• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 2003

To understand environmental paths of the transport and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a single cell multimedia fate model has been constructed and evaluated. The EDCs of concern were PAHs, Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), PCBs, Alkyl phenols, and phthalates. An evaluation model was designed for the multimedia distribution, including air, water, soil, sediment and vegetation. This model was verified using reported values and via monitoring data. Based on collected data, the distribution trends of EDCs with respect to environmental media were analyzed. Those results have applied to the model for the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of EDCs in Seoul. Especially, phenol compound, phthalates, PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were estimated and the model was verified. This model was successfully conducted to environmental media, such as air (vapor and suspended particles), soils (forest soil, bare soil, and cement-concrete covered soil), water (dissolved and suspended solids), sediment, trees (deciduous and coniferous). The discrepancies between the model prediction and the measured data are approximately within or near a factor of 10 for the PAHs of three rings through that of six rings, implying that multimedia distribution of the PAHs could be predicted with a factor of 10. Concerning about the air equilibrium may be assumed, a fugacity at steady state is similar in all environmental media. Considering the uncertainties of this model, the use of equilibrium models may be sufficient for assessing chemical fates. In this study, a suggestion was made that modeling and estimation of chemicals in environmental multimedia be rigorously evaluated using the measured flux data. In addition, these data should be obtained, for example, from the precise and standardized inventory of the target chemicals. The model (EDC Seoul) will be refined in an on-going research effort and will be used to support decision-making concerning the management of EDCs.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.1332-1339
• /
• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 310종 다성분 동시분석법을 이용하여 영산강유역 생활하수처리장 방류수에서 유기오염물질의 분포특성을 연구하는 것이다. 그 결과, 5개 시료채취지점에서 많은 유기오염물질이 검출되었고 그 중 농약류, CH구조의 벤젠류와 다환방향족화합물 그리고 CHO구조의 페놀류와 프탈레이트류 화합물이 주요오염물질로서 검출되었다. 특히, 14종의 농약류가 주로 여름철에 방류수에서 검출되었다. 1-Chlorobenzen과 p-octylphenol은 각각 $0.52{\sim}0.61\;{\mu}g/L$과 $0.04{\sim}0.89\;{\mu}g/L$ 농도범위를 가지고 빈번히 검출되는 오염물질이다. 또한, 5개 시료채취지점에서 diethylphthalate를 포함한 18종의 내분비계교란물질이 관찰되었다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과로부터 우리는 영산강유역 생활하수처리장 방류수에서 농약류와 CH, CHO구조를 가진 화학물질들에 대해 특별 관리가 이루어져야 한다고 생각한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Excluding in their homes, children spend most of their time at an elementary school, daycare center, and/or kindergarten. For educational or recreational purposes, they make use of many children's goods at these places. Some children's goods contain phthalates and heavy metals with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), so due to their physiological and behavioral characteristics children are exposed to high concentrations of phthalates and heavy metals. This study aims to measure PVC and heavy metals, which are harmful substances in children's goods which can have an effect on children's health. Methods: Six samples of children's goods were selected through cases of detected harmful substances and the results of previous research, including assembly blocks, model toys, household toys, bags, indoor play equipment, and floor mats. The selected items were measured using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and the presence and content of environmentally harmful substances such as PVC or heavy metals in the materials of children's goods were examined. Results: The highest detection rate for PVC was observed in floor mats, and bags and indoor play equipment were higher than other goods in this regard. The highest detection rate for heavy metals was found in bags, followed by indoor play equipment, assembly blocks, household toys, model toys and floor mats. Except for bags containing heavy metals, five goods showed the highest level of Pb compared to other heavy metals. Floor mats contained the highest level of Pb, Cr, and Cu among all goods. Conclusion: Many children's goods contain PVC and heavy metals, and high levels of heavy metals have been detected in some goods. It is necessary to manage children's goods to support their health.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.1253-1268
• /
• 2014

This study was investigated twenty two hazardous chemicals compounds for effluents of nine sewage treatment plants (STPs) and one waste water treatment plant (WWTP) in the Nakdong Ri-ver Basin. They are eleven phthalates(DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, BEEP, DNPP, DHP, DCP, DEHP, DNOP, Dinonyl phthalate, seven aliphatic hydrocarbons(n-Tridecane, n-Tetradecane, n-Pentadecan-e, n-Hexadecane, n-Heptadecane, n-Octadecane, n-Nonadecane, Isoquinoline, 2-Chloropyridine, 2-N-itrophenol, and Benzophenone. The twenty two compounds were analyzed by gas chromatograp-hy mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Twenteen of twenty two subs-tances were detected. They were DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, n-Tetradecane, n-Pentadecane, n-Heptadecane, n-Octadecane, n-Nonadecane, Isoquinoline and Benzophenone. Among these, DEHP, DEP and Benzophenone were most frequently observed. They were obtained as $ND{\sim}36.881{\mu}g/L$, $ND{\sim}0.950{\mu}g/L$, $ND{\sim}2.019{\mu}g/L$, respectively. When the substances were calculated the average concentration at 10 points, the maximum average detection concentration was investigated at the Dalseocheon STP.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.360-368
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Phthalates are used in a large variety of products including as coatings of pharmaceutical tablets, film formers, stabilizers, dispersants, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. They have been the subject of great public concern in recent years. The extensive uses of this material have attracted attention and issues regarding its safety have been raised. Methods: In this study, three types of phthalate skin permeation were studied using matrixes such as ointments, creams and lotions in vitro. The absorption of phthalate diesters [Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Di-n-propyl phthalate (DPP) and Di-n-pentyl phthalate (DNPP)] using film former has been measured in vitro through rat skin. Epidermal membranes were set up in Franz diffusion cells and their permeability to PBS measured in order to establish the integrity of the skin before the phthalates were applied to the epidermal surface. Results: Absorption rates for each phthalate ester were determined and permeability assessment made to quantify any irreversible alterations in barrier function due to contact with the esters. Types of phthalate in vitro experimental results quickly appeared in the following order DMP > DPP ${\geq}$ DNPP. Conclusions: In the experimental results, lotion> cream> ointment, and the permeation rate of lotion with a great amount of moisture was the fastest. Skin permeation rate is generally influenced by the chemical characteristics of a given chemical, such as molecular weight and lipophilicity. As the esters became more lipophilic and less hydrophilic, the rate of absorption decreased.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 학교 주변 문방구에서 쉽게 구입할 수 있는문규류 4개 제품군(연필, 지우개, 노트, 색종이) 22종의 학용품을 조사대상 시료로 선정하여 환경보건법의 환경유해인자로서 관리되고 있는 프탈레이트 8종의 함유특성을 파악하였다. 본 연구결과 조사대상 8종의 프탈레이트류 중 Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) 및 Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP)는 모든 시료에서 검출한계 미만(불검출)으로 나타나 문구류에서는 사용하고 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. A군의 경우에는 일부 시료에서 Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) 및 Diisononyl phthalate (DINP)가 22%~28% 검출되었으며, A-1, A-3 및 A-4의 시료에서는 DINP가 각각 28%, 24% 및 28% 검출되었으며, B군은 조사대상 시료 6건 모두 규제농도인 1,000 ppm 이하로 검출되었다. 또한, C-2 시료에서 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)가 1% 검출되었으며, C-1 및 C-6 시료에서 DEHP가 0.3% 정도 검출되었으며, D-3 시료에서 Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)가 0.1% 수준으로 검출되었다. 본 연구결과 조사대상 프탈레이트류 중 DINP는 주로 지우개에서만 가장 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 지우개는 저학년일수록 많이 사용하는 학용품으로 피부 접촉을 통해 노출될 가능성이 큰 물질인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.3276-3286
• /
• 1994

In most direct contact liquid-liquid heat exchangers, oil or hydrocarbon with a density less than water is normally used as dispersed working fluid. The main difficulty that arises with this arrangement lies in the control of the interface at the top of the column. When it is connected with a solar collector which uses water as its working fluid, the main difficulties arise from the fact that the water can be frozen during winter time. In order to solve these problems and to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a direct contact liquid-liquid heat exchanger, liquids heavier than water with low freezing temperature has been utilized as dispersed phase liquids in a small laboratory scale model made of pyrex glass. In the present investigation, dimethyl phthalate(C/sub 6/H/sub 4/)COOCH/sub 3/)/sub 2/) and diethyl phthalate (C/sub 6/H/sub 4/(CO/sub 2/C/sub 2/H/sub 5/)/sub 2/) are utilized as heavy dispersed phase working fluids. The results of the present investigation the technical in the utilization of heavier dispersed working liquid in the spray-column liquid-liquid heat exchanger for a solar system. The overall average temperature difference along the column is found to be almost half of the initial temperature difference between the dispersed and the continuous phase. Despite the fact that the two phthalates tested in the experiment differ significantly in some of their physical properties, the volumetric heat transfer coefficients in terms of dispersed fluid superficial velocities were found to be similar for both phthalates tested.

• 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2018

Phthalate is an endocrine disruptor that interferes with homeostasis and developmental regulation. It is highly toxic to the environment and is associated with various diseases of the human body. Using biological samples from 140 adult subjects, to evaluate the influencing factors which are related to contaminant concentration levels, we used correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Lastly, in order to analyze the health effects related to exposure to phthalates, we conducted a risk assessment by estimating acceptable daily intake exposure according to the influential factors. When we compared the concentration level according to influential factors, in general, the subjects who had engaged in home remodeling work had higher urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations levels than the subjects who had not engaged in home remodeling work. We can confirm statistically significant differences in DBP metabolites. In addition, we can confirm the concentration appeared higher in the categories such as using air freshener, sofa and foods. Through conducting a risk assessment of DEHP, BBzP, DiBP, and DnBP by using data on phthalate metabolite concentration in urine, it was found that the average concentration of all metabolites did not exceed TDI.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2013

This review surveys the recent literature on the neurodevelopmental impacts of chemical exposures during pregnancy. The review focuses primarily on chemicals of recent concern, including phthalates, bisphenol-A, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and perfluorinated compounds, but also addresses chemicals with longer histories of investigation, including air pollutants, lead, methylmercury, manganese, arsenic, and organophosphate pesticides. For some chemicals of more recent concern, the available literature does not yet afford strong conclusions about neurodevelopment toxicity. In such cases, points of disagreement among studies are identified and suggestions provided for approaches to resolution of the inconsistencies, including greater standardization of methods for expressing exposure and assessing outcomes.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.64-66
• /
• 2011

Most fungi possess several hydrogen peroxide-generating enzymes, glucose oxidase and pyranose oxidase. Pyranose oxidase can use glucose as its substrate to generate hydrogen peroxide. White rot fungi, which degrade diverse recalcitrant compounds, contain lignin-degrading enzymes, and lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase require hydrogen peroxide for their enzymatic reactions. In this study, we isolated a cDNA fragment of pyranose oxidase from Phlebia tremellosa using PCR and examined its expression under the degradation conditions of diethylphthalate (DEP). Pyranose oxidase expression was enhanced up to 30% by the addition of DEP, and this result supports the possible involvement of pyranose oxidase in the degradation of recalcitrant compounds.