES)과 하위 최종상태기능 집단(LES)을 판별해주는 변인을 알아보기 위해서, 치료 전의 임상적 변인을 대상으로 단계적 판별분석을 실시하였다. 결 과: 집단 인지행동치료를 실시한 후, 12개월 추적 연구 시 75%의 환자들이 상위 최종상태기능을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 12개월 추적 연구 시 상위 최종상태기능 집단과 하위 최종상태기능 집단을 판별해 주는 변수로 치료 전에 실시한 BDI(Beck Depression Inventory)와 BSQ(Body Sensation Questionnaire)가 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며, 정확 판별율은 69.2%였다. 결 론: 본 연구를 통하여 공황장애의 집단인지행동치료 이후에 12개월 이상 장기적으로 치료적 효과가 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 특히 치료 전, 후 변인을 대상으로 판별 분석을 실시한 결과, 우울감이 적고 신체적 증상을 덜 예민하게 경험하는 사람들일수록 인지행동치료의 효과가 장기적으로 잘 유지된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 정신장애인의 직업재활 평가도구를 확인하고 분석함으로써 작업치료 영역에서 임상적으로 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 정신장애인 직업재활 평가도구의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 문헌 검색은 Pubmed 데이터베이스를 사용하였으며, 분석 내용은 개발연도, 평가방식, 문항 수, 척도, 평가 문항을 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 각 평가 항목을 기능, 내적요인, 환경, 정신증상의 4가지 범주로 구분하여 각 평가도구의 평가 요소에 대해 파악하였다. 결과 : 검색어를 통한 Pubmed 검색 시 161개의 문헌이 검색되었고, 선정 방법에 따라 Griffiths Work Behavior Scale (GWBS), Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Work Behaviour Inventory (WBI), Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)의 7개 평가도구가 선별되었다. 모든 평가도구의 평가항목은 직무와 관련된 기능평가를 포함하였으며, 각 평가도구의 목적에 따라 내적요인, 환경, 정신증상에 대한 측정이 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 직업 기술은 신체, 인지, 사회기술, 대처능력 등 다양한 기능이 복합적으로 작용하는 기술이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분석한 기능, 내적요인, 환경, 정신증상의 4가지 요소가 포함될 필요가 있으며, 평가과정에서 발생하는 물리적 제약을 보완하기 위해 ICT 융합 평가도구의 개발함으로써 보다 효율적인 정신장애인 직업재활 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.52-67
• /
• 1996

As home care in developing and becoming part of the health care delivery system in Korea, it is necessary to examine the use of nursing diagnoses and related nursing interventions with a view to increasing the standardization of nursing recording. This study was done to examine the nursing diagnosis and related nursing interventions used in home care. Data were collected using a chart review of the nursing notes written for the home care given to 38 patients who had pulmonary diseases or traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries and who had received home care as part of a demonstration home care project in a college of Nursing in Seoul. Early on in the project discussions as to format and use to nursing diagnosis was done and a tool was developed based on Gordon's eleven functional catergories with the addition of categories to cover family and environment. This tool was used in the data collection. Data included nursing diagnosis, etiologies and interventions. Real numbers and percentages were used in the analysis. The results show that the most frequently used diagnoses were in the category of physical function (75.6%), followed by the category of emotional and social function (21.8%). The least frequently used category was the one for family and environment (2.6%). The order of the frequency of recorded nursing interventions was the same, 82.3% for physical function, 16.2% of emotional and social function and 1.5% for family and environment. Under the category of physical functioning the most frequently used nursing diagnoses were related to mobility (62.2%), nutrition (23.6%) and elimination (11.9%). The frequencies of nursing interventions for these three diagnostic categories were 69.8%, 16.0% and 10.8% respectively. For emotional and social functioning, the most frequently used diagnoses were for cognition-perception (37.1%), self-perception (30.6%) and perception of health (23.7%). The ordering of the frequency of nursing interventions varied slightly. The most frequently used interventions were for the category of self-perception (31.7%) followed by cognition-perception (24.1%) and perception of health (22.9%). Looking at individual diagnoses, it was found that within the categroy of physical functioning, the most frequently used diagnosis was "impaired physical mobility" (29.5%) and this diagnosis involved 43.9% of the interventions. This was followed by "ineffective breathing pattern" (19.4%) with 17.7% of interventions, and "alteration in nutrition, less than body requirements" (11.2%) with 8.1% of the interventions. For the emotional social category, noncompliance was the most frequently used nursing diagnosis (18.2%) with 19.2% of the interventions. This was followed by "anxiety" (13.4%) with 13.6% of the interventions and by "knowledge deficit" (13.4%) but with only 5.5% of the interventions. The other diagnoses and interventions did not follow this pattern of frequency. Although there were a large number of diagnostic and intervention events, the number of actual diagnoses and interventions used were relatively small ranging from six interventions for "knowledge deficit" to 40 interventions for "imparied physical mobility". From this it can be concluded that the results of this study could be used as basic data for the development of standardized charts with respect to nursing diagnosis and interventions for clients with pulmonary disease and clients with traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries. Interventions that were direct care activities (1178) were much more frequent that education (430), and assessment and observation (148). There were also few diagnoses or interventions related to the family and the environment. This suggests two areas that need to be developed in home care and that need to be considered in the development of standardized records for use in home care.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.5976-5985
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 장기요양서비스의 질 제고를 위해 장기요양서비스 이용 노인들의 신체적 및 정신적 기능 상태를 평가해 보고, 그에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 대전지역에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인 중 장기요양서비스 이용자 350명(재가급여 178명, 시설급여 172명)으로 하였으며, 자료 수집은 2011년 2월 16일부터 3월 31일까지의 기간 동안에 표준화된 무기명식 면접조사용 설문지를 사용하여 면접조사를 통해 이루어졌다. 연구결과, 재가급여 노인의 IADL과 MMSE-K는 시설급여 노인보다 유의하게 높았으나 ADL과 CES-D는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. ADL, IADL, CES-D 및 MMSE-K 상호 간의 상관관계를 보면, 재가 및 시설급여 이용노인 모두 ADL은 IADL 및 MMSE-K와 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, CES-D와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. IADL은 MMSE-K와 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, CES-D와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 다중회귀분석 결과 재가 및 시설 급여 이용 노인 모두 ADL과 IADL에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 변수로는 건망증 증상 유무, 규칙적 운동 및 MMSE-K가 선정되었다. 또한 CES-D와 MMSE-K는 주관적 건강상태, 건망증 증상 유무 및 IADL이 유의하게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과는 장기요양서비스 이용 노인들의 신체적 및 정신적 기능은 개인의 건강상태나 건강관련행위 특성과 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2009

The dissociative culture technique of Aplysia neuron is one of the key methods that have been used for studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal functioning. However, despite the advantages this method offers as an experimental model, its technical efficiency has had room for improvement. In this study, we examined certain putative factors that might affect the culture quality. The effects of neuronal damage induced by physical injuries, heat shock, and surface protein degradation were evaluated along with the correlation between the culture quality and animal behavior. As a result, we found that physical injury can be a critical factor that affects culture quality, whereas the heat shock and surface protein degradation had negligible effect on it. In addition, we discovered that siphon retraction time was not a good measurement for healthy neurons. Based on these findings, we suggest here an improved method in which the degree of physical injury is reduced by means of multiple protease treatment.