• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2006

Objectives : To determine the DNA sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of the Rehmannia glutinosa and analyze it phylogenetically Methods : Dried root of the Rehmannia glutinosa was ground with a mortar and pestle. Glass beads(0.5 mm in diameter), TE buffer and SDS solution were added to that. The mixture was vortexed vigorously and extracted with the mixture of phenol, chloroform and isoamyl alcohol and with the mixture of the chloroform and isoamyl alcohol. The nucleic acids were precipitated with ethanol and resuspended in TE buffer. Contaminating RNA was digested with RNAse A and the DNA was purified further with the Geneclean Turbo Kit. This DNA was used as a template for amplification of the 18S rRNA gene by PCR. The PCR product was cloned in the pBluescript SK II plasmid by blunt-end ligation and the DNA sequence of the insert was determined. This DNA sequence was analyzed phylogenetically by the BLAST program. Results and Conclusion : Vortexing the ground powder of the dried plant root with glass beads during cell lysis improved recovery of DNA. The DNA sequence of the Rehmannia glutinosa 18S rRNA gene was determined and deposited at the GenBank as the accession number DQ469606. Phylogenetic analysis of that sequence showed the relationship between the members of the family of Scrophulariaceae and also the close relationship of the Buddleja davidii to the members of the Scrophulariaceae family.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.325-329
• /
• 2014

The phylogenetic relationships of the 3 Neodiplostomum spp. (Digenea: Neodiplostomidae) occurring in Korea (N. seoulense, N. leei, and N. boryongense) were analyzed using the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. The adult flukes were recovered from Sprague-Dawley rats (N. seoulense) and newborn chicks (N. leei and N. boryongense) experimentally infected with the neodiplostomula from the grass snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus. The genomic DNA was amplified using specific primers, and the sequence of CO1 was obtained. According to the results, the pairwise similarity was 96.1% between N. boryongense and N. seoulense, but was 95.0% between N. boryongense and N. leei and 94.2% between N. leei and N. seoulense. The results demonstrated a closer phylogenetic relationship between N. seoulense and N. boryongense. This high relationship of N. seoulense and N. boryongense may be related to their similar morphologic features including the limited distribution of vitellaria and the presence of a genital cone. N. leei is distinct on the other hand with an extensive distribution of vitellaria and the absence of a genital cone.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.338-344
• /
• 2011

한국산 메꽃속 4종 1변종과 1종의 외군을 대상으로 종의 실체를 확인하고, 유연관계 및 진화경향성을 파악하기 위하여 분자계통학적 연구를 수행하였다. 메꽃속의 주요 형질로는 잎의 모양과 화관의 길이, 털의 유무 등이 있다. 하지만 잎의 형질에서 많은 변이 현상이 나타나고 있어 종 분류에 어려움이 있다. 분자계통학적 연구결과 갯메꽃이 하나의 분계조를 형성하여 가장 기부에 위치하였고, 애기메꽃과 큰메꽃의 ITS 지역과 psbA-trnH 지역에서는 독립적인 분계조를 형성하지 못하여 두 종의 관계가 명확하지 않았다. 따라서 두 종의 관계는 본 연구에 사용된 마커들로는 부족하며 앞으로 더 많은 개체와 다양한 마커들을 통한 연구가 수반되어야 한다. 메꽃은 선메꽃과 유집되어 유연관계가 가까운 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 극동지역 Oryzias latipes의 지리적 분포와 미토콘드리아 cytochrome b (cyt b)의 유전적 다양성과의 관계를 밝히기 위해 전국 9개의 지역에서 53개체를 채집하여 얻은 cyt b 염기서열과 GenBank에 등록되어있던 117개의 데이터를 종합하여 이를 142개의 haplotype으로 새로이 변환하였고, 이의 계통수를 작성 분석하였다. 분석 결과 극동지역 송사리는 3개의 haplogroup (A, B, C)으로 나뉘어지며, haplogroup A는 남한의 남한아지역을 중심으로 남한 전역에 분포하며, haplogroup B는 중국와 남한의 서한아지역에 걸쳐 분포하며, haplogroup C는 일본에만 분포하였다. Haplogroup A는 haplogroup B와 한반도내에서 지리적으로 가깝게 분포하고 있으나 계통적으로는 상당한 거리를 가지고 뚜렷하게 구별되었다. haplotype의 분지양상은 선행된 연구결과와 거의 일치하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The origin of Breeae Herba (So-gye) and Cirsii Herba (Dae-gye) is differently prescribed in Korean and Chinese modern pharmacopoeia. Since the similar morphological characteristics and chaotic plant names, moreover, the aerial part of Carduus crispus have been used as the Cirsii Herba. To develop a reliable method for correct identification of these herbal medicines and to evaluate the genetic relationship of these closely related plant species, we analyzed sequences of DNA barcode regions. Methods : Thirty-one samples of 6 medicinal plants (B. segeta, B. setosa, C. japonicum var. maackii, C. setidens, C. chanroenicum, and C. crispus) were collected from different habitate and nucleotide sequences of DNA barcode regions (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed after amplification using appropriate primers reported in previous studies. The nucleotides of species-specific authentic marker and phylogenetic relations were estimated based on the entire sequences of DNA barcodes by the analysis of ClastalW and UPGMA, respectively. Results : In comparative analysis of DNA barcode sequences, we obtained specific nucleotides to discriminate the medicinal plant of Breeae/Cirsii Herba in species level and evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of these species. Futhermore, we identified distinct marker nucleotides enough to authenticate respective species. These sequence differences at corresponding positions were avaliable genetic markers to determine the botanical origins of Breeae Herbal as well as Cirsii Herba. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish from unauthentic adulterants and substitutes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2017

The prevalence of cercarial infection in freshwater snails and their evolutionary trends were studied in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand. A total of 2,869 individual snails were examined for parasitic infections. The results showed that 12 snail species were found to host larval stages of trematodes with an overall prevalence of 4.7%. The infected specimens included 7 types at the cercarial stage; cercariae, megalurous cercariae, echinostome cercariae, furcocercous cercariae, parapleurolophocercous cercariae, virgulate cercariae, and xiphidiocercariae. Regarding molecular identification, ITS2 sequence data of each larval trematode were analyzed, and a dendrogram was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 10,000 replicates. The dendrogram was separated into 6 clades (order/family), including Echinostomatida/Echinostomatidae, Echinostomatida/Philophthalmidae, Opisthorchiida/Heterophyidae, Plagiorchiida/Prosthogonimidae, Plagiorchiida/Lecithodendriidae, and Strigeatida/Cyathocotylidae. These findings were used to confirm morphological characteristics and evolutionary trends of each type of cercariae discovered in Nakhon Nayok province. Furthermore, this investigation confirmed that the ITS2 data of cercariae could be used to study on phylogenetic relationships or to determine classification of this species at order and/or family level when possible.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.148-151
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 Phellinus linteus와 관련 담자균류 속간의 IGS I 영역의 분석에 기초한 분류체계를 정립하기 위해서 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 Phellinus linteus 균주의 IGS I 영역은 730 bp였고 다른 담자균류의 IGS I 영역과 비교시 5' 말단부위의 $1{\sim}280\;base$까지는 각 균주들간의 보존성이 높게 나타났으며 3' 말단부위로 갈수록 보존성이 감소하다가 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 담자균류의 IGS 영역에 대한 연구가 앞으로 진행된다면 ITS 영역의 비교와 더불어 새로운 계통분류지표로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2009

Bacteria were isolated from roots of plants belonging to family Solanaceae and Gramineae, inhabited in Dokdo island. Fifty six endospore-forming bacteria grown on tryptic soy broth (TSB) agar medium and 23 nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) grown on nitrogen free agar medium were isolated, respectively. The isolates were partially identified by analyzing the 16S rDNA and categorized into phylogenetic groups. The 16S rDNA sequences of each identified isolates were compared with sequences of each type strains to analyze phylogenetic relationship by phylogenetic tree. As a result, endospore-forming bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were classified into 4 and 6 lineage groups, respectively. Among these isolated, 18 were presumed to be novel species candidates based on the similarity (lower than 98%) analysis of the l6S rDNA sequences.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.776-783
• /
• 2008

In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of six duck populations by employing the genetic polymorphisms of 20 microsatellites. The parameters used in this study included number of alleles, average effective numbers of alleles (E) and average rates of heterozygosity of each population. The results showed that all the microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic except that the locus AJ515896 in Muscovy duck was 0. The average PIC (0.762), average h (0.7843) and average E (5.261) of the six duck populations were all high, indicating that the gene polymorphisms and genetic diversity were high. The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that the six populations in this study were all in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. The F-statistic analysis results showed the range of FST was from 0.0205 (AJ515895) to 0.2558 (AJ515896). The mean FST was 0.0936. Phylogenetic study revealed that Peking duck (Z1 and Z4), Shaoxing duck, Cherry Valley duck and Aobaixing duck were clustered in one group, while the Muscovy duck was clustered in one group alone. The phylogenetic relationships among different populations were in accordance with their breeding history and distribution. Our data suggested that the 20 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationships among duck populations.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2016

In this study, the phylogeny and morphology of Mycosphaerella nawae (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) were examined using Korean and Japanese isolates, to establish the phylogenetic relationship between M. nawae and its allied species. Korean and Japanese isolates of M. nawae were collected from circular leaf spot-diseased leaves and were confirmed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using multiple genes, including the ITS region, 28S rDNA, ${\beta}-tubulin$, translation elongation $factor-1{\alpha}$, and actin genes. Our results revealed that M. nawae is closely related to members of the genus Phaeophleospora but are distant from the Ramularia spp. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed pseudothecia on the adaxial and abaxial surface of overwintered diseased leaves (ODL) and only on the abaxial surface of diseased leaves. Ascospores are oval to fusiform, one-septate, tapered at both ends, $1.7{\sim}3.1{\times}8.1{\sim}14.1{\mu}m$, and were observed in ODL. Conidia are oval, guttulate, one-septate, $3.5{\sim}4.9{\times}12.8{\sim}19.8{\mu}m$, and barely discernable on 30-day cultures. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the phylogeny of M. nawae, which is closely related to the genus Phaeophleospora, especially P. scytalidii.