• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.64-69
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• 1999

This study was carried out the removal of Cr(VI) which was known to the toxic pollutant in industry using the process of UV and TiO$_2$ photocatalyst in a circular type reactor. In this experiment, the series of photocatalytic process for the removal of Cr(VI) has been selected as a model reaction in a circular type reactor in order to obtain the basic data on the influence of various experimental parameters such as circulation flow rate, pH of solution, initial Cr(VI) light illumination and TiO$_2$ dosage, and salicylic acid concentration. The results of this study were as follows; 1. With both UV light illumination and TiO$_2$ present, Cr(VI) was more effectively eliminated than with either UV or TiO$_2$ alone. 2. As the circulation flow rate of solution increased, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was increased. However, over 2.4 l/min of circulation flow rate, the efficiency wa limited. 3. A increase in the photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) was noticed with decreasing pH. 4. An increase in the photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) was noticed with decreasing Initial Cr(VI) concentration and first order kinetics was observed from the result at different initial concentration of Cr(VI). 5. Photocatalytic removal efficiency of Cr(VI) increased with increasing TiO$_2$ dosage. However, over 1.0 g/l of TiO$_2$ dosage, the efficiency reached a plateau. 6. As low concentration of saliculic acid were added, there was an increase in the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). However, over 300 mg/l of salicylic acid, the efficiecy was decreased. It eas found that application of photocatalysis to water treatment that contains both Cr(VI) and salicylic acid was possible.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

For the production of functional $TiO_2$-biodegradable plastic (polybutylene succinate:PBS) composite material with photocayalytic activity, we attempted to prepare $TiO_2$ coatings on PBS substrate by HVOF and plasma spraying techniques under various conditions. The microstructures of coatings were characterized with SEM and XRD analysis, and the photocatalytic efficiency of coatings was evaluated by the photo degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde. The effects of primary particle size and spraying parameters on the formation behavior, photocatalytic performance of the coatings have been investigated. The results indicated that for both the HVOF sprayed $P_{200}$ and $P_{30}$ coatings, the high anatase ratio of 100% can be achieved regardless of fuel gas pressure. On the other hand, the HVOF sprayed $P_7$ coating exhibited a largely decreased anatase ratio (from 100% to 49.1%) with increasing the fuel gas pressure, which may be attributed to much higher susceptibility of heat for 7 nm agglomerated powder. HVOF sprayed $P_{200}$ and $P_{30}$ coatings show better performance as compared to that of plasma sprayed $P_{200}$ coatings owing to the higher anatase ratio. However, the HVOF sprayed $P_7$ coatings did not show the photocatalytic activity, which may result from the extremely small reaction surface area to the photocatalytic activity and low anatase ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

The photocatalyst of $TiO_2$ coated on a fly ash composites (TCF) was prepared from precipitant dropping method to remove the acetaldehyde by photocatalytic reaction. The TCF were characterized by crystal aize, crystal structure and specific surface area. The photodegradation of acetaldehyde has been investigated using a UV-illuminated fixed photocatalytic reactor with TCF catalyst and P-25 catalyst in gas phase. The effect of photodegradation reaction conditions, such as initial concentration of acetaldehyde, concentration of oxidant in mixed gas and the light intensity on the photodegradation of acetaldehyde were investigated. P-25 catalyst showed the highest photodegradation of acetaldehyde and anatase $TiO_2$ coated TCF showed higher decomposition rate than rutile coated TCF. The photodegradation rate of acetaldehyde increased with the decrease of flow rate, initial concentration of acetaldehyde ($C_i$) and water vapor, however, it was increased with the increas of UV light intensity. The optimum conditions were weight of TCF=10 g, flow rate=50 ml/min $C_i$=100 ppm, concentration of oxygen=20%, concentration of water vapor=100 ppm.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.289-293
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• 2017

$Y_2Ti_2O_7$ nanoparticles (0.3 mol%) have been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation process. The samples, adjusted to pH7 with ammonia solution as catalyst and calcined at $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$, exhibit very fine particles with close to spherical shape and average size of 10-30 nm. It was possible to control the size of the synthesized $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ particles by manipulating the conditions. The $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ nanoparticles were coated on a glass substrate by a dipping coating process with inorganic binder. The $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ solution coated on the glass substrate had excellent adhesion of 5B; pencil hardness test results indicated an excellent hardness of 6H. The thickness of the thick film was about $30{\mu}m$. Decomposition of MB on the $Y_2Ti_2O_7$ thin film shows that the photocatalytic properties were excellent.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.2849-2853
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• 2010

A method to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide by modification with a sensitizer and a metal oxide is proposed. To achieve this goal, we used metal oxides as dopants. In particular, $CaWO_4$ and $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb were used because their 2.6 eV and 2.2 eV band gap energy and optical properties have a large positive effect on photocatalysis. The improvement in the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ modified with $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb under ultraviolet light irradiation is described in a previous study. The present work focuses on the sensitization of metal oxide-modified $TiO_2$. Having observed the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide in the wide visible-light region from 400 nm to 650 nm and the broad peaks in its photoluminescence spectra at 695 nm and 717 nm, we decided to use this perylene dye to sensitize modified $TiO_2$ to enhance its activity as a visible-light harvesting photocatalyst. We also explored the positive effects thin-film surface changes stemming from ultraviolet pre-treatment have on photocatalytic activity. Finally, we subjected several metal oxide-modified $TiO_2$ products sensitized by the perylene dye to ultraviolet pre-treatment, obtaining the most active photocatalysts.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.461-468
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• 2012

This study focuses on the difference of photocatalytic activity depending on crystal structure type of nanoparticles ($TiO_2$) and nanotubes (TNT). The photodecomposition of 2-chlorophenol on the synthesized $TiO_2$, Sn-impregnated $TiO_2$, TNT, and Snimpregnated TNT were evaluated. The characteristics of the synthesized photocatalyts, TNT, Sn/TNT, $TiO_2$, and Sn/$TiO_2$ were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and cyclic voltammeter (CV). The water-suspended 2-chlorophenol photodegradation over $TiO_2$ (anatase structure) catalyst was better than that over pure TNT. Particularly, the water-suspended 2-chlorophenol of 10 ppm was perfectly decomposed within 4 h over Sn/$TiO_2$ photocatalyst.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.589-596
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• 2002

Photocatalytic degradation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon, which are extensively used as an organophosphorous pesticide in the agriculture field, has been investigated with UV-radiated TiO$_2$ in aqueous phase. Photodegradation rate was increased with increasing pH of the solution. The removal efficiencies of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were 100% after 200 min in pH 9. Photodegradation followed a pseudo-first-order reaction. The rate constants of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were 0.0160min$\^$-1/ and 0.0180min$\^$-1/, respectively. NO$_3$$\^$-/, PO$_4$$\^$3-/, SO$_4$$\^$2-/ and Cl$\^$-/ were found as end products on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon with TiO$_2$/UV.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.839-844
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• 2008

$TiO_2$ is an environment-friendly semiconducting material, and it has photocatalytic and hydrophilic effect. There are a lot of reports on the photocatalytic characteristics of $TiO_2$, such as organic pollutants resolving, anti-bacterial, and self-purification material. In this paper, $TiO_2$ micron-sized powders were deposited on the glass by room temperature powder spray in vacuum process, so called aerosol deposition (AD), and nano-grained $TiO_2$ photocatalytic thin films were fabricated. The thickness of the films were controlled by changing the number of deposition cycle. Morphologies and characteristics of the AD-$TiO_2$ thin films were examined by SEM, TEM, XRD, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. As the thickness of $TiO_2$ films increased, surface roughness increased. By this increment, the reaction area between film and pollutant was enlarged, resulting in better photocatalytic property.

• Carbon letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2007

[ $TiO_2$ ]ACF composites were prepared by the electrochemical method with Titanium (IV) n-butoxide (TNB) electrolyte under different electrochemical operation time. The BET surface area for $TiO_2$/ACF composites decrease with the increase of electrochemical operation time. There is a single crystal structure which is anatase in all of the samples from the data of XRD. The SEM micrphotographs of $TiO_2$/ACF composites show that the $TiO_2$ particles were well mixed with the ACF. There are O and P with strong C and Ti peaks in all samples from EDX results, and it also shows that a decrease of the C content with a increasing of Ti content with increasing of the electrochemical operation time in the over all composites. DSC cures show that the exothermic peak of all composites at $560^{\circ}C$ represents the transformation heat of amorphous parts to anatase phase and the discontinuous grain growth of the transformed anatase particles. Finally, the excellent photoactivity of $TiO_2$/ACF composites (especially, ACFT10) could be attributed that the decrease of concentration of MB can be concluded to be much faster for the adsorption by ACF than for photocatalytic decomposition by $TiO_2$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2006

Pitch-coated anatase $TiO_2$ typed was prepared by $CCl_4$ solvent mixing method with different mixing ratios. Since the carbon layers derived from pitch on the $TiO_2$ particles were porous, the pitch-coated $TiO_2$ sample series showed a good adsorptivity and photo decomposition activity. The BET surface area depends on the pitch contents, which was made by changing the mixing ratios of the pitch with the raw $TiO_2$. The SEM results present to the characterization of porous texture on the pitch-coated $TiO_2$ sample and pitch distributions on the surfaces for all the materials used. From XRD data, a weak and broad carbon peak of graphene with pristine anatase peaks were observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns for the pitch-coated $TiO_2$. The EDX spectra show the presence of C, O and S with strong Ti peaks. Most of these samples are richer in carbon and major Ti metal than any other elements. Finally, the excellent photocatalytic activity of pitchcoated $TiO_2$ with Uv/Vis spectra between absorbance and time could be attributed to the homogeneous coated pitch on the external surface by $CCl_4$ solvent method.