• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.426-431
• /
• 2017

Some phototoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles ($TiO_2$ NPs) has been reported in recent years in studies with fish embryos or larvae. However, it is necessary to focus on the potential effects of embryonic exposure due to irreversible abnormalities and mortalities observed in sac-fry, and to expand various fish embryos to generate multiple test species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of $TiO_2$ NPs under different irradiation conditions in exposed Oryzias latipes (O. latipes) at the embryonic and sac-fry stages. The effects of different irradiation conditions were observed using ultra-violet (UV) and visible light, and the corresponding effects were monitored by determining cumulative mortality and abnormality. O. latipes were exposed for 8 d to 0, 1, 5, 10, or 50 mg/L $TiO_2$ NPs under UV ($4,818.86mW/m^2$ at the bottom of clear vials) or visible light, after which the embryos were transferred to NP-free embryo-rearing solution until 16 days post fertilization (dpf). Abnormalities of embryos and sac-fry increased at high $TiO_2$ NP concentrations under UV irradiation, compared to control samples treated with visible light or UV irradiation alone. This work provides information regarding the phototoxicity of $TiO_2$ NPs using O. latipes at the embryonic and sac-fry stages.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 1992

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ascorbic add on their phototoxicity of four phenothiazine derivatives such as chloropromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and thioridazine. Effects of the test compounds on RBes were monitored with a spectrophotometer by the method of Kahan et al. The extent of photohemolysis by chlorpromazine, perphenazine and thioridazine were decreased with the use of ascorbic acid. It was observed that toxic photoproducts were formed by chlorpromazine and thioridazine with preirtadiated. Although red blood cell hemolysis by preirradiated chlorpromazine was decreased with the use of ascorbic acid but thioridazine was not changed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 1997

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.155.1-155.1
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.122.1-122.1
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2012

As nanotechnology is a key industry, there is growing concern relating to the potential risk of nanoparticles. They are known to be released into the environment via various exposure routes. When nanoparticles are present in water environments, they are supposed to be illuminated by ultraviolet light, and the ecotoxicity of photoactive nanoparticles may be changed. In this study, a review of the ecotoxicity of photoactive nanoparticles, including the mechanisms of phototoxicity, are presented. In order to address this issue, studies on the ecotoxicity to soil and water organisms exposed to photoactive nanoparticles were investigated. The photoactive nanoparticles chosen for this study were zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and fullerene. Microorganisms, nematode, earthworm, algae and fish, etc., were chosen to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles using diverse methods. However, studies on the phototoxicity potentially induced by nanoparticles on UV illumination have been reviewed in only 8 studies. From a few studies, photoactive nanoparticles have shown high dissolution rates under UV conditions, with the released ions observed to profoundly influence test organisms. In addition, NPs exposed to UV produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can induce oxidative stress in exposed organisms. Evidence of phototoxicity by nanoparticles were found based on previous studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
• /
• 2000.12a
• /
• pp.51-51
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.112-112
• /
• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.106-106
• /
• 2003

Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are acutely toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms in the presence of environmentally realistic intensities of solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR). The phototoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs through photodynamic activation of PAH compounds. Oxygen molecules react as quenchers with excited triplet states of PAHs producing reactive oxygen species (ROS).(omitted)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.56
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 1997

Interview survey and dermatological examination have been performed to investigate the health problems of workers continuously exposed to coal-tar pitch. The phototoxicity of coal-tar pitch was confirmed by the photopatch tests for six healthy adults. The main results are followings; 1. There was no special history of allergic diseases in both the exposed and non-exposed group. 2. The frequency of the phototoxic dermatosis and the coal-tar acne in the exposed group was significantly greate.(p<0.05) than that of the control group. In the exposed group, the phototoxic dermatosis and the coal-tar acne were observed in nine workers(90%) and seven workers(70%), respectively. However, those, disease were not observed in the control group. 3. Five results(83%) were positive to the photopatch test for coal-ta. pitch 48 hours after UVA irradiation. But the lesion was subsiding 72 hours after UVA irradiation. 4. Malignant cancers were not reported among workers ever exposed to coal-tar pitch. In conclusion, it appears that workers exposed to coal-tar pitch have high risks of phototoxic dermatosis and coal-tar acne. A health policy should be provided to prevent phototoxic dermatosis among coal-tar pitch workers. More studies are required to determine malignancy.